tree234.c

一个支持FTP,SFTP的客户端程序

 * Test code for the 2-3-4 tree. This code maintains an alternative
 * representation of the data in the tree, in an array (using the
 * obvious and slow insert and delete functions). After each tree
 * operation, the verify() function is called, which ensures all
 * the tree properties are preserved:
 *  - node->child->parent always equals node
 *  - tree->root->parent always equals NULL
 *  - number of kids == 0 or number of elements + 1;
 *  - tree has the same depth everywhere
 *  - every node has at least one element
 *  - subtree element counts are accurate
 *  - any NULL kid pointer is accompanied by a zero count
 *  - in a sorted tree: ordering property between elements of a
 *    node and elements of its children is preserved
 * and also ensures the list represented by the tree is the same
 * list it should be. (This last check also doubly verifies the
 * ordering properties, because the `same list it should be' is by
 * definition correctly ordered. It also ensures all nodes are
 * distinct, because the enum functions would get caught in a loop
 * if not.)
 */

#include <stdarg.h>

/*
 * Error reporting function.
 */
void error(char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    printf("ERROR: ");
    va_start(ap, fmt);
    vfprintf(stdout, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    printf("\n");
}

/* The array representation of the data. */
void **array;
int arraylen, arraysize;
cmpfn234 cmp;

/* The tree representation of the same data. */
tree234 *tree;

typedef struct {
    int treedepth;
    int elemcount;
} chkctx;

int chknode(chkctx * ctx, int level, node234 * node,
	    void *lowbound, void *highbound)
{
    int nkids, nelems;
    int i;
    int count;

    /* Count the non-NULL kids. */
    for (nkids = 0; nkids < 4 && node->kids[nkids]; nkids++);
    /* Ensure no kids beyond the first NULL are non-NULL. */
    for (i = nkids; i < 4; i++)
	if (node->kids[i]) {
	    error("node %p: nkids=%d but kids[%d] non-NULL",
		  node, nkids, i);
	} else if (node->counts[i]) {
	    error("node %p: kids[%d] NULL but count[%d]=%d nonzero",
		  node, i, i, node->counts[i]);
	}

    /* Count the non-NULL elements. */
    for (nelems = 0; nelems < 3 && node->elems[nelems]; nelems++);
    /* Ensure no elements beyond the first NULL are non-NULL. */
    for (i = nelems; i < 3; i++)
	if (node->elems[i]) {
	    error("node %p: nelems=%d but elems[%d] non-NULL",
		  node, nelems, i);
	}

    if (nkids == 0) {
	/*
	 * If nkids==0, this is a leaf node; verify that the tree
	 * depth is the same everywhere.
	 */
	if (ctx->treedepth < 0)
	    ctx->treedepth = level;    /* we didn't know the depth yet */
	else if (ctx->treedepth != level)
	    error("node %p: leaf at depth %d, previously seen depth %d",
		  node, level, ctx->treedepth);
    } else {
	/*
	 * If nkids != 0, then it should be nelems+1, unless nelems
	 * is 0 in which case nkids should also be 0 (and so we
	 * shouldn't be in this condition at all).
	 */
	int shouldkids = (nelems ? nelems + 1 : 0);
	if (nkids != shouldkids) {
	    error("node %p: %d elems should mean %d kids but has %d",
		  node, nelems, shouldkids, nkids);
	}
    }

    /*
     * nelems should be at least 1.
     */
    if (nelems == 0) {
	error("node %p: no elems", node, nkids);
    }

    /*
     * Add nelems to the running element count of the whole tree.
     */
    ctx->elemcount += nelems;

    /*
     * Check ordering property: all elements should be strictly >
     * lowbound, strictly < highbound, and strictly < each other in
     * sequence. (lowbound and highbound are NULL at edges of tree
     * - both NULL at root node - and NULL is considered to be <
     * everything and > everything. IYSWIM.)
     */
    if (cmp) {
	for (i = -1; i < nelems; i++) {
	    void *lower = (i == -1 ? lowbound : node->elems[i]);
	    void *higher =
		(i + 1 == nelems ? highbound : node->elems[i + 1]);
	    if (lower && higher && cmp(lower, higher) >= 0) {
		error("node %p: kid comparison [%d=%s,%d=%s] failed",
		      node, i, lower, i + 1, higher);
	    }
	}
    }

    /*
     * Check parent pointers: all non-NULL kids should have a
     * parent pointer coming back to this node.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < nkids; i++)
	if (node->kids[i]->parent != node) {
	    error("node %p kid %d: parent ptr is %p not %p",
		  node, i, node->kids[i]->parent, node);
	}


