基于模糊控制的自动发电控制.htm

系统地介绍了模糊控制在自动发电机控制中的应用

lang=EN-US>15级，{-7，-6，-5，-4，-3，-2，-1，0，1，2，3，4，5，6，7}，控制输出功率的论域是［-36，36］，所以比例因子为：Ku=36/7=5.14</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">在规则汇总表确定后，选择适当的输入、输出模糊隶属度函数是设计模糊控制器的关键。从稳定性出发，功率偏差的输入模糊集隶属度函数选用连续型的高斯型函数；从反应的灵敏性出发，偏差变化的输入模糊集隶属度函数和调节功率的输出模糊集隶属度函数选用三角型隶属度函数。输入输出的模糊集隶属度函数如图<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>3-图5所示。</SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">图<SPAN lang=EN-US>3<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>输入变量（功率偏差）的隶属函数<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>图4<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; 
</SPAN>输入变量（功率偏差变化）的隶属函数<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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      <P class=MsoPlainText 
      style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">模糊推理采用<SPAN 
      lang=EN-US>Mamdani推理法，这是一种在模糊控制中普遍使用的方法，它本质上是一种合成推理方法，对if A and B then C 
      的推理句子Mamdani模糊蕴含关系矩阵R为R=A×B×C当已知输入A<SUP>*</SUP>,B<SUP>*</SUP>时，输出C<SUP>*</SUP>为C<SUP>*</SUP>= 
      (A<SUP>*</SUP>×B<SUP>*</SUP>)。R</SPAN></P>
      <P class=MsoPlainText 
      style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">通过模糊推理得到的结果是一个模糊集合，但在模糊控制中，必须要有一个确定的值才能去控制或驱动执行机构。在推理得到的模糊集合中取一个能最佳代表这个模糊推理结果可能性的精确值的过程称非模糊化过程，采用重心法一般具有更平滑的输出推理控制，即对应于输入信号的微小变化其推理的最终输出一般也会发生一定的变化且这种变化比较平滑。重心法是取模糊隶属度函数曲线与坐标围成面积的重心为模糊推理最终输出值：</P></TD>
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      <P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=_x0000_i1029 
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      <P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">图<SPAN lang=EN-US>5<SPAN 
      style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; 
  </SPAN>输出变量的隶属函数</SPAN></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><I><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><SUB><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=_x0000_i1030 
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"./2003xb14-3.files/image009.wmz"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=95 height=47
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lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=2><SPAN lang=EN-US>3<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; 
</SPAN>仿真结果</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">将应用模糊控制的<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>AGC与传统的比例积分控制的AGC结果进行仿真，可以得到1h中根据时间变化的功率（计划发电功率、实际负荷功率、AGC的控制功率）变化图，如图6-图7所示。</SPAN></P>
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      <P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape 
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      cropright = "929f"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=278 height=195
  src="./2003xb14-3.files/image014.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032"><![endif]></SPAN><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US 
  style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">图<SPAN lang=EN-US>6<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>比例积分控制的AGC仿真<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</SPAN>图7<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; 
</SPAN>模糊控制的AGC仿真<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">还可以得到<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>1h之中每个连续10min内实际负荷功率与AGC的控制输出功率的最大功率偏差的绝对值比较，如表2所示。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN 
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">表<SPAN lang=EN-US>2<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>功率偏差表<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
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      <P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: right" align=right><SPAN 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">时间序列<SPAN 
      lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
      <P class=MsoPlainText><SPAN 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">最大功率偏差的绝对值<SPAN 
      lang=EN-US>(MW) <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
      <P class=MsoPlainText><SPAN lang=EN-US 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">AGC的控制方式<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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      <P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">1<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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      style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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      <P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">3<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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      <P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">4<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
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