demogng-1.3.tex

关于自组织神经网络的一种新结构程序,并包含了其它几种神经网络的程序比较

\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{\pwida\textwidth}
  \mysepsf{eps/GG.ps}
  \centerline{Growing Grid}
  \medskip
\end{minipage}
\caption{Example screenshots of the available models} 
\end{figure}

%\begin{figure}[htb]
%\begin{center}
%  \epsfig{width=5.5cm,file=eps/GNG_Teach.ps}
%  \epsfig{width=5.5cm,file=eps/HCL_Voronoi.ps} \\[1mm]
%  \epsfig{width=5.5cm,file=eps/NG.ps}
%  \epsfig{width=5.5cm,file=eps/NGwCHL.ps} \\[1mm]
%  \epsfig{width=5.5cm,file=eps/CHL_Signals.ps}
%  \epsfig{width=5.5cm,file=eps/LBG_Delaunay.ps} \\[1mm]
%  \epsfig{width=5.5cm,file=eps/GG.ps}
%  \epsfig{width=5.5cm,file=eps/SOM.ps}
%\caption{Example screenshots of the available models} 
%\end{center} 
%\end{figure}

\subsection{Drawing Area} \label{Drawing_Area}

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \begin{center}
    \epsfig{file=eps/DrawingArea.ps, width=\textwidth}
    \caption{Drawing Area}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

The drawing area shows the network for the selected algorithm. The
geometric figure in the background of the area reflects the
\hyperref
               % This will be highlighted in the hypertext version
{probability distribution}                      % argument #1
               % This will be shown in the printed version 
               % followed by a numeric reference ...      
{probability distribution (see Section }        % argument #2
               % ... followed by this text
{ for more information)}                % argument #3
               % This the common label 
{General_Options_PDM}. In every phase of the
algorithm you can select a node and drag it to an arbitrary location within
the drawing area.
Additional information is displayed in the corners of this region:

\begin{tabular}{ll}
upper left  & Number of input signals occured so far \\
upper right & Version number \\
lower left  & Number of nodes \\
lower right & Some additional information
\end{tabular}


\subsection{General Options}

\begin{figure}[htb]
  \begin{center}
    \epsfig{file=eps/options.ps, width=10cm}
    \caption{Options for all models}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

This region contains the non-specific parameters for all
algorithms. There are three kinds of interface elements: buttons,
checkboxes and pull-down-menus. 

\subsubsection{Buttons}
\begin{tabular}{lp{10cm}}
Start   &       Starts/Continues a stopped run. \\
Stop    &       Stops a calculation to modify parameters or move nodes
                (these modifications can also be done while the simulator
                runs).\\
Reset   &       Resets the algorithm, but leaves all parameters
                unchanged (to restart an 
                \hyperref
                % This will be highlighted in the hypertext version
                {algorithm with default parameters}  % argument #1
                % This will be shown in the printed version 
                % followed by a numeric reference ...      
                {algorithm with default parameters see Section } % argument #2
                % ... followed by this text
                { for more information} % argument #3
                % This the common label 
                {Network_Model}). 
\end{tabular}

\subsubsection{Checkboxes}

\newcommand{\pwidb}{0.32}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{minipage}[b]{\pwidb\textwidth}
  \mysepsf{eps/GNG_Teach.ps}
  \centerline{Teach mode}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{\pwidb\textwidth}
  \mysepsf{eps/HCL_Voronoi.ps}
  \centerline{Voronoi diagram}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{\pwidb\textwidth}
  \mysepsf{eps/ErrorGraph.ps}
  \centerline{Error graph}
\end{minipage}
\caption{Some examples for activated checkboxes.} 
\end{figure}


\begin{tabular}{lp{10cm}}
Teach   &       Toggles teach mode. In the teach mode the algorithm is slowed
                down and more information is displayed
                depending on the algorithm (default: off). \\ 
Signals &       Toggles display of signals. The most recently
                generated signals are shown (default: off). \\
Voronoi &       Toggles display of Voronoi diagram (default: off). \\
Delaunay &      Toggles display of Delaunay triangulation (default: off). \\
Error Graph &   Toggles the error graph. It is displayed in
                a separate window and shows the mean square error of the
                selected model (default: off). \\
Nodes &         Toggles display of nodes (default: on). \\
Edges &         Toggles display of edges (default: on). \\
Random Init &   If this is switched on, initial node positions can lie
                outside the region of positive probability density
                (default: off). \\
White &         Switches the background of the drawing area to white.
                This is useful for making hardcopies of the
                screen (default: off). \\
Sound   &       Toggles sound (default: off).
\end{tabular}

