kprobes.c

linux-2.6.15.6

/*
 *  Kernel Probes (KProbes)
 *  arch/x86_64/kernel/kprobes.c
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 *
 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2002, 2004
 *
 * 2002-Oct	Created by Vamsi Krishna S <[e-mail]> Kernel
 *		Probes initial implementation ( includes contributions from
 *		Rusty Russell).
 * 2004-July	Suparna Bhattacharya <[e-mail]> added jumper probes
 *		interface to access function arguments.
 * 2004-Oct	Jim Keniston <[e-mail]> and Prasanna S Panchamukhi
 *		<[e-mail]> adapted for x86_64
 * 2005-Mar	Roland McGrath <[e-mail]>
 *		Fixed to handle %rip-relative addressing mode correctly.
 * 2005-May     Rusty Lynch <[e-mail]>
 *              Added function return probes functionality
 */

#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/preempt.h>

#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/kdebug.h>

static DECLARE_MUTEX(kprobe_mutex);
void jprobe_return_end(void);

DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe *, current_kprobe) = NULL;
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe_ctlblk, kprobe_ctlblk);

/*
 * returns non-zero if opcode modifies the interrupt flag.
 */
static inline int is_IF_modifier(kprobe_opcode_t *insn)
{
	switch (*insn) {
	case 0xfa:		/* cli */
	case 0xfb:		/* sti */
	case 0xcf:		/* iret/iretd */
	case 0x9d:		/* popf/popfd */
		return 1;
	}

	if (*insn  >= 0x40 && *insn <= 0x4f && *++insn == 0xcf)
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

int __kprobes arch_prepare_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	/* insn: must be on special executable page on x86_64. */
	down(&kprobe_mutex);
	p->ainsn.insn = get_insn_slot();
	up(&kprobe_mutex);
	if (!p->ainsn.insn) {
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Determine if the instruction uses the %rip-relative addressing mode.
 * If it does, return the address of the 32-bit displacement word.
 * If not, return null.
 */
static inline s32 *is_riprel(u8 *insn)
{
#define W(row,b0,b1,b2,b3,b4,b5,b6,b7,b8,b9,ba,bb,bc,bd,be,bf)		      \
	(((b0##UL << 0x0)|(b1##UL << 0x1)|(b2##UL << 0x2)|(b3##UL << 0x3) |   \
	  (b4##UL << 0x4)|(b5##UL << 0x5)|(b6##UL << 0x6)|(b7##UL << 0x7) |   \
	  (b8##UL << 0x8)|(b9##UL << 0x9)|(ba##UL << 0xa)|(bb##UL << 0xb) |   \
	  (bc##UL << 0xc)|(bd##UL << 0xd)|(be##UL << 0xe)|(bf##UL << 0xf))    \
	 << (row % 64))
	static const u64 onebyte_has_modrm[256 / 64] = {
		/*      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f         */
		/*      -------------------------------         */
		W(0x00, 1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0)| /* 00 */
		W(0x10, 1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0)| /* 10 */
		W(0x20, 1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0)| /* 20 */
		W(0x30, 1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0), /* 30 */
		W(0x40, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)| /* 40 */
		W(0x50, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)| /* 50 */
		W(0x60, 0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0)| /* 60 */
		W(0x70, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0), /* 70 */
		W(0x80, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)| /* 80 */
		W(0x90, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)| /* 90 */
		W(0xa0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)| /* a0 */
		W(0xb0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0), /* b0 */
		W(0xc0, 1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)| /* c0 */
		W(0xd0, 1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)| /* d0 */
		W(0xe0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)| /* e0 */
		W(0xf0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1)  /* f0 */
		/*      -------------------------------         */
		/*      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f         */
	};
	static const u64 twobyte_has_modrm[256 / 64] = {
		/*      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f         */
		/*      -------------------------------         */
		W(0x00, 1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1)| /* 0f */
		W(0x10, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)| /* 1f */
		W(0x20, 1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)| /* 2f */
		W(0x30, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0), /* 3f */
		W(0x40, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)| /* 4f */
		W(0x50, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)| /* 5f */
		W(0x60, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)| /* 6f */
		W(0x70, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1), /* 7f */
		W(0x80, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)| /* 8f */
		W(0x90, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)| /* 9f */
		W(0xa0, 0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1)| /* af */
		W(0xb0, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1), /* bf */
		W(0xc0, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)| /* cf */
		W(0xd0, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)| /* df */
		W(0xe0, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)| /* ef */
		W(0xf0, 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0)  /* ff */
		/*      -------------------------------         */
		/*      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f         */
	};
#undef	W
	int need_modrm;

	/* Skip legacy instruction prefixes.  */
	while (1) {
		switch (*insn) {
		case 0x66:
		case 0x67:
		case 0x2e:
		case 0x3e:
		case 0x26:
		case 0x64:
		case 0x65:
		case 0x36:
		case 0xf0:
		case 0xf3:
		case 0xf2:
			++insn;
			continue;
		}
		break;
	}

	/* Skip REX instruction prefix.  */
	if ((*insn & 0xf0) == 0x40)
		++insn;

	if (*insn == 0x0f) {	/* Two-byte opcode.  */
		++insn;
		need_modrm = test_bit(*insn, twobyte_has_modrm);
	} else {		/* One-byte opcode.  */
		need_modrm = test_bit(*insn, onebyte_has_modrm);
	}

	if (need_modrm) {
		u8 modrm = *++insn;
		if ((modrm & 0xc7) == 0x05) { /* %rip+disp32 addressing mode */
			/* Displacement follows ModRM byte.  */
			return (s32 *) ++insn;
		}
	}

