fat.c

MMC interface and FAT File system

//###########################################################
// File: fat.c
//
// For FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32
// FAT32 not tested yet
// Only for first Partition
// Only for drives with 512 bytes per sector (the most)
//
// Based on a White Paper from MS
// FAT: General Overview of On-Disk Format
// Version 1.03, December 6, 2000
//
// MBR MasterBootRecord
// PC intern 4
// M.Tischer
// Data Becker
//
// Organisation of a FAT formatted drive:
// ======================================
// MBR including Partitiontable's
// Hidden Sectors
//
// First Partition
// Bootsector 1
// Reserved Sectors
// FAT1
// FAT2
// ...
// FATn
// RootDirectory (not used if FAT32)
// Data Region
//
// Second Partition
// Bootsector 2
// Reserved Sectors
// .....
//
//#########################################################################
// Last change: 10.05.2003
//#########################################################################
// [e-mail]
// http://home.t-online.de/home/holger.klabunde/homepage.htm
//#########################################################################
// Compiler: AVR-GCC 3.2
//#########################################################################
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include "protos.h"
#include "dos.h"
#include "mydefs.h"
#include "serial.h"

unsigned long FirstDataSector;
unsigned long FirstRootSector;
unsigned long FirstFatSector;
unsigned long FATSz;
unsigned long FAT32RootCluster;
unsigned char FATtype;

unsigned char secPerCluster;
unsigned long CountofClusters;

unsigned long CurrentDirCluster;
unsigned long RootDirSectors;
unsigned int  RootEntrys;

//use some global variables for faster file access
unsigned long FileFirstCluster;     //first cluster of file
unsigned long FileCurrentSector;    //sector with last data read/written
unsigned long FileCurrentCluster;   //actual cluster in use
unsigned long File1stClusterSector; //1st sector of cluster in use
unsigned long FileClusterCount;     //clusters read
unsigned long FileBytePerCluster;   //bytes per cluster
unsigned long FileDirSector;        //sector with dir entry of file
unsigned char FileDirOffset;        //offset to file entry in FileDirSector
unsigned long FileSize;
unsigned long FilePosition;         //actual position when reading file         
unsigned char FileFlag;		    //read or write
unsigned char FileName[8];
unsigned char FileExt[3];

unsigned long CurrentSector;
unsigned long CurrentCluster;

unsigned long endofclusterchain; //value for END_OF_CLUSTERCHAIN 
unsigned char lo; //show long name entrys on=1;
unsigned long maxcluster;

//###########################################################
unsigned long AllocCluster(unsigned long currentcluster)
//###########################################################
{
 unsigned long cluster;

// do this if you want to search from beginning of FAT
// cluster=FindFreeCluster(0); //get next free cluster number
 cluster=FindFreeCluster(currentcluster); // get next free cluster number
 if(cluster!=DISK_FULL && cluster<=maxcluster) // disk full ?
  {
    // insert new cluster number into chain
    // currentcluster=0 means: this is a new cluster chain
    if(currentcluster>0) WriteClusterNumber(currentcluster,cluster);

   // mark end of cluster chain
   if(FATtype==FAT12) WriteClusterNumber(cluster,0xFFF); 
   if(FATtype==FAT16) WriteClusterNumber(cluster,0xFFFF); 
   if(FATtype==FAT32) WriteClusterNumber(cluster,0x0FFFFFFF); 
  }

 return cluster;
}

//###########################################################
// go through the FAT to find a free cluster
unsigned long FindFreeCluster(unsigned long currentcluster)
//###########################################################
{
 unsigned long cluster;

 cluster=currentcluster+1; // its a good idea to look here first
                           // maybe we do not need to search the whole FAT
                           // and can speed up free cluster search
                           // if you do not want this call FindFreeCluster(0)
// search til end of FAT
 while(cluster<maxcluster)
  {
   if(GetNextClusterNumber(cluster)==0) break;
   cluster++;
  }