\subsubsection{Pull-Down Menus} \label{General_Options_PDM}

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{minipage}[b]{2cm}
  \mynewsepsf{eps/Distributions.ps} \hfill
  \centerline{Probability Distribution}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.6cm}
  \mynewsepsf{eps/Nodes.ps} \hfill
  \centerline{Nodes}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.6cm}
  \mynewsepsf{eps/Display.ps} \hfill
  \centerline{Display}
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{2cm}
  \mynewsepsf{eps/Speed.ps}
  \centerline{Speed}
\end{minipage}
\caption{General pull-down menus} 
\end{figure}

%\begin{figure}[htb]
%\begin{center}
%  \epsfig{width=2cm,file=eps/Distributions.ps} \hfill
%  \epsfig{width=0.6cm,file=eps/Nodes.ps} \hfill
%  \epsfig{width=0.6cm,file=eps/Display.ps} \hfill
%  \epsfig{width=2cm,file=eps/Speed.ps}
%\caption{General pull-down menus: probability distribution, nodes, display
%  and speed.} 
%\end{center} 
%\end{figure}

\begin{tabular}{lp{10cm}}
prob. Distrib.  &       Selects one of the available probability
                        distributions. The choosen distribution is
                        displayed in the
                        \hyperref
                % This will be highlighted in the hypertext version
                        {drawing area}  % argument #1
                % This will be shown in the printed version 
                % followed by a numeric reference ...      
                        {drawing area (see Section } % argument #2
                % ... followed by this text
                        { for more information)} % argument #3
                % This the common label 
                        {Drawing_Area}. The following
                        distributions are provided: The convex uniform ones
                        \textbf{Rectangle}, \textbf{Circle} and
                        \textbf{Ring}. 
                        The clustered uniform ones \textbf{UNI},
                        \textbf{Small Spirals},
                        \textbf{Large Spirals} and \textbf{UNIT}.
                        The non-uniform \textbf{HiLo Density}
                        which consists of a small and a large
                        rectangle. Each of these rectangles gets 50\% of
                        the signals.
                        And the discrete distribution \textbf{Discrete},
                        which consists of 500 data vectors generated
                        from a number of Gaussian Kernels. \\ 
(max.) Nodes    &       Selects the number of nodes (\textbf{Growing Neural
                        Gas} and \textbf{Growing Grid}: maximum number
                        of nodes). \\
Display         &       Selects the update interval for the display. \\
Speed           &       Selects an individual speed depending on the machine
                        and/or browser.

                        Select a slow speed for good interaction with
                        the program and slower program execution.

                        Select a fast speed for slow interaction and
                        fast program execution.

                        The most suitable setting depends on your
                        local hard- and software.
\end{tabular}

\newcommand{\pwidc}{0.32}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{minipage}[b]{\pwidc\textwidth}
  \mynewshepsf{eps/UNI.ps}{2cm}
  \centerline{UNI}
  \medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{\pwidc\textwidth}
  \mynewshepsf{eps/SmallSpirals.ps}{2cm}
  \centerline{Small Spirals}
  \medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{\pwidc\textwidth}
  \mynewshepsf{eps/Unit.ps}{2cm}
  \centerline{UNIT}
  \medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{\pwidc\textwidth}
  \mynewshepsf{eps/Rectangle.ps}{2.5cm}
  \centerline{Rectangle}
  \medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{\pwidc\textwidth}
  \mynewshepsf{eps/LargeSpirals.ps}{2.5cm}
  \centerline{Large Spirals}
  \medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{\pwidc\textwidth}
  \mynewshepsf{eps/HiLoDensity.ps}{2.5cm}
  \centerline{HiLo Density}
   \medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{\pwidc\textwidth}
 \mynewshepsf{eps/Circle.ps}{3.5cm}
  \centerline{Circle}
  \medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{\pwidc\textwidth}
  \mynewshepsf{eps/Ring.ps}{3.5cm}
  \centerline{Ring}
  \medskip
\end{minipage}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[b]{\pwidc\textwidth}
  \mynewshepsf{eps/Discrete.ps}{3.5cm}
  \centerline{Discrete}
  \medskip
\end{minipage}
\caption{Overview of the available probability distributions} 
\end{figure}

%\begin{figure}[htb]
%\begin{center}
%  \epsfig{width=3.5cm, height=2cm, file=eps/UNI.ps}
%  \epsfig{width=3.5cm, height=2cm, file=eps/SmallSpirals.ps}
%  \epsfig{width=3.5cm, height=2cm, file=eps/Unit.ps} \\[1mm]
%  \epsfig{width=3.5cm, height=2.5cm, file=eps/Rectangle.ps}
%  \epsfig{width=3.5cm, height=2.5cm, file=eps/LargeSpirals.ps}
%  \epsfig{width=3.5cm, height=2.5cm, file=eps/HiLoDensity.ps} \\[1mm]
%  \epsfig{width=3.5cm, height=3.5cm, file=eps/Circle.ps}