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<p style="line-height: 150%" align="center"><font size="2">本 节 习 题</font> </p>
<p style="line-height: 150%" >1.试将"苏格拉底论证"符号化。</p>
<p style="line-height: 150%" >2.下列表达式中,哪一个是命题<br>
(1)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/xiqu.gif" width="9" height="15">Q(x))<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">R<br>
(2)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">Q(x))<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11"><img src="image/cunzai.gif" width="7" height="11" >xS(x)<br>
(3)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">Q(x))<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">s(x)</p>
<p style="line-height: 150%" >3.指出下列表达式中的自由变元和约束变元,并指明量词的辖域:<br>
(1)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">R(x))<img src="image/yunhan.gif" width="15" height="9">(<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">xP(x)<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">Q(x))
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(2)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11"><img src="image/cunzai.gif" width="7" height="11" >xQ(x))<img src="image/xiqu.gif" width="9" height="15">(<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">xP(x)<img src="image/yunhan.gif" width="15" height="9">Q(x))<br>
(3)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/dengtong.gif" width="16" height="9">Q(x)<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11"><img src="image/cunzai.gif" width="7" height="11" >xR(x))<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">S(x)</p>
<p style="line-height: 150%" >4.设个体域 E 是整数集合。令:<br>
P(x,y,z):xy=z<br>
E(x,y):x=y<br>
G(x,y):x>y<br>
试符号化下列命题:<br>
(1)如果 y=1,则对于任何 x 都有 xy=x<br>
(2)如果 xy<img src="image/budeng.GIF" width="14" height="14">0,则
x<img src="image/budeng.GIF" width="14" height="14">0
和 y<img src="image/budeng.GIF" width="14" height="14">0<br>
(3)如果 xy=0,则 x=0 或 y=0<br>
(4)x <img src="image/xiaodeng.GIF" width="9" height="10" >y
和 y <img src="image/xiaodeng.GIF" width="9" height="10" >x
是 y=x 的充分条件<br>
(5)如果 x<y 和 z<0,则 xz>yz<br>
(6)如果 x<y,则对于一些 z 能使 z<0 和 xz>yz</p>
<p style="line-height: 150%" >5.求下列各式的真值:<br>
(1)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P(x)<img src="image/xiqu.gif" width="9" height="15">Q(x)),其中
P(x):x=1,Q(x):x=2。个体域是{1,2}<br>
(2)<img src="image/renyi.gif" width="9" height="11">x(P<img src="image/yunhan.gif" width="15" height="9">Q(x))<img src="image/xiqu.gif" width="9" height="15">R(a),其中
P:2>1,Q(x):x <img src="image/xiaodeng.GIF" width="9" height="10" >3,R(x):x>5,a:5。个体域是{-2,3,6}<br>
(3)<img src="image/cunzai.gif" width="7" height="11" >x(P(x)<img src="image/yunhan.gif" width="15" height="9">Q(x))<img src="image/hequ.gif" width="9" height="11">T,其中
P(x):x>2。 Q(x):x=0,T 是任何永真式。个体域是{1}</p>
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