	/* No %rip-relative addressing mode here.  */
	return NULL;
}

void __kprobes arch_copy_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	s32 *ripdisp;
	memcpy(p->ainsn.insn, p->addr, MAX_INSN_SIZE);
	ripdisp = is_riprel(p->ainsn.insn);
	if (ripdisp) {
		/*
		 * The copied instruction uses the %rip-relative
		 * addressing mode.  Adjust the displacement for the
		 * difference between the original location of this
		 * instruction and the location of the copy that will
		 * actually be run.  The tricky bit here is making sure
		 * that the sign extension happens correctly in this
		 * calculation, since we need a signed 32-bit result to
		 * be sign-extended to 64 bits when it's added to the
		 * %rip value and yield the same 64-bit result that the
		 * sign-extension of the original signed 32-bit
		 * displacement would have given.
		 */
		s64 disp = (u8 *) p->addr + *ripdisp - (u8 *) p->ainsn.insn;
		BUG_ON((s64) (s32) disp != disp); /* Sanity check.  */
		*ripdisp = disp;
	}
	p->opcode = *p->addr;
}

void __kprobes arch_arm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	*p->addr = BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION;
	flush_icache_range((unsigned long) p->addr,
			   (unsigned long) p->addr + sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
}

void __kprobes arch_disarm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	*p->addr = p->opcode;
	flush_icache_range((unsigned long) p->addr,
			   (unsigned long) p->addr + sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
}

void __kprobes arch_remove_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
	down(&kprobe_mutex);
	free_insn_slot(p->ainsn.insn);
	up(&kprobe_mutex);
}

static inline void save_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
	kcb->prev_kprobe.kp = kprobe_running();
	kcb->prev_kprobe.status = kcb->kprobe_status;
	kcb->prev_kprobe.old_rflags = kcb->kprobe_old_rflags;
	kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_rflags = kcb->kprobe_saved_rflags;
}

static inline void restore_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
	__get_cpu_var(current_kprobe) = kcb->prev_kprobe.kp;
	kcb->kprobe_status = kcb->prev_kprobe.status;
	kcb->kprobe_old_rflags = kcb->prev_kprobe.old_rflags;
	kcb->kprobe_saved_rflags = kcb->prev_kprobe.saved_rflags;
}

static inline void set_current_kprobe(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs,
				struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
	__get_cpu_var(current_kprobe) = p;
	kcb->kprobe_saved_rflags = kcb->kprobe_old_rflags
		= (regs->eflags & (TF_MASK | IF_MASK));
	if (is_IF_modifier(p->ainsn.insn))
		kcb->kprobe_saved_rflags &= ~IF_MASK;
}

static void __kprobes prepare_singlestep(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	regs->eflags |= TF_MASK;
	regs->eflags &= ~IF_MASK;
	/*single step inline if the instruction is an int3*/
	if (p->opcode == BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION)
		regs->rip = (unsigned long)p->addr;
	else
		regs->rip = (unsigned long)p->ainsn.insn;
}

/* Called with kretprobe_lock held */
void __kprobes arch_prepare_kretprobe(struct kretprobe *rp,
				      struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	unsigned long *sara = (unsigned long *)regs->rsp;
        struct kretprobe_instance *ri;

        if ((ri = get_free_rp_inst(rp)) != NULL) {
                ri->rp = rp;
                ri->task = current;
		ri->ret_addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *) *sara;

		/* Replace the return addr with trampoline addr */
		*sara = (unsigned long) &kretprobe_trampoline;

                add_rp_inst(ri);
        } else {
                rp->nmissed++;
        }
}

int __kprobes kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	struct kprobe *p;
	int ret = 0;
	kprobe_opcode_t *addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)(regs->rip - sizeof(kprobe_opcode_t));
	struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb;

	/*
	 * We don't want to be preempted for the entire
	 * duration of kprobe processing
	 */
	preempt_disable();
	kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();

	/* Check we're not actually recursing */
	if (kprobe_running()) {
		p = get_kprobe(addr);
		if (p) {
			if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_HIT_SS &&
				*p->ainsn.insn == BREAKPOINT_INSTRUCTION) {
				regs->eflags &= ~TF_MASK;
				regs->eflags |= kcb->kprobe_saved_rflags;
				goto no_kprobe;
			} else if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE) {
				/* TODO: Provide re-entrancy from
				 * post_kprobes_handler() and avoid exception
				 * stack corruption while single-stepping on
				 * the instruction of the new probe.
				 */
				arch_disarm_kprobe(p);
				regs->rip = (unsigned long)p->addr;
				reset_current_kprobe();
				ret = 1;
			} else {
				/* We have reentered the kprobe_handler(), since
				 * another probe was hit while within the
				 * handler. We here save the original kprobe
				 * variables and just single step on instruction
				 * of the new probe without calling any user
				 * handlers.
				 */
				save_previous_kprobe(kcb);
				set_current_kprobe(p, regs, kcb);
				kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p);
				prepare_singlestep(p, regs);
				kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_REENTER;
				return 1;
			}
		} else {
			p = __get_cpu_var(current_kprobe);
			if (p->break_handler && p->break_handler(p, regs)) {
				goto ss_probe;
			}
		}
		goto no_kprobe;
	}

	p = get_kprobe(addr);
	if (!p) {