upx.1

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "UPX 1"
.TH UPX 1 "20 Jul 2004" "upx 1.92 beta" " "
.SH "NAME"
upx \- compress or expand executable files
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\fBupx\fR [\ \fIcommand\fR\ ] [\ \fIoptions\fR\ ] \fIfilename\fR...
.SH "ABSTRACT"
.IX Header "ABSTRACT"
.Vb 3
\&            The Ultimate Packer for eXecutables
\&  Copyright (c) 1996-2004 Markus Oberhumer & Laszlo Molnar
\&               http://upx.sourceforge.net
.Ve
.PP
\&\fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR is a portable, extendable, high-performance executable packer for
several different executable formats. It achieves an excellent compression
ratio and offers \fI*very*\fR fast decompression. Your executables suffer
no memory overhead or other drawbacks for most of the formats supported,
because of in-place decompression.
.PP
While you may use \fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR freely for both non-commercial and commercial
executables (for details see the file \s-1LICENSE\s0), we would highly
appreciate if you credit \fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR and ourselves in the documentation,
possibly including a reference to the \fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR home page. Thanks.
.PP
[ Using \fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR in non-OpenSource applications without proper credits
is considered not politically correct ;\-) ]
.SH "DISCLAIMER"
.IX Header "DISCLAIMER"
\&\fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR comes with \s-1ABSOLUTELY\s0 \s-1NO\s0 \s-1WARRANTY\s0; for details see the file \s-1LICENSE\s0.
.PP
This is the first production quality release, and we plan that future 1.xx
releases will be backward compatible with this version.
.PP
Please report all problems or suggestions to the authors. Thanks.
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR is a versatile executable packer with the following features:
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  - excellent compression ratio: compresses better than zip/gzip,
\&      use UPX to decrease the size of your distribution !
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  - very fast decompression: about 10 MB/sec on an ancient Pentium 133,
\&      about 200 MB/sec on an Athlon XP 2000+.
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  - no memory overhead for your compressed executables for most of the
\&      supported formats
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  - safe: you can list, test and unpack your executables
\&      Also, a checksum of both the compressed and uncompressed file is
\&      maintained internally.
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 16
\&  - universal: UPX can pack a number of executable formats:
\&      * atari/tos
\&      * bvmlinuz/386    [bootable Linux kernel]
\&      * djgpp2/coff
\&      * dos/com
\&      * dos/exe
\&      * dos/sys
\&      * linux/386
\&      * linux/elf386
\&      * linux/sh386
\&      * ps1/exe
\&      * rtm32/pe
\&      * tmt/adam
\&      * vmlinuz/386     [bootable Linux kernel]
\&      * watcom/le (supporting DOS4G, PMODE/W, DOS32a and CauseWay)
\&      * win32/pe
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  - portable: UPX is written in portable endian-neutral C++
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\&  - extendable: because of the class layout it's very easy to support
\&      new executable formats or add new compression algorithms
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  - free: UPX can be distributed and used freely. And from version 0.99
\&      the full source code of UPX is released under the GNU General Public
\&      License (GPL) !
.Ve
.PP
You probably understand now why we call \fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR the "\fIultimate\fR"
executable packer.
.SH "COMMANDS"
.IX Header "COMMANDS"
.Sh "Compress"
.IX Subsection "Compress"
This is the default operation, eg. \fBupx yourfile.exe\fR will compress the file
specified on the command line.
.Sh "Decompress"
.IX Subsection "Decompress"
All \fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR supported file formats can be unpacked using the \fB\-d\fR switch, eg.
\&\fBupx \-d yourfile.exe\fR will uncompress the file you've just compressed.
.Sh "Test"
.IX Subsection "Test"
The \fB\-t\fR command tests the integrity of the compressed and uncompressed
data, eg. \fBupx \-t yourfile.exe\fR check whether your file can be safely
decompressed. Note, that this command doesn't check the whole file, only
the part that will be uncompressed during program execution. This means
that you should not use this command instead of a virus checker.
.Sh "List"
.IX Subsection "List"
The \fB\-l\fR command prints out some information about the compressed files
specified on the command line as parameters, eg \fBupx \-l yourfile.exe\fR
shows the compressed / uncompressed size and the compression ratio of
\&\fIyourfile.exe\fR.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
\&\fB\-q\fR: be quiet, suppress warnings
.PP
\&\fB\-q \-q\fR (or \fB\-qq\fR): be very quiet, suppress errors
.PP
\&\fB\-q \-q \-q\fR (or \fB\-qqq\fR): produce no output at all
.PP
\&\fB\-\-help\fR: prints the help
.PP
\&\fB\-\-version\fR: print the version of \fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR
.PP
[ ...to be written... \- type `\fBupx \-\-help\fR' for now ]
.SH "COMPRESSION LEVELS & TUNING"
.IX Header "COMPRESSION LEVELS & TUNING"
\&\fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR offers ten different compression levels from \fB\-1\fR to \fB\-9\fR,
and \fB\-\-best\fR.  The default compression level is \fB\-8\fR for files
smaller than 512 kB, and \fB\-7\fR otherwise.
