基于模糊控制的自动发电控制.htm

系统地介绍了模糊控制在自动发电机控制中的应用

lang=EN-US>:区域频率偏差因子；</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN 
lang=EN-US>f：频率偏差；</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">Δ<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>P<SUB>T</SUB>：区域交换功率偏差。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">当忽略掉βΔ<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>f时，为恒定净交换功率控制；忽略掉ΔP<SUB>T</SUB>时，是恒定频率控制；而两者都不忽略就是联络线和频率偏差控制。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">对于区域控制误差，<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>AGC发出的调节功率按比例积分式计算：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN 
lang=EN-US>P<SUB>R</SUB>=G<SUB>P</SUB>ACE+G<SUB>I</SUB>∫ACEdt=P<SUB>P</SUB>+P<SUB>I</SUB></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN 
lang=EN-US>AGC的调节功率P<SUB>R</SUB>再分配到具体调频机组中。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><![if !supportEmptyParas]><![endif]>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=2><SPAN lang=EN-US>2<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; 
</SPAN>模糊控制在AGC中的应用</SPAN></P>
<P class=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>2.1<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; 
</SPAN>模糊控制</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">模糊控制的基本结构原理如图<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>1所示。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US 
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<P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">图<SPAN lang=EN-US>1<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>模糊控制的结构<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">可以看出，模糊控制的核心是模糊控制器，它是嵌入在一个闭环系统之中的，模糊控制器主要包括四个部分：</P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>1）模糊控制规则：它往往是由一组根据人们在实际工作中的经验总结归纳出来的规则，这些规则是用模糊语言来描述的，通常是用IF—THEN这种条件语言来表示，例如：如果水温偏高，那么就加一些冷水。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>2）模糊决策：它决定了实时输入与哪些规则有关，并根据这些规则进行模糊推理得出控制量。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>3）模糊量化处理：是将实测的物理量转化为能被规则所理解和应用的模糊量的过程。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">（<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>4）非模糊化处理：是将模糊决策的结果转化为一个确定的，被控制对象所能接受的控制量过程。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">事实上，模糊控制器可视为一个实时闭环系统中依赖操作者经验的控制器，它根据本次采样得到的系统输出值，计算所选择的系统输入变量，再将输入变量的精确值变为模糊量，并根据输入变量（模糊量）及模糊控制规则，按模糊推理合成规则计算控制量（模糊量），最后由上述得到的控制量（模糊量）计算精确量，保证被控对象输出得到满足。</P>
<P class=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>2.2<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; 
</SPAN>模糊控制在AGC应用中的具体构想</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">以一个简化的系统为例，<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>AGC的控制周期一般为4-16s（为保证与LFC的运行周期同步）。AGC的控制区域可分为死区、正常调节区、辅助调节区、紧急辅助调节区。参与调节的机组数和控制模式与不同的调节区域有关，以正常调节区（-36MW,36MW）为例，在该区域内所有调节机组均可平滑调节。本文中的模糊控制器采用双输入单输出的二维结构，如图2所示：</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 
style="WIDTH: 295.5pt; HEIGHT: 50.25pt" type = "#_x0000_t75" coordsize = 
"21600,21600"><v:imagedata o:title="3-2" src = 
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<P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">图<SPAN lang=EN-US>2<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>AGC的模糊控制器<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText 
style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">输入是相对于实时负荷功率的偏差和偏差的变化，输出是调节功率。模糊控制器的控制规则表现为一组模糊条件语句，在条件语句中描述输入输出变量状态的词汇在考虑正负两个方向时一般采用<SPAN 
lang=EN-US>{负大，负中，负小，零，正小，正中，正大}。选择控制量的变化的原则是在误差大或较大时，选择控制量以尽快消除误差为主；当误差较小时，选择控制量要注意防止超调，以系统的稳定性为主要出发点。各种可能出现的情况和相应的模糊推理汇总成控制规则表如表1所示。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoPlainText style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN 
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">表<SPAN lang=EN-US>1<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>模糊控制规则表<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<DIV align=center>
<TABLE 
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      style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">偏差变化<SPAN 
      lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
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      style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">控制量<SPAN 
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      style="LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">功率的偏差<SPAN 
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