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gcc手册

<li><a href="Compound-Literals.html#Compound%20Literals">Compound Literals</a>
<li><a href="Designated-Inits.html#Designated%20Inits">Designated Initializers</a>
<li><a href="Case-Ranges.html#Case%20Ranges">Case Ranges</a>
<li><a href="Cast-to-Union.html#Cast%20to%20Union">Cast to a Union Type</a>
<li><a href="Mixed-Declarations.html#Mixed%20Declarations">Mixed Declarations and Code</a>
<li><a href="Function-Attributes.html#Function%20Attributes">Declaring Attributes of Functions</a>
<li><a href="Attribute-Syntax.html#Attribute%20Syntax">Attribute Syntax</a>
<li><a href="Function-Prototypes.html#Function%20Prototypes">Prototypes and Old-Style Function Definitions</a>
<li><a href="C---Comments.html#C++%20Comments">C++ Style Comments</a>
<li><a href="Dollar-Signs.html#Dollar%20Signs">Dollar Signs in Identifier Names</a>
<li><a href="Character-Escapes.html#Character%20Escapes">The Character &lt;ESC&gt; in Constants</a>
<li><a href="Alignment.html#Alignment">Inquiring on Alignment of Types or Variables</a>
<li><a href="Variable-Attributes.html#Variable%20Attributes">Specifying Attributes of Variables</a>
<li><a href="Type-Attributes.html#Type%20Attributes">Specifying Attributes of Types</a>
<li><a href="Inline.html#Inline">An Inline Function is As Fast As a Macro</a>
<li><a href="Extended-Asm.html#Extended%20Asm">Assembler Instructions with C Expression Operands</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Extended-Asm.html#Extended%20Asm">i386 floating point asm operands</a>
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<li><a href="Constraints.html#Constraints">Constraints for <code>asm</code> Operands</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Simple-Constraints.html#Simple%20Constraints">Simple Constraints</a>
<li><a href="Multi-Alternative.html#Multi-Alternative">Multiple Alternative Constraints</a>
<li><a href="Modifiers.html#Modifiers">Constraint Modifier Characters</a>
<li><a href="Machine-Constraints.html#Machine%20Constraints">Constraints for Particular Machines</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Asm-Labels.html#Asm%20Labels">Controlling Names Used in Assembler Code</a>
<li><a href="Explicit-Reg-Vars.html#Explicit%20Reg%20Vars">Variables in Specified Registers</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Global-Reg-Vars.html#Global%20Reg%20Vars">Defining Global Register Variables</a>
<li><a href="Local-Reg-Vars.html#Local%20Reg%20Vars">Specifying Registers for Local Variables</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Alternate-Keywords.html#Alternate%20Keywords">Alternate Keywords</a>
<li><a href="Incomplete-Enums.html#Incomplete%20Enums">Incomplete <code>enum</code> Types</a>
<li><a href="Function-Names.html#Function%20Names">Function Names as Strings</a>
<li><a href="Return-Address.html#Return%20Address">Getting the Return or Frame Address of a Function</a>
<li><a href="Vector-Extensions.html#Vector%20Extensions">Using vector instructions through built-in functions</a>
<li><a href="Other-Builtins.html#Other%20Builtins">Other built-in functions provided by GCC</a>
<li><a href="Target-Builtins.html#Target%20Builtins">Built-in Functions Specific to Particular Target Machines</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Alpha-Built-in-Functions.html#Alpha%20Built-in%20Functions">Alpha Built-in Functions</a>
<li><a href="X86-Built-in-Functions.html#X86%20Built-in%20Functions">X86 Built-in Functions</a>
<li><a href="PowerPC-AltiVec-Built-in-Functions.html#PowerPC%20AltiVec%20Built-in%20Functions">PowerPC AltiVec Built-in Functions</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Pragmas.html#Pragmas">Pragmas Accepted by GCC</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="ARM-Pragmas.html#ARM%20Pragmas">ARM Pragmas</a>
<li><a href="RS-6000-and-PowerPC-Pragmas.html#RS%2f6000%20and%20PowerPC%20Pragmas">RS/6000 and PowerPC Pragmas</a>
<li><a href="Darwin-Pragmas.html#Darwin%20Pragmas">Darwin Pragmas</a>
<li><a href="Solaris-Pragmas.html#Solaris%20Pragmas">Solaris Pragmas</a>
<li><a href="Tru64-Pragmas.html#Tru64%20Pragmas">Tru64 Pragmas</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Unnamed-Fields.html#Unnamed%20Fields">Unnamed struct/union fields within structs/unions.</a>
<li><a href="Thread-Local.html#Thread-Local">Thread-Local Storage</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="C99-Thread-Local-Edits.html#C99%20Thread-Local%20Edits">ISO/IEC 9899:1999 Edits for Thread-Local Storage</a>
<li><a href="C--98-Thread-Local-Edits.html#C++98%20Thread-Local%20Edits">ISO/IEC 14882:1998 Edits for Thread-Local Storage</a>
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_C++%20Extensions" href="C---Extensions.html#C++%20Extensions">Extensions to the C++ Language</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Min-and-Max.html#Min%20and%20Max">Minimum and Maximum Operators in C++</a>
<li><a href="Volatiles.html#Volatiles">When is a Volatile Object Accessed?</a>
<li><a href="Restricted-Pointers.html#Restricted%20Pointers">Restricting Pointer Aliasing</a>
<li><a href="Vague-Linkage.html#Vague%20Linkage">Vague Linkage</a>
<li><a href="C---Interface.html#C++%20Interface">Declarations and Definitions in One Header</a>
<li><a href="Template-Instantiation.html#Template%20Instantiation">Where's the Template?</a>
<li><a href="Bound-member-functions.html#Bound%20member%20functions">Extracting the function pointer from a bound pointer to member function</a>
<li><a href="C---Attributes.html#C++%20Attributes">C++-Specific Variable, Function, and Type Attributes</a>