    /*
     * Now (finally!) recurse into subtrees.
     */
    count = nelems;

    for (i = 0; i < nkids; i++) {
	void *lower = (i == 0 ? lowbound : node->elems[i - 1]);
	void *higher = (i >= nelems ? highbound : node->elems[i]);
	int subcount =
	    chknode(ctx, level + 1, node->kids[i], lower, higher);
	if (node->counts[i] != subcount) {
	    error("node %p kid %d: count says %d, subtree really has %d",
		  node, i, node->counts[i], subcount);
	}
	count += subcount;
    }

    return count;
}

void verify(void)
{
    chkctx ctx;
    int i;
    void *p;

    ctx.treedepth = -1;		       /* depth unknown yet */
    ctx.elemcount = 0;		       /* no elements seen yet */
    /*
     * Verify validity of tree properties.
     */
    if (tree->root) {
	if (tree->root->parent != NULL)
	    error("root->parent is %p should be null", tree->root->parent);
	chknode(&ctx, 0, tree->root, NULL, NULL);
    }
    printf("tree depth: %d\n", ctx.treedepth);
    /*
     * Enumerate the tree and ensure it matches up to the array.
     */
    for (i = 0; NULL != (p = index234(tree, i)); i++) {
	if (i >= arraylen)
	    error("tree contains more than %d elements", arraylen);
	if (array[i] != p)
	    error("enum at position %d: array says %s, tree says %s",
		  i, array[i], p);
    }
    if (ctx.elemcount != i) {
	error("tree really contains %d elements, enum gave %d",
	      ctx.elemcount, i);
    }
    if (i < arraylen) {
	error("enum gave only %d elements, array has %d", i, arraylen);
    }
    i = count234(tree);
    if (ctx.elemcount != i) {
	error("tree really contains %d elements, count234 gave %d",
	      ctx.elemcount, i);
    }
}

void internal_addtest(void *elem, int index, void *realret)
{
    int i, j;
    void *retval;

    if (arraysize < arraylen + 1) {
	arraysize = arraylen + 1 + 256;
	array = sresize(array, arraysize, void *);
    }

    i = index;
    /* now i points to the first element >= elem */
    retval = elem;		       /* expect elem returned (success) */
    for (j = arraylen; j > i; j--)
	array[j] = array[j - 1];
    array[i] = elem;		       /* add elem to array */
    arraylen++;

    if (realret != retval) {
	error("add: retval was %p expected %p", realret, retval);
    }

    verify();
}

void addtest(void *elem)
{
    int i;
    void *realret;

    realret = add234(tree, elem);

    i = 0;
    while (i < arraylen && cmp(elem, array[i]) > 0)
	i++;
    if (i < arraylen && !cmp(elem, array[i])) {
	void *retval = array[i];       /* expect that returned not elem */
	if (realret != retval) {
	    error("add: retval was %p expected %p", realret, retval);
	}
    } else
	internal_addtest(elem, i, realret);
}

void addpostest(void *elem, int i)
{
    void *realret;

    realret = addpos234(tree, elem, i);

    internal_addtest(elem, i, realret);
}

void delpostest(int i)
{
    int index = i;
    void *elem = array[i], *ret;

    /* i points to the right element */
    while (i < arraylen - 1) {
	array[i] = array[i + 1];
	i++;
    }
    arraylen--;			       /* delete elem from array */

    if (tree->cmp)
	ret = del234(tree, elem);
    else
	ret = delpos234(tree, index);

    if (ret != elem) {
	error("del returned %p, expected %p", ret, elem);
    }

    verify();
}

void deltest(void *elem)
{
    int i;

    i = 0;
    while (i < arraylen && cmp(elem, array[i]) > 0)
	i++;
    if (i >= arraylen || cmp(elem, array[i]) != 0)
	return;			       /* don't do it! */
    delpostest(i);
}

/* A sample data set and test utility. Designed for pseudo-randomness,
 * and yet repeatability. */

/*
 * This random number generator uses the `portable implementation'
 * given in ANSI C99 draft N869. It assumes `unsigned' is 32 bits;
 * change it if not.
 */
int randomnumber(unsigned *seed)
{
    *seed *= 1103515245;
    *seed += 12345;
    return ((*seed) / 65536) % 32768;
}

int mycmp(void *av, void *bv)
{
    char const *a = (char const *) av;
    char const *b = (char const *) bv;
    return strcmp(a, b);
}

#define lenof(x) ( sizeof((x)) / sizeof(*(x)) )

char *strings[] = {
    "a", "ab", "absque", "coram", "de",
    "palam", "clam", "cum", "ex", "e",
    "sine", "tenus", "pro", "prae",
    "banana", "carrot", "cabbage", "broccoli", "onion", "zebra",
    "penguin", "blancmange", "pangolin", "whale", "hedgehog",
    "giraffe", "peanut", "bungee", "foo", "bar", "baz", "quux",
    "murfl", "spoo", "breen", "flarn", "octothorpe",
    "snail", "tiger", "elephant", "octopus", "warthog", "armadillo",
    "aardvark", "wyvern", "dragon", "elf", "dwarf", "orc", "goblin",
    "pixie", "basilisk", "warg", "ape", "lizard", "newt", "shopkeeper",
    "wand", "ring", "amulet"
};

