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<b>Oracle9<em>i</em> Administrator's Reference </b>
<br />
<b>Release 2 (9.2.0.1.0) for UNIX Systems: AIX-Based Systems, Compaq Tru64 UNIX, HP 9000 Series HP-UX, Linux Intel, and Sun Solaris</b>
<br />
Part No. A97297-01
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<h1>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">D
<br /> Tuning for Oracle9<em>i</em> on Tru64
</font>
</h1>
<p>This appendix contains the following tuning information for Oracle9<em>i</em> on Tru64:
</p>
<ul>
<li type="disc">
<p><a href="#CACDHFGE">Supporting Mixed CPU Systems</a>
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p><a href="#i639382">Gathering Database Statistics on Tru64 </a>
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p><a href="#i639373">Oracle9<em>i</em> Real Application Clusters on Tru64</a>
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p><a href="#i635555">Tuning Asynchronous I/O</a>
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p><a href="#CACICEDA">Direct I/O Support and Concurrent Direct I/O Support</a>
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p><a href="#i633307">Enabling Access to the Real Time Clock</a>
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p><a href="#i631192">Setting Up Raw Devices</a>
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p><a href="#i631244">Spike Optimization Tool</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul><a id="i637247" name="i637247"></a>
<div class="sect1">
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<h2>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">Enabling Oracle9<em>i</em> Directed Placement Optimizations
</font>
</h2>
<p>Compaq GS80, GS160, and GS320 systems consist of smaller building blocks called Resource Affinity Domains (RADs). A RAD is a collection of tightly coupled CPUs, memory modules, and an I/O controller coupled through a fast interconnect. A second-level interconnect connects each of the RADs together to form a larger configuration.
</p>
<p>Unlike previous generation servers which have only one common shared interconnect between CPUs, memory, and I/O controller, GS80, GS160, and GS320 servers can offer superior performance and memory access times when a particular CPU accesses memory within its own RAD or uses its local I/O controller. Because of the switched interconnect, all I/O activity and memory accesses within one RAD do not interfere with those within another RAD. However, because memory accesses between a CPU and memory module located across RAD boundaries must traverse two levels of interconnect hierarchy, these memory references take longer relative to memory references that are within a RAD.
</p>
<p>Directed memory and process placement support (available on Tru64 UNIX V5.1 and higher) allows sophisticated applications to communicate their specific needs for process and memory layout to the operating system. This communication results in greater performance through increased localization of memory references within a RAD.
</p>
<p>Oracle9<em>i</em> includes enhanced support for the special capabilities of high performance servers such as the GS80, GS160, and GS320. Directed placement optimizations specifically take advantage of hierarchical interconnects available in GS80, GS160, and GS320 class servers. All previous generation servers have a single shared interconnect, so these servers neither directly benefit from directed placement optimizations nor is there any loss of performance on these servers. Therefore, by default, these optimizations are disabled in Oracle9<em>i</em>.
</p>
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<h3>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Requirements to Run the Directed Placement Optimizations
</font>
</h3>
<p>The system must meet the following requirements for Oracle9<em>i</em> directed placement optimizations to work:
</p>
<ul>
<li type="disc">
<p>The system must be a Compaq GS80, GS160, or GS320 AlphaServer or similar locality sensitive Compaq system. The Oracle9<em>i</em> optimizations only affect systems that are locality sensitive.
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>The operating system must be Compaq Tru64 UNIX V5.1 or higher. Previous operating system versions do not include the required operating system support for Oracle9<em>i</em> to perform directed process and memory placement.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div class="sect2">
<div class="sect2">
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<h3>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Enabling Oracle Directed Placement Optimizations
</font>
</h3>
<p>To enable Oracle directed placement optimizations, follow these steps:
</p>
<ol type="1" start="1">
<li>
<p>Shut down the Oracle instance.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Relink the Oracle server by entering the following commands:
</p>
<pre>$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk numa_on
$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk ioracle
</pre>
</li>
</ol>
<p>If you are not using a compatible version of Tru64 UNIX, the following message is displayed:
</p>
<pre>Operating System Version Does not Support NUMA<code>.</code>
Disabling NUMA<code>!</code>
</pre>
<p>If you enable Oracle directed placement optimizations, and later change Tru64 to an incompatible version, disable Oracle directed placement optimizations as described in the following section.
</p>
</div class="sect2">
<div class="sect2">
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<h3>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Disabling Oracle Directed Placement Optimizations
</font>
</h3>
<p>To disable Oracle directed placement optimizations, follow these steps:
</p>
<ol type="1" start="1">
<li>
<p>Shut down the Oracle instance.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Relink the Oracle server using the <code>numa_off</code> option:
</p>
<pre>$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk numa_off
$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk ioracle
</pre>
</li>
</ol>
</div class="sect2">
<div class="sect2">
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<h3>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Using Oracle Directed Placement Optimizations
</font>
</h3>
<p>The Oracle directed placement optimizations assume an equi-partitioned configuration. This means that all RADs are configured with the same number of CPUs and the same amount of memory. The Oracle server is assumed to run across all RADs on the system.
</p>
</div class="sect2">
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<h3>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Oracle Initialization Parameters
</font>
</h3>
<p>To make the most efficient use of the local environment, Oracle9<em>i</em> adjusts some initialization parameters automatically depending on the server configuration as reported by the operating system. This practice eliminates common errors in correctly computing subtle dependencies in these parameters.
</p>
</div class="sect2">
<div class="sect2">
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<h3>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Tru64 UNIX System Parameters
</font>
</h3>
<p>You must set the system parameters in the following table to realize the full benefits of a NUMA system:<a id="sthref692" name="sthref692"></a>
</p>
<table title="Subsystem Parameter Settings" summary="This table lists parameters that you must set to realize the full benefits of a NUMA system." dir="ltr" border="1" width="100%" frame="hsides" rules="groups" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0">
<thead>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<th id="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="bottom">
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<strong>Subsystem
</strong></font></th>
<th id="r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="bottom">
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<strong>Parameters
</strong></font></th>
<th id="r1c3" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="bottom">
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<strong>Setting
</strong></font></th>
</tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td id="r2c1" headers="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">ipc
</td>
<td headers="r2c1 r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">ssm_threshold
</td>
<td headers="r2c1 r1c3" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td id="r3c1" headers="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">ipc
</td>
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