<li><a href="Java-Exceptions.html#Java%20Exceptions">Java Exceptions</a>
<li><a href="Deprecated-Features.html#Deprecated%20Features">Deprecated Features</a>
<li><a href="Backwards-Compatibility.html#Backwards%20Compatibility">Backwards Compatibility</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Objective-C" href="Objective-C.html#Objective-C">GNU Objective-C runtime features</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Executing-code-before-main.html#Executing%20code%20before%20main"><code>+load</code>: Executing code before main</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="What-you-can-and-what-you-cannot-do-in--load.html#What%20you%20can%20and%20what%20you%20cannot%20do%20in%20+load">What you can and what you cannot do in <code>+load</code></a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Type-encoding.html#Type%20encoding">Type encoding</a>
<li><a href="Garbage-Collection.html#Garbage%20Collection">Garbage Collection</a>
<li><a href="Constant-string-objects.html#Constant%20string%20objects">Constant string objects</a>
<li><a href="compatibility_alias.html#compatibility_alias">compatibility_alias</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Compatibility" href="Compatibility.html#Compatibility">Binary Compatibility</a>
<li><a name="toc_Gcov" href="Gcov.html#Gcov"><code>gcov</code>--a Test Coverage Program</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Gcov-Intro.html#Gcov%20Intro">Introduction to <code>gcov</code></a>
<li><a href="Invoking-Gcov.html#Invoking%20Gcov">Invoking gcov</a>
<li><a href="Gcov-and-Optimization.html#Gcov%20and%20Optimization">Using <code>gcov</code> with GCC Optimization</a>
<li><a href="Gcov-Data-Files.html#Gcov%20Data%20Files">Brief description of <code>gcov</code> data files</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Trouble" href="Trouble.html#Trouble">Known Causes of Trouble with GCC</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Actual-Bugs.html#Actual%20Bugs">Actual Bugs We Haven't Fixed Yet</a>
<li><a href="Cross-Compiler-Problems.html#Cross-Compiler%20Problems">Cross-Compiler Problems</a>
<li><a href="Interoperation.html#Interoperation">Interoperation</a>
<li><a href="External-Bugs.html#External%20Bugs">Problems Compiling Certain Programs</a>
<li><a href="Incompatibilities.html#Incompatibilities">Incompatibilities of GCC</a>
<li><a href="Fixed-Headers.html#Fixed%20Headers">Fixed Header Files</a>
<li><a href="Standard-Libraries.html#Standard%20Libraries">Standard Libraries</a>
<li><a href="Disappointments.html#Disappointments">Disappointments and Misunderstandings</a>
<li><a href="C---Misunderstandings.html#C++%20Misunderstandings">Common Misunderstandings with GNU C++</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Static-Definitions.html#Static%20Definitions">Declare <em>and</em> Define Static Members</a>
<li><a href="Temporaries.html#Temporaries">Temporaries May Vanish Before You Expect</a>
<li><a href="Copy-Assignment.html#Copy%20Assignment">Implicit Copy-Assignment for Virtual Bases</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a href="Protoize-Caveats.html#Protoize%20Caveats">Caveats of using <code>protoize</code></a>
<li><a href="Non-bugs.html#Non-bugs">Certain Changes We Don't Want to Make</a>
<li><a href="Warnings-and-Errors.html#Warnings%20and%20Errors">Warning Messages and Error Messages</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Bugs" href="Bugs.html#Bugs">Reporting Bugs</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Bug-Criteria.html#Bug%20Criteria">Have You Found a Bug?</a>
<li><a href="Bug-Lists.html#Bug%20Lists">Where to Report Bugs</a>
<li><a href="Bug-Reporting.html#Bug%20Reporting">How to Report Bugs</a>
<li><a href="gccbug.html#gccbug">The gccbug script</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Service" href="Service.html#Service">How To Get Help with GCC</a>
<li><a name="toc_Contributing" href="Contributing.html#Contributing">Contributing to GCC Development</a>
<li><a name="toc_VMS" href="VMS.html#VMS">Using GCC on VMS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Global-Declarations.html#Global%20Declarations">Global Declarations and VMS</a>
<li><a href="VMS-Misc.html#VMS%20Misc">Other VMS Issues</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Funding" href="Funding.html#Funding">Funding Free Software</a>
<li><a name="toc_GNU%20Project" href="GNU-Project.html#GNU%20Project">The GNU Project and GNU/Linux</a>
<li><a name="toc_Copying" href="Copying.html#Copying">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Copying.html#Copying">Preamble</a>
<li><a href="Copying.html#Copying">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_GNU%20Free%20Documentation%20License" href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU%20Free%20Documentation%20License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU%20Free%20Documentation%20License">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a>
</li></ul>
<li><a name="toc_Contributors" href="Contributors.html#Contributors">Contributors to GCC</a>
<li><a name="toc_Option%20Index" href="Option-Index.html#Option%20Index">Option Index</a>
<li><a name="toc_Keyword%20Index" href="Keyword-Index.html#Keyword%20Index">Keyword Index</a>
</li></ul>
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Next:<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="G---and-GCC.html#G++%20and%20GCC">G++ and GCC</a>,
Up:<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="../index.html#DIR">(DIR)</a>
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<h2 class="unnumbered">Introduction</h2>