// if we have not found a free cluster til end of FAT
// lets start a new search at beginning of FAT
 if(cluster>=maxcluster)
  {
   cluster=2; // first possible free cluster
   while(cluster<=currentcluster) // search til we come to where we have started
    {
     if(GetNextClusterNumber(cluster)==0) break;
     cluster++;
    }

   if(cluster>=currentcluster) return DISK_FULL; // no free cluster found
  }
  
 if(cluster>=maxcluster) return DISK_FULL;
    
 return cluster;
}

//############################################################
// write a cluster number into fat cluster chain
unsigned char WriteClusterNumber(unsigned long cluster, unsigned long number)
//############################################################
{
 unsigned int tmp, secoffset;
 unsigned long fatoffset, sector;
 unsigned char *p,lo,hi;
 
 if(cluster<maxcluster) //we need to check this ;-)
  {

   if(FATtype==FAT12)
    {
     //FAT12 has 1.5 Bytes per FAT entry
     fatoffset= (cluster * 3) >>1 ; //multiply by 1.5 (rounds down)
     secoffset = fatoffset % BYTE_PER_SEC; //we need this for later
     fatoffset= fatoffset / BYTE_PER_SEC; //sector offset from FirstFatSector
     sector=FirstFatSector + fatoffset;

     tmp=(unsigned int)number;
     if(cluster & 0x01) tmp<<=4; //shift to right position
     lo=(unsigned char)tmp;
     hi=(unsigned char)(tmp>>8);
     
     CFReadSector(sector,inbuff); //read FAT sector
     if(secoffset == (BYTE_PER_SEC-1)) //if this is the case, cluster number is
                                   //on a sector boundary. read the next sector too
      {
       p=&inbuff[BYTE_PER_SEC-1]; //keep first part of cluster number
       if(cluster & 0x01)
        {
         *p&=0x0F;
         *p|=lo;
        }
       else *p=lo;
        
       CFWriteSector(sector,inbuff);
   
       CFReadSector(sector+1,inbuff ); //read next FAT sector

       p=&inbuff[0]; //second part of cluster number
       if(cluster & 0x01) *p=hi;
       else
        {
         *p&=0xF0;
         *p|=hi;
        }

       CFWriteSector(sector+1,inbuff);
      }
     else
      {
       p=&inbuff[secoffset];
       if(cluster & 0x01)
        {
         *p&=0x0F;
         *p++|=lo;
         *p=hi;
        } 
       else
        {
         *p++=lo;
         *p&=0xF0;
         *p|=hi;
        } 
       CFWriteSector(sector,inbuff);
      } 

    }//if(FATtype==FAT12)

   if(FATtype==FAT16)
    {
     //two bytes per FAT entry
     sector=FirstFatSector + (cluster * 2) / BYTE_PER_SEC;
     CFReadSector(sector, inbuff);

     p=&inbuff[(cluster * 2) % BYTE_PER_SEC];
     *p++=(unsigned char)(number);
     *p  =(unsigned char)(number >> 8);
     CFWriteSector(sector, inbuff);
    }// if(FATtype==FAT16)

   if(FATtype==FAT32)
    {
     //four bytes per FAT entry
     sector=FirstFatSector + (cluster * 4) / BYTE_PER_SEC;
     CFReadSector(sector, inbuff);

     p=&inbuff[(cluster * 4) % BYTE_PER_SEC];
     number&=0x0FFFFFFF;
     
     *p++=(unsigned char)(number);
     *p++=(unsigned char)(number >> 8);
     *p++=(unsigned char)(number >> 16);
     *p  =(unsigned char)(number >> 24);
     CFWriteSector(sector, inbuff);
    }// if(FATtype==FAT32) 
  }

 return 0;
}

//############################################################
// get next clusternumber of fat cluster chain
unsigned long GetNextClusterNumber(unsigned long cluster)
//############################################################
{
 unsigned int tmp, secoffset;
 unsigned long fatoffset;
 union Convert *cv;

 if(cluster<maxcluster) //we need to check this ;-)
  {

   if(FATtype==FAT12)
    {
     //FAT12 has 1.5 Bytes per FAT entry
     fatoffset= (cluster * 3) >>1 ; //multiply by 1.5 (rounds down)
     secoffset = fatoffset % BYTE_PER_SEC; //we need this for later
     fatoffset= fatoffset / BYTE_PER_SEC; //sector offset from FirstFatSector