ch3_sql.htm

Debian中文参考手册,系统介绍了Debian系统

<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Installing the SQL&#042;Plus Command-Line Help
</font>
</h3>
<p>There are three ways to install the SQL&#042;Plus command-line help:
</p>
<ul>
<li type="disc">
<p>Perform an installation that installs a starter database.
</p>
<p>When you copy a starter database with pre-built datafiles as part of an installation, SQL&#042;Plus automatically installs the SQL&#042;Plus command-line help in the SYSTEM schema.
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Install the command-line help manually in the SYSTEM schema using the <code>&#036;</code><code>ORACLE&#095;HOME&#047;bin&#047;</code><code>helpins</code> shell script. 
</p>
<p>The <code>helpins</code> script prompts for the SYSTEM password. If you need to run this script without interaction, set the SYSTEM&#095;PASS environment variable to the SYSTEM username and password. For example, enter the following command where <em><code>SYSTEM&#095;PASSWORD</code></em> is the password of the SYSTEM user:
</p>
<pre>&#036; SYSTEM&#095;PASS&#061;SYSTEM&#047;<em>SYSTEM&#095;PASSWORD</em>; export SYSTEM&#095;PASS

</pre>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Install the command-line help manually in the SYSTEM schema using the <code>&#036;</code><code>ORACLE&#095;HOME&#047;sqlplus&#047;admin&#047;help&#047;helpbld.sql</code> script. 
</p>
<p>For example, enter the following commands, where <em><code>SYSTEM&#095;PASSWORD</code></em> is the password of the SYSTEM user:
</p>
<pre>&#036; sqlplus SYSTEM&#047;<em>SYSTEM&#095;PASSWORD</em>
SQL&gt; &#064;?&#047;sqlplus&#047;admin&#047;help&#047;helpbld.sql ?&#047;sqlplus&#047;admin&#047;help helpus.sql
</pre>
<br /><table summary="This is a layout table to format a note" title="This is a layout table to format a note" dir="ltr" border="1" width="80%" frame="hsides" rules="groups" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<p>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">
<strong><strong>Note</strong>:</strong>
</font>
</p>Both the <code>helpins</code> shell script and the <code>helpbld.sq</code>l script drop existing command-line help tables before creating new tables.
</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table><br />
</li>
</ul>
</div class="sect2">
<div class="sect2">
<!--
infolevel=all
infotype=general
--><a id="sthref421" name="sthref421"></a>
<h3>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Removing the SQL&#042;Plus Command-Line Help
</font>
</h3>
<p>To manually drop the SQL&#042;Plus command-line help tables from the SYSTEM schema, run the <code>&#036;ORACLE&#095;HOME&#047;sqlplus&#047;admin&#047;help&#047;helpdrop.sql</code> script. For example, enter the following commands, where <em><code>SYSTEM&#095;PASSWORD</code></em> is the password of the SYSTEM user:
</p>
<pre>&#036; sqlplus SYSTEM&#047;<em>SYSTEM&#095;PASSWORD</em>
SQL&gt; &#064;?&#047;sqlplus&#047;admin&#047;help&#047;helpdrop.sql

</pre>
</div class="sect2">
</div class="sect1"><a id="CHDECGID" name="CHDECGID"></a>
<div class="sect1"><a id="sthref422" name="sthref422"></a>
<h2>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">Administering <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus
</font>
</h2>
<p><em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus is a browser-based interface that uses the SQL&#042;Plus processing engine in the following three-tier model: 
</p>
<table title="iSQL*Plus Platform Tiers" summary="Describes the iSQL*Plus tiers." dir="ltr" border="1" width="100%" frame="hsides" rules="groups" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0">
<thead>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<th id="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="bottom">
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<strong>Tier
</strong></font></th>
<th id="r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="bottom">
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<strong>Description
</strong></font></th>
</tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td id="r2c1" headers="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Client 
</td>
<td headers="r2c1 r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus user interface, typically a Web browser
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td id="r3c1" headers="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Middle 
</td>
<td headers="r3c1 r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus server, Oracle Net, and Oracle HTTP Server
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td id="r4c1" headers="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Database
</td>
<td headers="r4c1 r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Oracle9<em>i</em> database
</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
<div class="sect2"><a id="sthref423" name="sthref423"></a>
<h3>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Disabling and Re-enabling iSQL&#042;Plus
</font>
</h3>
<p>When you install Oracle9<em>i</em>, <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus is enabled by default. This section describes how to disable and re-enable iSQL&#042;Plus.To disable iSQL&#042;Plus:
</p>
<ol type="1" start="1">
<li>
<p>Log in to the system running the Oracle HTTP Server as the Oracle software owner (<code>oracle</code>).
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Change directory to the Oracle HTTP Server configuration directory:
</p>
<pre>&#036; cd &#036;ORACLE&#095;HOME&#047;Apache&#047;Apache&#047;conf

</pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Open the <code>o</code><code>racle&#095;apache.conf</code> configuration file in any text editor.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Insert a comment character (&#035;) before the directive that includes the <code>isqlplus.conf</code> configuration file, as follows:
</p>
<pre>&#035;include "<em>ORACLE&#095;HOME</em>&#047;sqlplus&#047;admin&#047;isqlplus.conf"

</pre>
<p>In the preceding example, <em><code>ORACLE&#095;HOME</code></em> is the path of the Oracle home directory.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Save the file and exit from the text editor.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Verify the changes by parsing the Oracle HTTP Server configuration file:
</p>
<pre>&#036; &#036;ORACLE&#095;HOME&#047;Apache&#047;Apache&#047;bin&#047;apachectl configtest

</pre>
<p>If necessary, fix any errors displayed by this command.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Restart the Oracle HTTP Server:
</p>
<pre>&#036; &#036;ORACLE&#095;HOME&#047;Apache&#047;Apache&#047;bin&#047;apachectl restart

</pre>
</li>
</ol>
<p>To re-enable iSQL&#042;Plus, repeat the previous procedure, but in step 4, remove the comment character (&#035;).
</p>
</div class="sect2">
<div class="sect2"><a id="sthref424" name="sthref424"></a>
<h3>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Editing the <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus Configuration File
</font>
</h3>
<p>You can change the values of the following <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus server parameters in the <code>&#036;ORACLE&#095;HOME&#047;sqlplus&#047;admin&#047;isqlplus.conf</code> configuration file:
</p>
<table title="isqlplus.conf file parameters" summary="This table describes the isqlplus.conf file parameters." dir="ltr" border="1" width="100%" frame="hsides" rules="groups" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0">
<thead>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<th id="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="bottom">
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<strong>Parameter
</strong></font></th>
<th id="r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="bottom">
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<strong>Description
</strong></font></th>
</tr>
</thead><tbody>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td id="r2c1" headers="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">iSQLPlusNumberOfThreads
</td>
<td headers="r2c1 r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sets the maximum number of simultaneous HTTP requests that can be handled by the <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus server.
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td id="r3c1" headers="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">iSQLPlusLogLevel
</td>
<td headers="r3c1 r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Enables <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus to maintain log files and determines to what level log files are maintained. The default log file location is <code>&#036;ORACLE&#095;HOME&#047;sqlplus&#047;log&#047;isqlplus&#047;log.xml</code>. <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus must be able to write to the <code>&#036;</code><code>ORACLE&#095;HOME&#047;sqlplus&#047;log</code> directory. This directory has owner write permissions. If <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus is running as the <code>nobody</code> user and therefore cannot write to the log file, you must manually give <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus write permissions on the log file. It is not recommended to grant world write permission to the file except for temporary testing or tracing purposes.
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td id="r4c1" headers="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">iSQLPlusTimeOutInterval
</td>
<td headers="r4c1 r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sets the time a session can be idle before it is expired. Timing out <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus sessions helps reduce system load and maximize resources.
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td id="r5c1" headers="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><em></em>iSQLPlusHashTableSize
</td>
<td headers="r5c1 r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sets the maximum number of concurrent <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus sessions that can be handled by the <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus server. The default value is derived from the value of the <em></em>iSQLPlusNumberOfThreads parameter.
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td id="r6c1" headers="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><em></em>iSQLPlusConnectIdList
</td>
<td headers="r6c1 r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sets a drop-down list of databases that users can access in <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus, in place of the Connection Identifier text field on the Login screen. This allows greater security for <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus servers in hosted environments. 
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td id="r7c1" headers="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">iSQLPlusAllowUserEntMap
</td>
<td headers="r7c1 r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Controls whether <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus permits users to change the SET MARKUP HTML ENTMAP and COLUMN ENTMAP settings. In HTML, entity mapping replaces characters of special significance with printable representations of those characters. By default, entity mapping is enabled, and the value of the iSQLPlusAllowUserEntMap parameter is set to <code>none</code>. This value prevents users from changing the entity mapping settings, and prevents the use of user-defined HTML in <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus output.
<p>If you set the value of the iSQLPlusAllowUserEntMap parameter to <code>all</code>, users can change entity mapping settings. 
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td id="r8c1" headers="r1c1" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><code>-idle-timeout</code>
</td>
<td headers="r8c1 r1c2" align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sets the time the Oracle HTTP Server waits for results from <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus.
</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
<p>The following example shows a sample FastCgiServer directive in the <code>isqlplus.conf</code> file: 
</p>
<pre>FastCgiServer <em>ORACLE&#095;HOME</em>&#047;isqlplus -initial-env 
iSQLPlusNumberOfThreads&#061;20 -initial-env iSQLPlusTimeOutInterval&#061;30 -initial-env iSQLPlusLogLevel&#061;warn -idle-timeout 3600