   <p>This manual documents how to use the GNU compilers,
as well as their features and incompatibilities, and how to report
bugs.  It corresponds to GCC version 3.3. 
The internals of the GNU compilers, including how to port them to new
targets and some information about how to write front ends for new
languages, are documented in a separate manual.  See <a href="../gccint/index.html#Top">Introduction</a>.

<ul class="menu">
<li><a accesskey="1" href="G---and-GCC.html#G++%20and%20GCC">G++ and GCC</a>:      You can compile C or C++ programs. 
<li><a accesskey="2" href="Standards.html#Standards">Standards</a>:        Language standards supported by GCC. 
<li><a accesskey="3" href="Invoking-GCC.html#Invoking%20GCC">Invoking GCC</a>:     Command options supported by <code>gcc</code>. 
<li><a accesskey="4" href="C-Implementation.html#C%20Implementation">C Implementation</a>:  How GCC implements the ISO C specification. 
<li><a accesskey="5" href="C-Extensions.html#C%20Extensions">C Extensions</a>:     GNU extensions to the C language family. 
<li><a accesskey="6" href="C---Extensions.html#C++%20Extensions">C++ Extensions</a>:   GNU extensions to the C++ language. 
<li><a accesskey="7" href="Objective-C.html#Objective-C">Objective-C</a>:      GNU Objective-C runtime features. 
<li><a accesskey="8" href="Compatibility.html#Compatibility">Compatibility</a>:    Binary Compatibility
<li><a accesskey="9" href="Gcov.html#Gcov">Gcov</a>:             <code>gcov</code>---a test coverage program. 
<li><a href="Trouble.html#Trouble">Trouble</a>:          If you have trouble using GCC. 
<li><a href="Bugs.html#Bugs">Bugs</a>:             How, why and where to report bugs. 
<li><a href="Service.html#Service">Service</a>:          How to find suppliers of support for GCC. 
<li><a href="Contributing.html#Contributing">Contributing</a>:     How to contribute to testing and developing GCC. 
<li><a href="VMS.html#VMS">VMS</a>:              Using GCC on VMS.

<p>
</p><li><a href="Funding.html#Funding">Funding</a>:          How to help assure funding for free software. 
<li><a href="GNU-Project.html#GNU%20Project">GNU Project</a>:      The GNU Project and GNU/Linux.

<p>
</p><li><a href="Copying.html#Copying">Copying</a>:          GNU General Public License says
                     how you can copy and share GCC. 
<li><a href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU%20Free%20Documentation%20License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>:  How you can copy and share this manual. 
<li><a href="Contributors.html#Contributors">Contributors</a>:     People who have contributed to GCC.

<p>
</p><li><a href="Option-Index.html#Option%20Index">Option Index</a>:     Index to command line options. 
<li><a href="Keyword-Index.html#Keyword%20Index">Keyword Index</a>:     Index of concepts and symbol names. 
</ul>

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