📄 fbdev.c
字号:
/* * linux/drivers/video/riva/fbdev.c - nVidia RIVA 128/TNT/TNT2 fb driver * * Maintained by Ani Joshi <ajoshi@shell.unixbox.com> * * Copyright 1999-2000 Jeff Garzik * * Contributors: * * Ani Joshi: Lots of debugging and cleanup work, really helped * get the driver going * * Ferenc Bakonyi: Bug fixes, cleanup, modularization * * Jindrich Makovicka: Accel code help, hw cursor, mtrr * * Paul Richards: Bug fixes, updates * * Initial template from skeletonfb.c, created 28 Dec 1997 by Geert Uytterhoeven * Includes riva_hw.c from nVidia, see copyright below. * KGI code provided the basis for state storage, init, and mode switching. * * This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public * License. See the file COPYING in the main directory of this archive * for more details. * * Known bugs and issues: * restoring text mode fails * doublescan modes are broken */#include <linux/config.h>#include <linux/module.h>#include <linux/kernel.h>#include <linux/errno.h>#include <linux/string.h>#include <linux/mm.h>#include <linux/tty.h>#include <linux/slab.h>#include <linux/delay.h>#include <linux/fb.h>#include <linux/init.h>#include <linux/pci.h>#ifdef CONFIG_MTRR#include <asm/mtrr.h>#endif#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_OF#include <asm/prom.h>#include <asm/pci-bridge.h>#endif#ifdef CONFIG_PMAC_BACKLIGHT#include <asm/backlight.h>#endif#include "rivafb.h"#include "nvreg.h"#ifndef CONFIG_PCI /* sanity check */#error This driver requires PCI support.#endif/* version number of this driver */#define RIVAFB_VERSION "0.9.5b"/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- * * * various helpful macros and constants * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */#ifdef CONFIG_FB_RIVA_DEBUG#define NVTRACE printk#else#define NVTRACE if(0) printk#endif#define NVTRACE_ENTER(...) NVTRACE("%s START\n", __FUNCTION__)#define NVTRACE_LEAVE(...) NVTRACE("%s END\n", __FUNCTION__)#ifdef CONFIG_FB_RIVA_DEBUG#define assert(expr) \ if(!(expr)) { \ printk( "Assertion failed! %s,%s,%s,line=%d\n",\ #expr,__FILE__,__FUNCTION__,__LINE__); \ BUG(); \ }#else#define assert(expr)#endif#define PFX "rivafb: "/* macro that allows you to set overflow bits */#define SetBitField(value,from,to) SetBF(to,GetBF(value,from))#define SetBit(n) (1<<(n))#define Set8Bits(value) ((value)&0xff)/* HW cursor parameters */#define MAX_CURS 32/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- * * * prototypes * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */static int rivafb_blank(int blank, struct fb_info *info);/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- * * * card identification * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */static struct pci_device_id rivafb_pci_tbl[] = { { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA_SGS, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_SGS_RIVA128, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_TNT, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_TNT2, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_UTNT2, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_VTNT2, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_UVTNT2, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_ITNT2, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE_SDR, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE_DDR, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_QUADRO, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE2_MX, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE2_MX2, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE2_GO, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_QUADRO2_MXR, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE2_GTS, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE2_GTS2, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE2_ULTRA, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_QUADRO2_PRO, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE4_MX_460, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE4_MX_440, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, // NF2/IGP