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Mysql与JSP网页中文乱码问题的解决方案</td>
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<td align="center" class="showTitle">Mysql与JSP网页中文乱码问题的解决方案</td>
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</table>自从以前学习JSP开始，中文乱码问题就一直不断，苦不堪言。这次在项目开始之前，我们要解决的第一个问题就是把mysql的中文乱码问题搞定。经过多天的努力，终于成功的解决了中文乱码问题，特写在这里，以备后用。
<br>
<br>软件及环境：Windows XP(2000), j2sdk1.4.2, Tomcat 5.0.25, mysql 4.1, EMS Mysql Manager 2(方便建表，版本2.8.5.1)，驱动为mysql-connector-java-3.1.4-beta-bin.jar。
<br>
<br>目标：在该环境下，实现中文的正常显示，读取与插入数据库。
<br>
<br>注：我只在此环境下测试通过，别的系统及不同版本未测试
<br>
<br>要点：统一字符集（JSP页面编码，mysql建库时字符集选择，连接数据库URL，request设定等）
<br>
<br>下面我以GBK为例讲解。如果要使用utf-8，只要在相应的GBK处换成utf-8即可
<br>
<br>--------------------------- 步骤1 以GBK字符集建库建表 -------------------------------------
<br>
<br>我使用EMS来建mysql的数据库及表，因为它是图形界面，方便操作（就像SQL SERVER 2000中的企业管理器一样）。
<br>
<br>建库时，从EMS菜单中选create Database...新建一个数据库，CharacterSet选gbk_bin(另一个gbk_chinese_ci不知道与这个有什么区别，我找资料也没有找到。如果你知道，请告诉我，我补充在这里)。不要把工具栏上有一个加号和数据库模样的图标当成新建数据库了，那个新注册一个已经存在的数据库。
<br>后面建表时，也要选择同样的字符集。
<br>
<br>建好后，此时不要用EMS向里面插入数据，否则你看到的中文依然是乱码。
<br>
<br>--------------------------- 步骤2 连接数据库的URL后加些参数 -------------------------------
<br>
<br>假设我新建的数据库是testdb，那么我连接数据库的url应该为：
<br>
<br>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=gbk
<br>
<br>此时要注意：如果我是把这个url写在JAVA代码中，就直接这样写。但如果是在xml配置文件中（如struts-config.xml,web.xml等），要把其中的&改为&amp;才行，否则会出错。也就是：
<br>
<br>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=gbk
<br>
<br>--------------------------- 步骤3 每个JSP页面都要声明该中文字符集 ----------------------------
<br>
<br>在每个JSP页面的最上面都加上一句
<br>
<br><%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=GBK" %>
<br>
<br>这样才能保证JSP页面中的中文显示正常
<br>
<br>--------------------------- 步骤4 加一个传递参数时设定request字符集的filter类 -----------------------
<br>
<br>因为网络中字符在传递的时候，都是统一以iso-8859-1的编码传递，所以我们必须对request重新设定字符集，才能正常显示中文。如果采用filter类来实现，我们不用在每次取中文参数时都要重新设定。
<br>
<br>filter类的内容：
<br>
<br>/*
<br> * ====================================================================
<br> *
<br> * JavaWebStudio 开源项目
<br> *
<br> * Struts_db v0.1
<br> *
<br> * ====================================================================
<br> */
<br>package com.strutsLogin.util;
<br>
<br>import java.io.IOException;
<br>
<br>import javax.servlet.Filter;
<br>import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
<br>import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
<br>import javax.servlet.ServletException;
<br>import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
<br>import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* 中文过滤器
<br>*/
<br>public class SetCharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
<br>
<br>// ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* The default character encoding to set for requests that pass through
<br>* this filter.
<br>*/
<br>protected String encoding = null;
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* The filter configuration object we are associated with. If this value
<br>* is null, this filter instance is not currently configured.
<br>*/
<br>protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null;
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* Should a character encoding specified by the client be ignored?
<br>*/
<br>protected boolean ignore = true;
<br>
<br>// --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* Take this filter out of service.
<br>*/
<br>public void destroy() {
<br>
<br>this.encoding = null;
<br>this.filterConfig = null;
<br>
<br>}
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* Select and set (if specified) the character encoding to be used to
<br>* interpret request parameters for this request.
