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📁 实用的离散数学课件
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      <p style="line-height: 150%" align="center"><font size="2">本 节 习 题</font> </p>
      <p style="line-height: 150%"  >1.试将&quot;苏格拉底论证&quot;符号化。</p>
      <p style="line-height: 150%"  >2.下列表达式中,哪一个是命题<br>
        (1)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/xiqu.gif" width="9" height="15">Q(x))<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">R<br>
        (2)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">Q(x))<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11"><img src="image/cunzai.gif" width="7" height="11" >xS(x)<br>
        (3)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">Q(x))<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">s(x)</p>
      <p style="line-height: 150%"  >3.指出下列表达式中的自由变元和约束变元,并指明量词的辖域:<br>
        (1)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">R(x))<img src="image/yunhan.gif" width="15" height="9">(<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">xP(x)<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">Q(x)) 
        <br>
        (2)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11"><img src="image/cunzai.gif" width="7" height="11" >xQ(x))<img src="image/xiqu.gif" width="9" height="15">(<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">xP(x)<img src="image/yunhan.gif" width="15" height="9">Q(x))<br>
        (3)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/dengtong.gif" width="16" height="9">Q(x)<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11"><img src="image/cunzai.gif" width="7" height="11" >xR(x))<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">S(x)</p>
      <p style="line-height: 150%"  >4.设个体域 E 是整数集合。令:<br> 
        P(x,y,z):xy=z<br> 
        E(x,y):x=y<br> 
        G(x,y):x&gt;y<br> 
        试符号化下列命题:<br> 
        (1)如果 y=1,则对于任何 x 都有 xy=x<br> 
        (2)如果 xy<img src="image/budeng.GIF" width="14" height="14">0,则  
        x<img src="image/budeng.GIF" width="14" height="14">0  
        和 y<img src="image/budeng.GIF" width="14" height="14">0<br> 
        (3)如果 xy=0,则 x=0 或 y=0<br> 
        (4)x <img src="image/xiaodeng.GIF" width="9" height="10" >y  
        和 y <img src="image/xiaodeng.GIF" width="9" height="10" >x  
        是 y=x 的充分条件<br> 
        (5)如果 x&lt;y 和 z&lt;0,则 xz&gt;yz<br> 
        (6)如果 x&lt;y,则对于一些 z 能使 z&lt;0 和 xz&gt;yz</p> 
      <p style="line-height: 150%"  >5.求下列各式的真值:<br> 
        (1)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/xiqu.gif" width="9" height="15">Q(x)),其中  
        P(x):x=1,Q(x):x=2。个体域是{1,2}<br>
        (2)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P<img src="image/yunhan.gif" width="15" height="9">Q(x))<img src="image/xiqu.gif" width="9" height="15">R(a),其中  
        P:2&gt;1,Q(x):x <img src="image/xiaodeng.GIF" width="9" height="10" >3,R(x):x&gt;5,a:5。个体域是{-2,3,6}<br>
        (3)<img src="image/cunzai.gif" width="7" height="11" >x(P(x)<img src="image/yunhan.gif" width="15" height="9">Q(x))<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">T,其中  
        P(x):x&gt;2。 Q(x):x=0,T 是任何永真式。个体域是{1}</p>
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