📄 第一节 mathematica快速入门.htm
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<P align=center class=MsoNormal style="text-align: center; line-height: 200%"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><a href="index.htm"><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">主目录</span></a><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">
| <a href="第一节%20Mathematica快速入门.htm">第一节</a>
| <a href="第二节%20用Mathematica求极限和求微分.htm">第二节</a> | <a href="第三节%20用Mathematica作积分计算.htm">第三节</a>
| <a href="第四节%20用Mathematica解方程和作级数运算.htm">第四节</a>
| <a href="第五节%20用Mathematica进行向量运算和作图.htm">第五节</a>
| <a href="第六节%20Mathematica编程基础.htm">第六节</a></span></font></P>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal style="text-align: center; line-height: 200%"> </P>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal style="text-align: center; line-height: 200%"><b><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman"><font color="#FF0000" size="6" face="楷体_GB2312">第一节</font></SPAN><font color="#FF0000" size="6" face="楷体_GB2312"><SPAN
lang=EN-US> Mathematica</SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">快速入门</SPAN></font></b></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="line-height: 200%"><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman"><b><font color="#FF0000" size="5" face="楷体_GB2312">一、<a name="算术运算">算术运算</a></font></b></SPAN></P>
<P align=left class=MsoNormal
style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%"><b><font face="楷体_GB2312"><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman"><font size="4">激活</font></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">Mathematica</font></SPAN><font size="4"><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">主工作窗口，可以发现其命令有两种输入方式：面板填写和命令书写方式</SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">。它们都是以键入</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US></SPAN></font><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4" color="#FF0000" face="楷体_GB2312"><u>SHIFT+ENTER</u></font></SPAN><font size="4"><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">来执行语句，在执行语句后，会加上提示符</SPAN></font><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">In[</font></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4">数字</font></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">]</font></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4">:=及</font></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">Out[</font></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4">数字</font></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">]</font></SPAN><font size="4"><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt">=字</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">样</SPAN>，</font><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">In[</font></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4">数字</font></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">]:</font></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4">=为输入提示符, </font></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">
Out[</font></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4">数字</font></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">]</font></SPAN><font size="4"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt">=为输出提示符，为计算机执行语句后自动生成，不用键入</SPAN><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">。面板填写方式比较简单直观，使用者只要选用相应的面板，按格式要求填写即可，使用</span></font><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">TAB</font></SPAN><font size="4"><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">键切换输入区域。如果要进行复杂的操作需要使用命令书写方式，本书只讨论命令书写方式（</SPAN>
<SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US></SPAN></font><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">Mathematica4.0</font></SPAN><font size="4"><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">为例）。</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US></SPAN></font><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">Mathematica</font></SPAN><font size="4"><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">系统<font color="#FF0000"><u>区分大小写</u></font>，</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US></SPAN></font><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">A</font></SPAN><font size="4"><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">和</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US></SPAN></font><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">a</font></SPAN><font size="4"><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ascii-font-family: Times New Roman">的含义是不同的。它</SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的<font color="#FF0000"><u>函数都以大写字母开头</u></font>的单词为函数名<SPAN
lang=EN-US>, </SPAN></SPAN></font><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4"> Plot3D, Plot, Eigenvalues, Cos</font></SPAN><font size="4"><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">等, 常数也是如此, 如</SPAN></font><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">Pi.</font></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4"> 函数名后的参数用</font></SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">[ ]</font></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4">括起,
逗号隔开.</font></SPAN></font></b></P>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal
style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><b><font size="4" face="楷体_GB2312"><IMG src="images/1.htm1.jpg"
v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="552" height="305"><O:P> </O:P></font></b></SPAN></P>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal
style="text-align: center; text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%"><SPAN
style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><b><font size="4" face="楷体_GB2312">图<SPAN lang=EN-US>
13-1</SPAN></font></b></SPAN></P>
<P align=left class=MsoNormal style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 17.95pt"><b><font face="楷体_GB2312"><SPAN
lang=EN-US><font size="4">Mathematica</font></SPAN><font size="4"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 的基本计算</SPAN><SPAN
lang=EN-US
style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><O:P>
</O:P></SPAN></font></font></b></P>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings"><font color="#FF0000">l</font></span><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><b><span style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4" face="宋体"><font color="#FF0000">整数精确计算，</font><br>
如果输入的式子中的数全都不含有小数点，则输出的结果是完全精确的（不管含有多少位，也可能是不可约分式）如：</font></span></b></SPAN></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%" align="left"><span lang="EN-US"><b><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4" face="宋体">In[3]:=3^100</font></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%" align="left"><span lang="EN-US"><b><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4" face="宋体">Out[3]=
515377520732011331036461129765621272702107522001</font></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%" align="left"><span lang="EN-US"><b><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4" face="宋体">In[4]:=1/3+2/7</font></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%" align="left"><span lang="EN-US"><b><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4" face="宋体">Out[4]=13/21</font></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%" align="left"><font color="#FF0000"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings">l</span></font><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><b><font color="#FF0000"><span style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><font size="4" face="楷体_GB2312"></font></span></font><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4" face="宋体"><font color="#FF0000">实数任意精度计算</font><br>
为了得到计算结果的近似值我们可以用以下函数：</font></span></b></SPAN></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%" align="left"><span lang="EN-US"><b><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4" face="宋体">In[5]:=N[1/3+2/7]</font></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%" align="left"><span lang="EN-US"><b><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4" face="宋体">Out[5]=0.619048</font></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%" align="left"><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><b><font size="4" face="宋体">这个函数可以得到任意精度的计算值，如：</font></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%" align="left"><span lang="EN-US"><b><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4" face="宋体">In[6]:=N[1/3+2/7,40]</font></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%" align="left"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><b><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4" face="宋体">Out[6]=0.619048……7(共40位)</font></span></b></SPAN></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%" align="left"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><b><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4" face="宋体">所以说Mathematica
比任何计算器的功能都强大。</font></span></b></SPAN></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 17.95pt; line-height: 200%" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Wingdings"><font color="#FF0000">l</font></span><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><b><span style="mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#FF0000" size="4" face="楷体_GB2312"></font></span><span style="mso-hansi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="4" face="宋体"><font color="#FF0000">复数运算，</font><br>
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