version, GeForce 4 MX, NV18 { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, 0x01f0, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE4_MX_420, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE4_440_GO, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE4_420_GO, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE4_420_GO_M32, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_QUADRO4_500XGL, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE4_440_GO_M64, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_QUADRO4_200, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_QUADRO4_550XGL, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_QUADRO4_500_GOGL, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_IGEFORCE2, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE3, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE3_1, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE3_2, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_QUADRO_DDC, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE4_TI_4600, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE4_TI_4400, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE4_TI_4200, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_QUADRO4_900XGL, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_QUADRO4_750XGL, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_QUADRO4_700XGL, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_NVIDIA_GEFORCE_FX_GO_5200, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0 }, { 0, } /* terminate list */};MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci, rivafb_pci_tbl);/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- * * * global variables * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *//* command line data, set in rivafb_setup() */static int flatpanel __devinitdata = -1; /* Autodetect later */static int forceCRTC __devinitdata = -1;static int noaccel __devinitdata = 0;#ifdef CONFIG_MTRRstatic int nomtrr __devinitdata = 0;#endifstatic char *mode_option __devinitdata = NULL;static int strictmode = 0;static struct fb_fix_screeninfo __devinitdata rivafb_fix = { .type = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS, .xpanstep = 1, .ypanstep = 1,};static struct fb_var_screeninfo __devinitdata rivafb_default_var = { .xres = 640, .yres = 480, .xres_virtual = 640, .yres_virtual = 480, .bits_per_pixel = 8, .red = {0, 8, 0}, .green = {0, 8, 0}, .blue = {0, 8, 0}, .transp = {0, 0, 0}, .activate = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW, .height = -1, .width = -1, .pixclock = 39721, .left_margin = 40, .right_margin = 24, .upper_margin = 32, .lower_margin = 11, .hsync_len = 96, .vsync_len = 2, .vmode = FB_VMODE_NONINTERLACED};/* from GGI */static const struct riva_regs reg_template = { {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, /* ATTR */ 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x41, 0x01, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* CRT */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xE3, /* 0x10 */ 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0x20 */ 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0x30 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0x40 */ }, {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x05, 0x0F, /* GRA */ 0xFF}, {0x03, 0x01, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x0E}, /* SEQ */ 0xEB /* MISC */};/* * Backlight control */#ifdef CONFIG_PMAC_BACKLIGHTstatic int riva_backlight_levels[] = { 0x158, 0x192, 0x1c6, 0x200, 0x234, 0x268, 0x2a2, 0x2d6, 0x310, 0x344, 0x378, 0x3b2, 0x3e6, 0x41a, 0x454, 0x534,};static int riva_set_backlight_enable(int on, int level, void *data);static int riva_set_backlight_level(int level, void *data);static struct backlight_controller riva_backlight_controller = { riva_set_backlight_enable, riva_set_backlight_level};#endif /* CONFIG_PMAC_BACKLIGHT *//* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- * * * MMIO access macros * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */static inline void CRTCout(struct riva_par *par, unsigned char index, unsigned char val){ VGA_WR08(par->riva.PCIO, 0x3d4, index); VGA_WR08(par->riva.PCIO, 0x3d5, val);}static inline unsigned char CRTCin(struct riva_par *par, unsigned char index){ VGA_WR08(par->riva.PCIO, 0x3d4, index); return (VGA_RD08(par->riva.PCIO, 0x3d5));}static inline void GRAout(struct riva_par *par, unsigned char index, unsigned char val){ VGA_WR08(par->riva.PVIO, 0x3ce, index); VGA_WR08(par->riva.PVIO, 0x3cf, val);}static inline unsigned char GRAin(struct riva_par *par, unsigned char index){ VGA_WR08(par->riva.PVIO, 0x3ce, index); return (VGA_RD08(par->riva.PVIO, 0x3cf));}static inline void SEQout(struct riva_par *par, unsigned char index, unsigned char val){ VGA_WR08(par->riva.PVIO, 0x3c4, index); VGA_WR08(par->riva.PVIO, 0x3c5, val);}static inline unsigned char SEQin(struct riva_par *par, unsigned char index){ VGA_WR08(par->riva.PVIO, 0x3c4, index); return (VGA_RD08(par->riva.PVIO, 0x3c5));}static inline void ATTRout(struct riva_par *par, unsigned char index, unsigned char val){ VGA_WR08(par->riva.PCIO, 0x3c0, index); VGA_WR08(par->riva.PCIO, 0x3c0, val);}static inline unsigned char ATTRin(struct riva_par *par, unsigned char index){ VGA_WR08(par->riva.PCIO, 0x3c0, index); return (VGA_RD08(par->riva.PCIO, 0x3c1));}static inline void MISCout(struct riva_par *par, unsigned char val){ VGA_WR08(par->riva.PVIO, 0x3c2, val);}static inline unsigned char MISCin(struct riva_par *par){ return (VGA_RD08(par->riva.PVIO, 0x3cc));}static u8 byte_rev[256] = { 0x00, 0x80, 0x40, 0xc0, 0x20, 0xa0, 0x60, 0xe0, 0x10, 0x90, 0x50, 0xd0, 0x30, 0xb0, 0x70, 0xf0, 0x08, 0x88, 0x48, 0xc8, 0x28, 0xa8, 0x68, 0xe8, 0x18, 0x98, 0x58, 0xd8, 0x38, 0xb8, 0x78, 0xf8, 0x04, 0x84, 0x44, 0xc4, 0x24, 0xa4, 0x64, 0xe4, 0x14, 0x94, 0x54, 0xd4, 0x34, 0xb4, 0x74, 0xf4, 0x0c, 0x8c, 0x4c, 0xcc, 0x2c, 0xac, 0x6c, 0xec, 0x1c, 0x9c, 0x5c, 0xdc, 0x3c, 0xbc, 0x7c, 0xfc, 0x02, 0x82, 0x42, 0xc2, 0x22, 0xa2, 0x62, 0xe2, 0x12, 0x92, 0x52, 0xd2, 0x32, 0xb2, 0x72, 0xf2, 0x0a, 0x8a, 0x4a, 0xca, 0x2a, 0xaa, 0x6a, 0xea, 0x1a, 0x9a, 0x5a, 0xda, 0x3a, 0xba, 0x7a, 0xfa, 0x06, 0x86, 0x46, 0xc6, 0x26, 0xa6, 0x66, 0xe6, 0x16, 0x96, 0x56, 0xd6, 0x36, 0xb6, 0x76, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x8e, 0x4e, 0xce, 0x2e, 0xae, 0x6e, 0xee, 0x1e, 0x9e, 0x5e, 0xde, 0x3e, 0xbe, 0x7e, 0xfe, 0x01, 0x81, 0x41, 0xc1, 0x21, 0xa1, 0x61, 0xe1, 0x11, 0x91, 0x51, 0xd1, 0x31, 0xb1, 0x71, 0xf1, 0x09, 0x89, 0x49, 0xc9, 0x29, 0xa9, 0x69, 0xe9, 0x19, 0x99, 0x59, 0xd9, 0x39, 0xb9, 0x79, 0xf9, 0x05, 0x85, 0x45, 0xc5, 0x25, 0xa5, 0x65, 0xe5, 0x15, 0x95, 0x55, 0xd5, 0x35, 0xb5, 0x75, 0xf5, 0x0d, 0x8d, 0x4d, 0xcd, 0x2d, 0xad, 0x6d, 0xed, 0x1d, 0x9d, 0x5d, 0xdd, 0x3d, 0xbd, 0x7d, 0xfd, 0x03, 0x83, 0x43, 0xc3, 0x23, 0xa3, 0x63, 0xe3, 0x13, 0x93, 0x53, 0xd3, 0x33, 0xb3, 0x73, 0xf3, 0x0b, 