</pre>
<p>In the preceding example, <em><code>ORACLE&#095;HOME</code></em> is the path of the Oracle home directory.
</p>
</div class="sect2">
<div class="sect2"><a id="sthref425" name="sthref425"></a>
<h3>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Security	
</font>
</h3>
<p>This section describes security issues specific to <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus. 
</p>
<br /><table summary="This is a layout table to format a tip" title="This is a layout table to format a tip" dir="ltr" border="1" width="80%" frame="hsides" rules="groups" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<p>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">
<strong>See Also:</strong>
</font>
</p><em> SQL&#042;Plus User&#039;s Guide and Reference</em> for more information on <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus security.
</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table><br />
<div class="sect3"><a id="sthref426" name="sthref426"></a>
<h4>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Configuring Oracle HTTP Server Authentication for <em>i</em>SQL&#042;Plus
</font>
</h4>
<p>Users can access iSQL&#042;Plus in two ways:
</p>
<ul>
<li type="disc">
<p>As SYSDBA or SYSOPER privileged users
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>As normal users, without SYSDBA or SYSOPER privileges
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>To access iSQL&#042;Plus as a SYSDBA or SYSOPER privileged user, you use a different URL to the URL you use to connect as a normal user. By default, the URL used by privileged users is protected using Oracle HTTP Server authentication. If required, you can also use Oracle HTTP Server authentication to protect the URL used by normal users. To access a protected iSQL&#042;Plus URL, users must specify a username and password, which is separate from their Oracle username and password, before they can access the login screen. These usernames and passwords are stored in a password file. An empty password file for SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileged users is installed when you install Oracle9<em>i</em>. Before accessing iSQL&#042;Plus as a privileged user for the first time, you must add one or more usernames and passwords to this password file.Similarly, if you want to use Oracle HTTP Server authentication for normal users, you must create a separate password file and add usernames and passwords to it. You must then modify the iSQL&#042;Plus configuration file to use this file to authenticate normal users. The following sections describe how to add users to password files and if necessary, modify the iSQL&#042;Plus configuration file.
</p>
</div class="sect3">
<div class="sect3"><a id="sthref427" name="sthref427"></a>
<h4>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Adding Usernames and Passwords to a Password File
</font>
</h4>
<p>To add usernames and passwords to a password file:
</p>
<ol type="1" start="1">
<li>
<p>Log in to the system running the Oracle HTTP Server as the Oracle software owner (<code>oracle)</code>.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Change directory to the <code>&#036;ORACLE&#095;HOME&#047;Apache&#047;Apache&#047;bin</code> directory:
</p>
<pre>&#036; cd &#036;ORACLE&#095;HOME&#047;Apache&#047;Apache&#047;bin

</pre>
</li>
<li>
<p>Enter one of the following commands to add a username and password to the appropriate password file:
</p>
<div align="center">
<br /><table summary="This is a layout table to format a note" title="This is a layout table to format a note" dir="ltr" border="1" width="80%" frame="hsides" rules="groups" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr align="left" valign="top">
<td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<p>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">
<strong>Note:</strong>
</font>
</p>You do not need to create the password file for privileged users. This file, <code>iplusdba.pw</code>, is installed by default.
</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table><br />
</div>
<ul>
<li type="disc">
<p>To create a password file for normal users and add a username and password to it, enter:
</p>
<pre>&#036; htpasswd -c &#036;ORACLE&#095;HOME&#047;sqlplus&#047;admin&#047;<em>filename</em>.pw <em>username</em>

</pre>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li type="disc">
<p>To add a username and password to an existing password file, enter:
</p>