tree234.c

一个支持FTP,SFTP的客户端程序

/*
 * tree234.c: reasonably generic counted 2-3-4 tree routines.
 * 
 * This file is copyright 1999-2001 Simon Tatham.
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
 * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
 * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
 * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
 * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
 * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
 * conditions:
 * 
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
 * NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL SIMON TATHAM BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
 * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>

#include "puttymem.h"
#include "tree234.h"

#ifdef TEST
#define LOG(x) (printf x)
#else
#define LOG(x)
#endif

typedef struct node234_Tag node234;

struct tree234_Tag {
    node234 *root;
    cmpfn234 cmp;
};

struct node234_Tag {
    node234 *parent;
    node234 *kids[4];
    int counts[4];
    void *elems[3];
};

/*
 * Create a 2-3-4 tree.
 */
tree234 *newtree234(cmpfn234 cmp)
{
    tree234 *ret = snew(tree234);
    LOG(("created tree %p\n", ret));
    ret->root = NULL;
    ret->cmp = cmp;
    return ret;
}

/*
 * Free a 2-3-4 tree (not including freeing the elements).
 */
static void freenode234(node234 * n)
{
    if (!n)
	return;
    freenode234(n->kids[0]);
    freenode234(n->kids[1]);
    freenode234(n->kids[2]);
    freenode234(n->kids[3]);
    sfree(n);
}

void freetree234(tree234 * t)
{
    freenode234(t->root);
    sfree(t);
}

/*
 * Internal function to count a node.
 */
static int countnode234(node234 * n)
{
    int count = 0;
    int i;
    if (!n)
	return 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	count += n->counts[i];
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	if (n->elems[i])
	    count++;
    return count;
}

/*
 * Count the elements in a tree.
 */
int count234(tree234 * t)
{
    if (t->root)
	return countnode234(t->root);
    else
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Add an element e to a 2-3-4 tree t. Returns e on success, or if
 * an existing element compares equal, returns that.
 */
static void *add234_internal(tree234 * t, void *e, int index)
{
    node234 *n, **np, *left, *right;
    void *orig_e = e;
    int c, lcount, rcount;

    LOG(("adding node %p to tree %p\n", e, t));
    if (t->root == NULL) {
	t->root = snew(node234);
	t->root->elems[1] = t->root->elems[2] = NULL;
	t->root->kids[0] = t->root->kids[1] = NULL;
	t->root->kids[2] = t->root->kids[3] = NULL;
	t->root->counts[0] = t->root->counts[1] = 0;
	t->root->counts[2] = t->root->counts[3] = 0;
	t->root->parent = NULL;
	t->root->elems[0] = e;
	LOG(("  created root %p\n", t->root));
	return orig_e;
    }

    np = &t->root;
    while (*np) {
	int childnum;
	n = *np;
	LOG(("  node %p: %p/%d [%p] %p/%d [%p] %p/%d [%p] %p/%d\n",
	     n,
	     n->kids[0], n->counts[0], n->elems[0],
	     n->kids[1], n->counts[1], n->elems[1],
	     n->kids[2], n->counts[2], n->elems[2],
	     n->kids[3], n->counts[3]));
	if (index >= 0) {
	    if (!n->kids[0]) {
		/*
		 * Leaf node. We want to insert at kid position
		 * equal to the index:
		 * 
		 *   0 A 1 B 2 C 3
		 */
		childnum = index;
	    } else {
		/*
		 * Internal node. We always descend through it (add
		 * always starts at the bottom, never in the
		 * middle).
		 */
		do {		       /* this is a do ... while (0) to allow `break' */
		    if (index <= n->counts[0]) {
			childnum = 0;
			break;
		    }
		    index -= n->counts[0] + 1;
		    if (index <= n->counts[1]) {
			childnum = 1;
			break;
		    }
		    index -= n->counts[1] + 1;
		    if (index <= n->counts[2]) {
			childnum = 2;
			break;
		    }
		    index -= n->counts[2] + 1;
		    if (index <= n->counts[3]) {
			childnum = 3;
			break;
		    }
		    return NULL;       /* error: index out of range */
		} while (0);
	    }
	} else {
	    if ((c = t->cmp(e, n->elems[0])) < 0)
		childnum = 0;
	    else if (c == 0)
		return n->elems[0];    /* already exists */
	    else if (n->elems[1] == NULL
		     || (c = t->cmp(e, n->elems[1])) < 0) childnum = 1;
	    else if (c == 0)
		return n->elems[1];    /* already exists */
	    else if (n->elems[2] == NULL
		     || (c = t->cmp(e, n->elems[2])) < 0) childnum = 2;
	    else if (c == 0)
		return n->elems[2];    /* already exists */
	    else
		childnum = 3;
	}
	np = &n->kids[childnum];
	LOG(("  moving to child %d (%p)\n", childnum, *np));
    }