0x8b, 0x4b, 0xcb, 0x2b, 0xab, 0x6b, 0xeb, 0x1b, 0x9b, 0x5b, 0xdb, 0x3b, 0xbb, 0x7b, 0xfb, 0x07, 0x87, 0x47, 0xc7, 0x27, 0xa7, 0x67, 0xe7, 0x17, 0x97, 0x57, 0xd7, 0x37, 0xb7, 0x77, 0xf7, 0x0f, 0x8f, 0x4f, 0xcf, 0x2f, 0xaf, 0x6f, 0xef, 0x1f, 0x9f, 0x5f, 0xdf, 0x3f, 0xbf, 0x7f, 0xff,};static inline void reverse_order(u32 *l){ u8 *a = (u8 *)l; *a = byte_rev[*a], a++; *a = byte_rev[*a], a++; *a = byte_rev[*a], a++; *a = byte_rev[*a];}/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- * * * cursor stuff * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *//** * rivafb_load_cursor_image - load cursor image to hardware * @data: address to monochrome bitmap (1 = foreground color, 0 = background) * @par: pointer to private data * @w: width of cursor image in pixels * @h: height of cursor image in scanlines * @bg: background color (ARGB1555) - alpha bit determines opacity * @fg: foreground color (ARGB1555) * * DESCRIPTiON: * Loads cursor image based on a monochrome source and mask bitmap. The * image bits determines the color of the pixel, 0 for background, 1 for * foreground. Only the affected region (as determined by @w and @h * parameters) will be updated. * * CALLED FROM: * rivafb_cursor() */static void rivafb_load_cursor_image(struct riva_par *par, u8 *data8, u16 bg, u16 fg, u32 w, u32 h){ int i, j, k = 0; u32 b, tmp; u32 *data = (u32 *)data8; bg = le16_to_cpu(bg); fg = le16_to_cpu(fg); w = (w + 1) & ~1; for (i = 0; i < h; i++) { b = *data++; reverse_order(&b); for (j = 0; j < w/2; j++) { tmp = 0;#if defined (__BIG_ENDIAN) tmp = (b & (1 << 31)) ? fg << 16 : bg << 16; b <<= 1; tmp |= (b & (1 << 31)) ? fg : bg; b <<= 1;#else tmp = (b & 1) ? fg : bg; b >>= 1; tmp |= (b & 1) ? fg << 16 : bg << 16; b >>= 1;#endif writel(tmp, &par->riva.CURSOR[k++]); } k += (MAX_CURS - w)/2; }}/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- * * * general utility functions * * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- *//** * riva_wclut - set CLUT entry * @chip: pointer to RIVA_HW_INST object * @regnum: register number * @red: red component * @green: green component * @blue: blue component * * DESCRIPTION: * Sets color register @regnum. * * CALLED FROM: * rivafb_setcolreg() */static void riva_wclut(RIVA_HW_INST *chip, unsigned char regnum, unsigned char red, unsigned char green, unsigned char blue){ VGA_WR08(chip->PDIO, 0x3c8, regnum); VGA_WR08(chip->PDIO, 0x3c9, red); VGA_WR08(chip->PDIO, 0x3c9, green); VGA_WR08(chip->PDIO, 0x3c9, blue);}/** * riva_rclut - read fromCLUT register * @chip: pointer to RIVA_HW_INST object * @regnum: register number * @red: red component * @green: green component * @blue: blue component * * DESCRIPTION: * Reads red, green, and blue from color register @regnum. * * CALLED FROM: * rivafb_setcolreg() */static void riva_rclut(RIVA_HW_INST *chip, unsigned char regnum, unsigned char *red, unsigned char *green, unsigned char *blue){ VGA_WR08(chip->PDIO, 0x3c7, regnum); *red = VGA_RD08(chip->PDIO, 0x3c9); *green = VGA_RD08(chip->PDIO, 0x3c9); *blue = VGA_RD08(chip->PDIO, 0x3c9);}/** * riva_save_state - saves current chip state * @par: pointer to riva_par object containing info for current riva board * @regs: pointer to riva_regs object * * DESCRIPTION: * Saves current chip state to @regs. * * CALLED FROM: * rivafb_probe() *//* from GGI */static void riva_save_state(struct riva_par *par, struct riva_regs *regs){ int i; NVTRACE_ENTER(); par->riva.LockUnlock(&par->riva, 0); par->riva.UnloadStateExt(&par->riva, ®s->ext); regs->misc_output = MISCin(par); for (i = 0; i < NUM_CRT_REGS; i++) regs->crtc[i] = CRTCin(par, i);
⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -