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<b>Oracle9<em>i</em> Administrator's Reference </b>
<br />
<b>Release 2 (9.2.0.1.0) for UNIX Systems: AIX-Based Systems, Compaq Tru64 UNIX, HP 9000 Series HP-UX, Linux Intel, and Sun Solaris</b>
<br />
Part No. A97297-01
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<h1>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Contents</font>
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Title and Copyright Information
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<h3><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="rcf.htm#sthref2">Send Us Your Comments </a></font></h3>
<h3><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="preface.htm#sthref4">Preface</a></font></h3>
<dl>
<dd><a href="preface.htm#sthref5">Audience</a></dd>
<dd><a href="preface.htm#sthref6">Oracle9<em>i</em> Standard Edition and Oracle9<em>i</em> Enterprise Edition</a></dd>
<dd><a href="preface.htm#sthref7">Terminology</a></dd>
<dd><a href="preface.htm#sthref8">Typographic Conventions</a></dd>
<dd><a href="preface.htm#sthref9">Command Syntax</a></dd>
<dd><a href="preface.htm#sthref10">Accessing Installed Documentation</a></dd>
<dd><a href="preface.htm#sthref16">Related Documentation</a></dd>
<dd><a href="preface.htm#sthref23">Oracle Services and Support</a></dd>
</dl>
<h3><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="ch1_admin.htm#i46634">1 Administering Oracle9<em>i</em> </a></font></h3>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref24">Overview</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref27">Environment Variables</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref28">Oracle9<em>i</em> Environment Variables</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref73">UNIX Environment Variables</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref112">Setting a Common Environment</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref114">oraenv Script File</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref116">Local bin Directory </a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref121">Switching Between Databases</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref124">Setting and Exporting the Value of a Variable in a Current Session</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref125">Setting the System Time</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref128">LD_PRELOAD Environment Variable for Loading Shared Libraries (HP Only)</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref129">Relinking Executables</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref132">System Global Area</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref158">Determining the Size of the SGA</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref160">Intimate Shared Memory (Solaris Only)</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref167">Shared Memory on AIX</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref168">Oracle9<em>i</em> Memory Requirements</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref169">Database Limits</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref186">Operating System Accounts and Groups</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref187">Oracle Software Owner Account</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref189">OSDBA, OSOPER, and ORAINVENTORY Groups</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref207">Groups and Security</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref209">Security for Database Files</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref212">External Authentication</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref215">Running the orapwd Utility</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref219">Password Management</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref226">Customizing the Initialization File</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref258">Oracle HTTP Server</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref261">Oracle HTTP Server Log Files </a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref264">Demonstration Files</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref265">SQL*Loader Demonstrations</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref266">PL/SQL Demonstrations</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref271">PL/SQL Kernel Demonstrations</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref272">PL/SQL Precompiler Demonstrations</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref275">Administering SQL*Loader</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref276">Newline Characters in Fixed Length Records</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch1_admin.htm#sthref277">Removing Newline Characters</a></dd>
</dl>
</dl>
</dl>
<h3><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="ch2_tun.htm#i17100">2 Tuning for Oracle9<em>i</em> on UNIX</a></font></h3>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref278">Importance of Tuning</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref279">Types of Performance Bottlenecks</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref280">Operating System Tools </a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref282">Common Tools</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref297">Linux Tools</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref300">Solaris Tools</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref303">AIX Tools</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref304">AIX System Management Interface Tool</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref306">Base Operation System Tools</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref307">AIX Performance Toolbox</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref313">HP Tools</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref314">Performance Tuning Tools</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref315">HP Performance Analysis Tools</a></dd>
</dl>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref322">Tuning Memory Management </a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref334">Allocate Sufficient Swap Space </a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref336">Control Paging </a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref343">Adjust Oracle Block Size</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref345">Tuning Disk I/O </a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref350">Choose the Appropriate File System Type</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref360">Monitoring Disk Performance</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref363">Tuning UNIX Kernel Parameters</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref366">Tuning the Operating System Buffer Cache</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref373">Using Raw Devices/Volumes </a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref375">Guidelines for Using Raw Devices/Volumes</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref382">Raw Device Setup</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref384">Using Trace and Alert Files</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref387">Trace Files</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch2_tun.htm#sthref392">Alert Files</a></dd>
</dl>
</dl>
<h3><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="ch3_sql.htm#i8440">3 Administering SQL*Plus and <em>i</em>SQL*Plus </a></font></h3>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref395">Administering Command-Line SQL*Plus</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref397">Using Setup Files</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref400">Using the Site Profile File</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref403">Using the User Profile File</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref407">Using the PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE Table</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref410">Using Demonstration Tables</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref413">Using EMP and DEPT Tables</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref414">Creating Demonstration Tables Manually</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref416">Deleting Demonstration Tables</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref418">SQL*Plus Command-Line Help</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref420">Installing the SQL*Plus Command-Line Help</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref421">Removing the SQL*Plus Command-Line Help</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref422">Administering <em>i</em>SQL*Plus</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref423">Disabling and Re-enabling iSQL*Plus</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref424">Editing the <em>i</em>SQL*Plus Configuration File</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref425">Security </a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref426">Configuring Oracle HTTP Server Authentication for <em>i</em>SQL*Plus</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref427">Adding Usernames and Passwords to a Password File</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref428">Configuring the Oracle HTTP Server to Use a New Password File</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref429">Restricting Database Access from <em>i</em>SQL*Plus</a></dd>
</dl>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref430">Using Command-Line SQL*Plus</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref433">Using a System Editor from SQL*Plus</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref438">Running Operating System Commands from SQL*Plus</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref441">Interrupting SQL*Plus</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref445">Using the SPOOL Command</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref449">SQL*Plus Restrictions</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref452">Resizing Windows</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref454">Return Codes</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch3_sql.htm#sthref456">Hiding Your Password</a></dd>
</dl>
</dl>
<h3><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="ch4_comp.htm#i14323">4 Using Oracle Precompilers and the Oracle Call Interface </a></font></h3>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref457">Overview of Oracle Precompilers</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref459">Precompiler Configuration Files</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref463">Relinking Precompiler Executables</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref465">Precompiler README Files</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref467">Issues Common to All Precompilers</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref468">Uppercase to Lowercase Conversion</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref470">Vendor Debugger Programs</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref473">Value of IRECLEN and ORECLEN</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref477">Static and Dynamic Linking</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref478">Client Shared Library</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref479">Support for 32-Bit and 64-Bit Client Applications (AIX, HP, and Solaris 64-Bit Only)</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref480">Pro*C/C++ Precompiler</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref483">Pro*C/C++ Demonstration Programs</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref487">Pro*C/C++ User Program</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref488">Pro*COBOL Precompiler (AIX, HP, Solaris, and Tru64 Only)</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref493"><code></code>Pro*COBOL Environment Variables</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref494">Merant Server Express COBOL Compiler</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref498">Pro*COBOL Oracle Runtime System </a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref503">Pro*COBOL Demonstration Programs</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref504">Pro*COBOL User Programs</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref509">FORMAT Precompiler Option</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref512">Pro*FORTRAN Precompiler (AIX, HP, Solaris, and Tru64 Only)</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref513">Pro*FORTRAN Demonstration Programs</a></dd>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref515">Pro*FORTRAN User Programs</a></dd>
</dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref516">SQL*Module for Ada (Solaris 32-Bit and AIX Only)</a></dd>
<dl>
<dd><a href="ch4_comp.htm#sthref517">SQL*Module for Ada Demonstration Programs</a></dd>
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