#define NSTR lenof(strings)

int findtest(void)
{
    const static int rels[] = {
	REL234_EQ, REL234_GE, REL234_LE, REL234_LT, REL234_GT
    };
    const static char *const relnames[] = {
	"EQ", "GE", "LE", "LT", "GT"
    };
    int i, j, rel, index;
    char *p, *ret, *realret, *realret2;
    int lo, hi, mid, c;

    for (i = 0; i < NSTR; i++) {
	p = strings[i];
	for (j = 0; j < sizeof(rels) / sizeof(*rels); j++) {
	    rel = rels[j];

	    lo = 0;
	    hi = arraylen - 1;
	    while (lo <= hi) {
		mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
		c = strcmp(p, array[mid]);
		if (c < 0)
		    hi = mid - 1;
		else if (c > 0)
		    lo = mid + 1;
		else
		    break;
	    }

	    if (c == 0) {
		if (rel == REL234_LT)
		    ret = (mid > 0 ? array[--mid] : NULL);
		else if (rel == REL234_GT)
		    ret = (mid < arraylen - 1 ? array[++mid] : NULL);
		else
		    ret = array[mid];
	    } else {
		assert(lo == hi + 1);
		if (rel == REL234_LT || rel == REL234_LE) {
		    mid = hi;
		    ret = (hi >= 0 ? array[hi] : NULL);
		} else if (rel == REL234_GT || rel == REL234_GE) {
		    mid = lo;
		    ret = (lo < arraylen ? array[lo] : NULL);
		} else
		    ret = NULL;
	    }

	    realret = findrelpos234(tree, p, NULL, rel, &index);
	    if (realret != ret) {
		error("find(\"%s\",%s) gave %s should be %s",
		      p, relnames[j], realret, ret);
	    }
	    if (realret && index != mid) {
		error("find(\"%s\",%s) gave %d should be %d",
		      p, relnames[j], index, mid);
	    }
	    if (realret && rel == REL234_EQ) {
		realret2 = index234(tree, index);
		if (realret2 != realret) {
		    error("find(\"%s\",%s) gave %s(%d) but %d -> %s",
			  p, relnames[j], realret, index, index, realret2);
		}
	    }
#if 0
	    printf("find(\"%s\",%s) gave %s(%d)\n", p, relnames[j],
		   realret, index);
#endif
	}
    }

    realret = findrelpos234(tree, NULL, NULL, REL234_GT, &index);
    if (arraylen && (realret != array[0] || index != 0)) {
	error("find(NULL,GT) gave %s(%d) should be %s(0)",
	      realret, index, array[0]);
    } else if (!arraylen && (realret != NULL)) {
	error("find(NULL,GT) gave %s(%d) should be NULL", realret, index);
    }

    realret = findrelpos234(tree, NULL, NULL, REL234_LT, &index);
    if (arraylen
	&& (realret != array[arraylen - 1] || index != arraylen - 1)) {
	error("find(NULL,LT) gave %s(%d) should be %s(0)", realret, index,
	      array[arraylen - 1]);
    } else if (!arraylen && (realret != NULL)) {
	error("find(NULL,LT) gave %s(%d) should be NULL", realret, index);
    }
}

int main(void)
{
    int in[NSTR];
    int i, j, k;
    unsigned seed = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < NSTR; i++)
	in[i] = 0;
    array = NULL;
    arraylen = arraysize = 0;
    tree = newtree234(mycmp);
    cmp = mycmp;

    verify();
    for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
	j = randomnumber(&seed);
	j %= NSTR;
	printf("trial: %d\n", i);
	if (in[j]) {
	    printf("deleting %s (%d)\n", strings[j], j);
	    deltest(strings[j]);
	    in[j] = 0;
	} else {
	    printf("adding %s (%d)\n", strings[j], j);
	    addtest(strings[j]);
	    in[j] = 1;
	}
	findtest();
    }

    while (arraylen > 0) {
	j = randomnumber(&seed);
	j %= arraylen;
	deltest(array[j]);
    }

    freetree234(tree);

    /*
     * Now try an unsorted tree. We don't really need to test
     * delpos234 because we know del234 is based on it, so it's
     * already been tested in the above sorted-tree code; but for
     * completeness we'll use it to tear down our unsorted tree
     * once we've built it.
     */
    tree = newtree234(NULL);
    cmp = NULL;
    verify();
    for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
	printf("trial: %d\n", i);
	j = randomnumber(&seed);
	j %= NSTR;
	k = randomnumber(&seed);
	k %= count234(tree) + 1;
	printf("adding string %s at index %d\n", strings[j], k);
	addpostest(strings[j], k);
    }
    while (count234(tree) > 0) {
	printf("cleanup: tree size %d\n", count234(tree));
	j = randomnumber(&seed);
	j %= count234(tree);
	printf("deleting string %s from index %d\n", array[j], j);
	delpostest(j);
    }

    return 0;
}

#endif