    /*
     * We need to insert the new element in n at position np.
     */
    left = NULL;
    lcount = 0;
    right = NULL;
    rcount = 0;
    while (n) {
	LOG(("  at %p: %p/%d [%p] %p/%d [%p] %p/%d [%p] %p/%d\n",
	     n,
	     n->kids[0], n->counts[0], n->elems[0],
	     n->kids[1], n->counts[1], n->elems[1],
	     n->kids[2], n->counts[2], n->elems[2],
	     n->kids[3], n->counts[3]));
	LOG(("  need to insert %p/%d [%p] %p/%d at position %d\n",
	     left, lcount, e, right, rcount, np - n->kids));
	if (n->elems[1] == NULL) {
	    /*
	     * Insert in a 2-node; simple.
	     */
	    if (np == &n->kids[0]) {
		LOG(("  inserting on left of 2-node\n"));
		n->kids[2] = n->kids[1];
		n->counts[2] = n->counts[1];
		n->elems[1] = n->elems[0];
		n->kids[1] = right;
		n->counts[1] = rcount;
		n->elems[0] = e;
		n->kids[0] = left;
		n->counts[0] = lcount;
	    } else {		       /* np == &n->kids[1] */
		LOG(("  inserting on right of 2-node\n"));
		n->kids[2] = right;
		n->counts[2] = rcount;
		n->elems[1] = e;
		n->kids[1] = left;
		n->counts[1] = lcount;
	    }
	    if (n->kids[0])
		n->kids[0]->parent = n;
	    if (n->kids[1])
		n->kids[1]->parent = n;
	    if (n->kids[2])
		n->kids[2]->parent = n;
	    LOG(("  done\n"));
	    break;
	} else if (n->elems[2] == NULL) {
	    /*
	     * Insert in a 3-node; simple.
	     */
	    if (np == &n->kids[0]) {
		LOG(("  inserting on left of 3-node\n"));
		n->kids[3] = n->kids[2];
		n->counts[3] = n->counts[2];
		n->elems[2] = n->elems[1];
		n->kids[2] = n->kids[1];
		n->counts[2] = n->counts[1];
		n->elems[1] = n->elems[0];
		n->kids[1] = right;
		n->counts[1] = rcount;
		n->elems[0] = e;
		n->kids[0] = left;
		n->counts[0] = lcount;
	    } else if (np == &n->kids[1]) {
		LOG(("  inserting in middle of 3-node\n"));
		n->kids[3] = n->kids[2];
		n->counts[3] = n->counts[2];
		n->elems[2] = n->elems[1];
		n->kids[2] = right;
		n->counts[2] = rcount;
		n->elems[1] = e;
		n->kids[1] = left;
		n->counts[1] = lcount;
	    } else {		       /* np == &n->kids[2] */
		LOG(("  inserting on right of 3-node\n"));
		n->kids[3] = right;
		n->counts[3] = rcount;
		n->elems[2] = e;
		n->kids[2] = left;
		n->counts[2] = lcount;
	    }
	    if (n->kids[0])
		n->kids[0]->parent = n;
	    if (n->kids[1])
		n->kids[1]->parent = n;
	    if (n->kids[2])
		n->kids[2]->parent = n;
	    if (n->kids[3])
		n->kids[3]->parent = n;
	    LOG(("  done\n"));
	    break;
	} else {
	    node234 *m = snew(node234);
	    m->parent = n->parent;
	    LOG(("  splitting a 4-node; created new node %p\n", m));
	    /*
	     * Insert in a 4-node; split into a 2-node and a
	     * 3-node, and move focus up a level.
	     * 
	     * I don't think it matters which way round we put the
	     * 2 and the 3. For simplicity, we'll put the 3 first
	     * always.
	     */
	    if (np == &n->kids[0]) {
		m->kids[0] = left;
		m->counts[0] = lcount;
		m->elems[0] = e;
		m->kids[1] = right;
		m->counts[1] = rcount;
		m->elems[1] = n->elems[0];
		m->kids[2] = n->kids[1];
		m->counts[2] = n->counts[1];
		e = n->elems[1];
		n->kids[0] = n->kids[2];
		n->counts[0] = n->counts[2];
		n->elems[0] = n->elems[2];
		n->kids[1] = n->kids[3];
		n->counts[1] = n->counts[3];
	    } else if (np == &n->kids[1]) {
		m->kids[0] = n->kids[0];
		m->counts[0] = n->counts[0];
		m->elems[0] = n->elems[0];
		m->kids[1] = left;
		m->counts[1] = lcount;
		m->elems[1] = e;
		m->kids[2] = right;
		m->counts[2] = rcount;
		e = n->elems[1];
		n->kids[0] = n->kids[2];
		n->counts[0] = n->counts[2];
		n->elems[0] = n->elems[2];
		n->kids[1] = n->kids[3];
		n->counts[1] = n->counts[3];
	    } else if (np == &n->kids[2]) {
		m->kids[0] = n->kids[0];
		m->counts[0] = n->counts[0];
		m->elems[0] = n->elems[0];
		m->kids[1] = n->kids[1];
		m->counts[1] = n->counts[1];
		m->elems[1] = n->elems[1];
		m->kids[2] = left;
		m->counts[2] = lcount;
		/* e = e; */
		n->kids[0] = right;
		n->counts[0] = rcount;
		n->elems[0] = n->elems[2];
		n->kids[1] = n->kids[3];
		n->counts[1] = n->counts[3];
	    } else {		       /* np == &n->kids[3] */
		m->kids[0] = n->kids[0];
		m->counts[0] = n->counts[0];
		m->elems[0] = n->elems[0];
		m->kids[1] = n->kids[1];
		m->counts[1] = n->counts[1];
		m->elems[1] = n->elems[1];
		m->kids[2] = n->kids[2];
		m->counts[2] = n->counts[2];
		n->kids[0] = left;
		n->counts[0] = lcount;
		n->elems[0] = e;
		n->kids[1] = right;
		n->counts[1] = rcount;
		e = n->elems[2];
	    }
	    m->kids[3] = n->kids[3] = n->kids[2] = NULL;
	    m->counts[3] = n->counts[3] = n->counts[2] = 0;
	    m->elems[2] = n->elems[2] = n->elems[1] = NULL;
	    if (m->kids[0])
		m->kids[0]->parent = m;
	    if (m->kids[1])
		m->kids[1]->parent = m;
	    if (m->kids[2])
		m->kids[2]->parent = m;
	    if (n->kids[0])
		n->kids[0]->parent = n;
	    if (n->kids[1])
		n->kids[1]->parent = n;
	    LOG(("  left (%p): %p/%d [%p] %p/%d [%p] %p/%d\n", m,
		 m->kids[0], m->counts[0], m->elems[0],
		 m->kids[1], m->counts[1], m->elems[1],
		 m->kids[2], m->counts[2]));
	    LOG(("  right (%p): %p/%d [%p] %p/%d\n", n,
		 n->kids[0], n->counts[0], n->elems[0],
		 n->kids[1], n->counts[1]));
	    left = m;
	    lcount = countnode234(left);
	    right = n;
	    rcount = countnode234(right);
	}
	if (n->parent)
	    np = (n->parent->kids[0] == n ? &n->parent->kids[0] :
		  n->parent->kids[1] == n ? &n->parent->kids[1] :
		  n->parent->kids[2] == n ? &n->parent->kids[2] :
		  &n->parent->kids[3]);
	n = n->parent;
    }