<br>*
<br>* @param request The servlet request we are processing
<br>* @param result The servlet response we are creating
<br>* @param chain The filter chain we are processing
<br>*
<br>* @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
<br>* @exception ServletException if a servlet error occurs
<br>*/
<br>public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
<br>FilterChain chain)
<br>throws IOException, ServletException {
<br>
<br>// Conditionally select and set the character encoding to be used
<br>if (ignore || (request.getCharacterEncoding() == null)) {
<br>String encoding = selectEncoding(request);
<br>if (encoding != null)
<br>request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
<br>}
<br>
<br>// Pass control on to the next filter
<br>chain.doFilter(request, response);
<br>
<br>}
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* Place this filter into service.
<br>*
<br>* @param filterConfig The filter configuration object
<br>*/
<br>public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
<br>
<br>this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
<br>this.encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
<br>String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("ignore");
<br>if (value == null)
<br>this.ignore = true;
<br>else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("true"))
<br>this.ignore = true;
<br>else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("yes"))
<br>this.ignore = true;
<br>else
<br>this.ignore = false;
<br>
<br>}
<br>
<br>// ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods
<br>
<br>/**
<br>* Select an appropriate character encoding to be used, based on the
<br>* characteristics of the current request and/or filter initialization
<br>* parameters. If no character encoding should be set, return
<br>* <code>null</code>.
<br>* <p>
<br>* The default implementation unconditionally returns the value configured
<br>* by the <strong>encoding</strong> initialization parameter for this
<br>* filter.
<br>*
<br>* @param request The servlet request we are processing
<br>*/
<br>protected String selectEncoding(ServletRequest request) {
<br>
<br>return (this.encoding);
<br>
<br>}
<br>
<br>}//EOC
<br>
<br>
<br>该代码来自于www.javawebstudio.com，特此感谢！
<br>
<br>然后我们在web.xml中加一些配置，就可以了，配置如下：
<br>
<br><filter>
<br> <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
<br> <filter-class>javawebstudio.struts_db.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<br> <init-param>
<br> <param-name>encoding</param-name>
<br> <param-value>GBK</param-value>
<br> </init-param>
<br> <init-param>
<br> <param-name>ignore</param-name>
<br> <param-value>true</param-value>
<br> </init-param>
<br></filter>
<br>
<br><filter-mapping>
<br> <filter-name>Set Character Encoding</filter-name>
<br> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<br></filter-mapping>
<br>
<br>放在web.xml的合适位置。一般在最后，<jsp-config>标签之前(如果有的话)
<br>
<br>经过以上步骤，JSP和mysql的中文显示及插入就都正常了。在STRUTS中也正常。
<br>
<br>但是，此时如果你用EMS或mysql的命令行控制台来看表中的数据，却发现它们都是????。这是怎么回事呢？
<br>
<br>不用担心，只要我们运行下面的这几行命令，就能看到正常的中文了!
<br>
<br>SET character_set_client = gbk;
<br>SET character_set_connection = gbk;
<br>SET character_set_database = gbk;
<br>SET character_set_results = gbk;
<br>SET character_set_server = gbk;
<br>
<br>SET collation_connection = gbk_bin;
<br>SET collation_database = gbk_bin;
<br>SET collation_server = gbk_bin;
<br>
<br>如果你用的是mysql的命令行，则直接输入就好。
<br>
<br>如果是EMS，则在工具栏中有一个Show SQL Editor按钮,点一下，把上面的命令输入，再按一个"execute"的按钮，就行了!
<br>
<br>而且在这种情况下，你可以甚至可以用中文名来建数据库，表名和字段名!!!!
<br>
<br>----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<br>
<br>但是有一点要特别注意!
<br>
<br>像GBK，UTF-8这样的名字，在mysql与JAVA中有不同的规定，写的时候要格外注意，否则会出错。
<br>
<br>比如GBK，在JAVA中要写成GBK，但在mysql中要写成gbk(连接数据库的URL)
<br>
<br>比如UTF-8，在JAVA中要写成UTF-8，但在Mysql中要写成utf8
<br>
<br>其它的字集符也有类似的区别
<br>
<br>
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