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GNU Lesser Public LicenseVersion 2.1, February 1999Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USAEveryone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copiesof this license document, but changing it is not allowed.[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also countsas the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hencethe version number 2.1.]PreambleThe licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to shareand change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public Licenses are intended toguarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure thesoftware is free for all its users.This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some speciallydesignated software packages--typically libraries--of the Free SoftwareFoundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use it too, but wesuggest you first think carefully about whether this license or the ordinaryGeneral Public License is the better strategy to use in any particular case,based on the explanations below.When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use, not price.Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedomto distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish);that you receive source code or can get it if you want it; that you can changethe software and use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you areinformed that you can do these things.To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid distributors todeny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these rights. Theserestrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distributecopies of the library or if you modify it.For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis or for afee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave you. You must makesure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. If you link other codewith the library, you must provide complete object files to the recipients, sothat they can relink them with the library after making changes to the libraryand recompiling it. And you must show them these terms so they know theirrights.We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the library, and(2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal permission to copy,distribute and/or modify the library.To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that there is nowarranty for the free library. Also, if the library is modified by someone elseand passed on, the recipients should know that what they have is not theoriginal version, so that the original author's reputation will not be affectedby problems that might be introduced by others.Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of any freeprogram. We wish to make sure that a company cannot effectively restrict theusers of a free program by obtaining a restrictive license from a patent holder.Therefore, we insist that any patent license obtained for a version of thelibrary must be consistent with the full freedom of use specified in thislicense.Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the ordinary GNUGeneral Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser General Public License,applies to certain designated libraries, and is quite different from theordinary General Public License. We use this license for certain libraries inorder to permit linking those libraries into non-free programs.When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using a sharedlibrary, the combination of the two is legally speaking a combined work, aderivative of the original library. The ordinary General Public Licensetherefore permits such linking only if the entire combination fits its criteriaof freedom. The Lesser General Public License permits more lax criteria forlinking other code with the library.We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it does Less toprotect the user's freedom than the ordinary General Public License. It alsoprovides other free software developers Less of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages are the reason we use the ordinary GeneralPublic License for many libraries. However, the Lesser license providesadvantages in certain special circumstances.For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to encourage thewidest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes a de-factostandard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be allowed to use the library.A more frequent case is that a free library does the same job as widely usednon-free libraries. In this case, there is little to gain by limiting the freelibrary to free software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free programsenables a greater number of people to use a large body of free software. Forexample, permission to use the GNU C Library in non-free programs enables manymore people to use the whole GNU operating system, as well as its variant, theGNU/Linux operating system.Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the users'freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is linked with theLibrary has the freedom and the wherewithal to run that program using a modifiedversion of the Library.The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modificationfollow. Pay close attention to the difference between a "work based on thelibrary" and a "work that uses the library". The former contains code derivedfrom the library, whereas the latter must be combined with the library in orderto run.TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other program whichcontains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized partysaying it may be distributed under the terms of this Lesser General PublicLicense (also called "this License"). Each licensee is addressed as "you".A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data prepared so asto be conveniently linked with application programs (which use some of thosefunctions and data) to form executables.The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work which has beendistributed under these terms. A "work based on the Library" means either theLibrary or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a workcontaining the Library or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modificationsand/or translated straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter,translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".)"Source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for makingmodifications to it. For a library, complete source code means all the sourcecode for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definitionfiles, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of thelibrary.Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered bythis License; they are outside its scope. The act of running a program using theLibrary is not restricted, and output from such a program is covered only if itscontents constitute a work based on the Library (independent of the use of theLibrary in a tool for writing it). Whether that is true depends on what theLibrary does and what the program that uses the Library does.1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's complete sourcecode as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously andappropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice anddisclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this Licenseand to the absence of any warranty; and distribute a copy of this License alongwith the Library.You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may atyour option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion of it, thusforming a work based on the Library, and copy and distribute such modificationsor work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all ofthese conditions:a) The modified work must itself be a software library.b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices stating that youchanged the files and the date of any change.c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no charge to all thirdparties under the terms of this License.d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a table of datato be supplied by an application program that uses the facility, other than asan argument passed when the facility is invoked, then you must make a good faitheffort to ensure that, in the event an application does not supply such functionor table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of its purposeremains meaningful.(For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has a purpose thatis entirely well-defined independent of the application. Therefore, Subsection2d requires that any application-supplied function or table used by thisfunction must be optional: if the application does not supply it, the squareroot function must still compute square roots.)These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiablesections of that work are not derived from the Library, and can be reasonablyconsidered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, andits terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separateworks. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is awork based on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms ofthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole,and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest yourrights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise theright to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on theLibrary.In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library with theLibrary (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of a storage ordistribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of thisLicense.3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public Licenseinstead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do this, you mustalter all the notices that refer to this License, so that they refer to theordinary GNU General Public License, version 2, instead of to this License. (Ifa newer version than version 2 of the ordinary GNU General Public License hasappeared, then you can specify that version instead if you wish.) Do not makeany other change in these notices.Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for that copy, sothe ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all subsequent copies andderivative works made from that copy.This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of the Library intoa program that is not a library.4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or derivative of it,under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1and 2 above provided that you accompany it with the complete correspondingmachine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms ofSections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange.If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy from adesignated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code fromthe same place satisfies the requirement to distribute the source code, eventhough third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the objectcode.5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the Library, but isdesigned to work with the Library by being compiled or linked with it, is calleda "work that uses the Library". Such a work, in isolation, is not a derivativework of the Library, and therefore falls outside the scope of this License.However, linking a "work that uses the Library" with the Library creates anexecutable that is a derivative of the Library (because it contains portions ofthe Library), rather than a "work that uses the library". The executable istherefore covered by this License. Section 6 states terms for distribution ofsuch executables.

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