    /*
     * If we've come out of here by `break', n will still be
     * non-NULL and all we need to do is go back up the tree
     * updating counts. If we've come here because n is NULL, we
     * need to create a new root for the tree because the old one
     * has just split into two. */
    if (n) {
	while (n->parent) {
	    int count = countnode234(n);
	    int childnum;
	    childnum = (n->parent->kids[0] == n ? 0 :
			n->parent->kids[1] == n ? 1 :
			n->parent->kids[2] == n ? 2 : 3);
	    n->parent->counts[childnum] = count;
	    n = n->parent;
	}
    } else {
	LOG(("  root is overloaded, split into two\n"));
	t->root = snew(node234);
	t->root->kids[0] = left;
	t->root->counts[0] = lcount;
	t->root->elems[0] = e;
	t->root->kids[1] = right;
	t->root->counts[1] = rcount;
	t->root->elems[1] = NULL;
	t->root->kids[2] = NULL;
	t->root->counts[2] = 0;
	t->root->elems[2] = NULL;
	t->root->kids[3] = NULL;
	t->root->counts[3] = 0;
	t->root->parent = NULL;
	if (t->root->kids[0])
	    t->root->kids[0]->parent = t->root;
	if (t->root->kids[1])
	    t->root->kids[1]->parent = t->root;
	LOG(("  new root is %p/%d [%p] %p/%d\n",
	     t->root->kids[0], t->root->counts[0],
	     t->root->elems[0], t->root->kids[1], t->root->counts[1]));
    }

    return orig_e;
}

void *add234(tree234 * t, void *e)
{
    if (!t->cmp)		       /* tree is unsorted */
	return NULL;

    return add234_internal(t, e, -1);
}
void *addpos234(tree234 * t, void *e, int index)
{
    if (index < 0 ||		       /* index out of range */
	t->cmp)			       /* tree is sorted */
	return NULL;		       /* return failure */

    return add234_internal(t, e, index);	/* this checks the upper bound */
}

/*
 * Look up the element at a given numeric index in a 2-3-4 tree.
 * Returns NULL if the index is out of range.
 */
void *index234(tree234 * t, int index)
{
    node234 *n;

    if (!t->root)
	return NULL;		       /* tree is empty */

    if (index < 0 || index >= countnode234(t->root))
	return NULL;		       /* out of range */

    n = t->root;

    while (n) {
	if (index < n->counts[0])
	    n = n->kids[0];
	else if (index -= n->counts[0] + 1, index < 0)
	    return n->elems[0];
	else if (index < n->counts[1])
	    n = n->kids[1];
	else if (index -= n->counts[1] + 1, index < 0)
	    return n->elems[1];
	else if (index < n->counts[2])
	    n = n->kids[2];
	else if (index -= n->counts[2] + 1, index < 0)
	    return n->elems[2];
	else
	    n = n->kids[3];