.IP "\(bu" 4
Compression levels 1, 2 and 3 are pretty fast.
.IP "\(bu" 4
Compression levels 4, 5 and 6 achieve a good time/ratio performance.
.IP "\(bu" 4
Compression levels 7, 8 and 9 favor compression ratio over speed.
.IP "\(bu" 4
Compression level \fB\-\-best\fR may take a long time.
.PP
Note that compression level \fB\-\-best\fR can be somewhat slow for large
files, but you definitely should use it when releasing a final version
of your program.
.PP
Quick start for achieving the best compression ratio:
.Sp
.RS 4
Try \fBupx \-\-brute myfile.exe\fR.
.RE
.PP
Details for achieving the best compression ratio:
.IP "\(bu" 4
Use the compression level \fB\-\-best\fR.
.IP "\(bu" 4
Try one or both of the options \fB\-\-all\-methods\fR and \fB\-\-all\-filters\fR.
.IP "\(bu" 4
Try the option \fB\-\-crp\-ms=NUMBER\fR. This uses more memory during compression
to achieve a (slightly) better compression ratio.
.Sp
\&\s-1NUMBER\s0 must be a decimal value from 10000 to 999999, inclusive.
The default value is 10000 (ten thousand).
.IP "\(bu" 4
Info: the option \fB\-\-brute\fR is an abbrevation for the options
\&\fB\-\-best \-\-all\-methods \-\-all\-filters \-\-crp\-ms=999999\fR.
.IP "\(bu" 4
Try if \fB\-\-overlay=strip\fR works.
.IP "\(bu" 4
For win32/pe programs there's \fB\-\-strip\-relocs=0\fR. See notes below.
.SH "OVERLAY HANDLING OPTIONS"
.IX Header "OVERLAY HANDLING OPTIONS"
Info: An \*(L"overlay\*(R" means auxillary data atached after the logical end of
an executable, and it often contains application specific data
(this is a common practice to avoid an extra data file, though
it would be better to use resource sections).
.PP
\&\fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR handles overlays like many other executable packers do: it simply
copies the overlay after the compressed image. This works with some
files, but doesn't work with others, depending on how an application
actually accesses this overlayed data.
.PP
Since version 0.90 \s-1UPX\s0 defaults to \fB\-\-overlay=copy\fR for
all executable formats.
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  --overlay=copy    Copy any extra data attached to the file. [DEFAULT]
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 3
\&  --overlay=strip   Strip any overlay from the program instead of
\&                    copying it. Be warned, this may make the compressed
\&                    program crash or otherwise unusable.
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 1
\&  --overlay=skip    Refuse to compress any program which has an overlay.
.Ve
.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"
The environment variable \fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR can hold a set of default
options for \fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR. These options are interpreted first and
can be overwritten by explicit command line parameters.
For example:
.PP
.Vb 3
\&    for DOS/Windows:   set UPX=-9 --compress-icons#0
\&    for sh/ksh/zsh:    UPX="-9 --compress-icons=0"; export UPX
\&    for csh/tcsh:      setenv UPX "-9 --compress-icons=0"
.Ve
.PP
Under DOS/Windows you must use '#' instead of '=' when setting the
environment variable because of a \s-1COMMAND\s0.COM limitation.
.PP
Not all of the options are valid in the environment variable \-
\&\fB\s-1UPX\s0\fR will tell you.
.PP
You can explicitly use the \fB\-\-no\-env\fR option to ignore the
environment variable.
.SH "NOTES FOR THE SUPPORTED EXECUTABLE FORMATS"
.IX Header "NOTES FOR THE SUPPORTED EXECUTABLE FORMATS"
.Sh "\s-1NOTES\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 \s-1ATARI/TOS\s0"
.IX Subsection "NOTES FOR ATARI/TOS"
This is the executable format used by the Atari \s-1ST/TT\s0, a Motorola 68000
based personal computer which was popular in the late '80s. Support
of this format is only because of nostalgic feelings of one of
the authors and serves no practical purpose :\-).
See http://www.freemint.de for more info.
.PP
Packed programs will be byte-identical to the original after uncompression.
All debug information will be stripped, though.
.PP
Extra options available for this executable format:
.PP
.Vb 4
\&  --all-methods       Compress the program several times, using all
\&                      available compression methods. This may improve
\&                      the compression ratio in some cases, but usually
\&                      the default method gives the best results anyway.
.Ve
.Sh "\s-1NOTES\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 \s-1BVMLINUZ/I386\s0"
.IX Subsection "NOTES FOR BVMLINUZ/I386"
Same as vmlinuz/i386.
.Sh "\s-1NOTES\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 \s-1DOS/COM\s0"
.IX Subsection "NOTES FOR DOS/COM"