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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"><html><head><title>VM Spec </title></head><body BGCOLOR=#eeeeff text=#000000 LINK=#0000ff VLINK=#000077 ALINK=#ff0000><table width=100%><tr><td><a href="VMSpecTOC.doc.html">Contents</a> | <a href="VMSpecIX.fm10.html">Prev</a> | <a href="VMSpecIX.fm12.html">Next</a> | <a href="VMSpecIX.fm.html">Index</a></td><td align=right><i><i>The Java<sup><font size=-2>TM</font></sup> Virtual Machine Specification</i></i></td></tr></table><hr><br> <a href="VMSpecIX.fm.html">symbols</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm1.html">A</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm2.html">B</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm3.html">C</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm4.html">D</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm5.html">E</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm6.html">F</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm7.html">G</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm8.html">H</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm9.html">I</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm10.html">J</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm11.html">L</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm12.html">M</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm13.html">N</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm14.html">O</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm15.html">P</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm16.html">Q</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm17.html">R</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm18.html">S</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm19.html">T</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm20.html">U</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm21.html">V</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm22.html">W</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm23.html">Z</a><hr><a name="6959115"></a><center><h1> L</h1></center><dl><dt><b><strong>L character</strong></b><dl><a name="6959119"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#84697">meaning in field or method descriptor, 101</a></dl><dt><b><strong>L<classname>;</strong></b><dl><a name="6959122"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#84697">meaning in field or method descriptor, 101</a></dl><dt><b>l2d <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6959125"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#l2d">definition, 306</a></dl><dt><b>l2f <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6959128"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#l2f">definition, 307</a></dl><dt><b>ladd <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6962294"></a><dt><a href="Compiling.doc.html#9570">compilation examples, operand stack operations, 386 </a><a name="6962297"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#land">definition, 309</a></dl><dt><b>laload <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6959136"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#laload">definition, 310</a></dl><dt><b>land <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6959139"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#land">definition, 311</a></dl><dt><b>lastore <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6959142"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#lastore">definition, 312</a></dl><dt><b>lcmp <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6959145"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#lcmp">definition, 313</a></dl><dt><b>lconst_<l> <strong>instructions</strong></b><dl><a name="6959148"></a><dt>compilation examples<dl><a name="6959149"></a><dt><a href="Compiling.doc.html#6126">accessing the runtime constant pool, 371</a><a name="6959151"></a><dt><a href="Compiling.doc.html#9569">operand stack operations, 386</a></dl><a name="6959153"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#lconst_l">definition, 314</a></dl><dt><b>ldc <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6959156"></a><dt><a href="Compiling.doc.html#6072">compilation examples, accessing the runtime constant pool, 371</a><a name="6959158"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9163">constraints, static, 135</a><a name="6959160"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#ldc">definition, 315</a></dl><dt><b>ldc_w <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6959163"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9163">constraints, static, 135</a><a name="6959165"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#ldc_w">definition, 316</a></dl><dt><b>ldc2_w <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6959168"></a><dt>compilation examples<dl><a name="6959169"></a><dt><a href="Compiling.doc.html#6128">accessing the runtime constant pool, 371</a><a name="6959171"></a><dt>constants and local variables in a for<a href="Compiling.doc.html#6890"> loop, 367</a><a name="6959173"></a><dt>while<a href="Compiling.doc.html#8526"> loop, 373</a>, <a href="Compiling.doc.html#8573">374</a></dl><a name="6959176"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#43235">constraints, static, 135</a><a name="6959178"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#ldc_w">definition, 317</a></dl><dt><b>ldiv <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6959181"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#ldiv">definition, 318</a></dl><dt><b><strong>left angle bracket <</strong></b><dl><a name="6959184"></a><dt>in CONSTANT_Methodref_info and CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#29292"> names, significance of, 106</a></dl><dt><b><strong>left parentheses (</strong></b><dl><a name="6959187"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#81106">meaning in method descriptor, 102</a></dl><dt><b><strong>left square bracket [</strong></b><dl><a name="6959190"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#14019">meaning in field or method descriptor, 101</a></dl><dt><b>length <strong>item</strong></b><dl><a name="6959193"></a><dt>(CONSTANT_Utf8_info<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9402"> structure), 111</a><a name="6959195"></a><dt>(LocalVariableTable_attribute<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9442"> structure), 131</a></dl><dt><b><strong>limitations</strong></b><dl><a name="6959198"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#88659">Java virtual machine, 152</a></dl><dt><b>line_number <strong>item</strong></b><dl><a name="6959201"></a><dt>(line_number_table array of LineNumberTable_attribute<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9437"> structure), 129</a></dl><dt><b>line_number_table <strong>array</strong></b><dl><a name="6959204"></a><dt>(LineNumberTable_attribute<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#1608"> structure), 130</a></dl><dt><b>line_number_table_length <strong>item</strong></b><dl><a name="6959207"></a><dt>(LineNumberTable_attribute<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#1608"> structure), 130</a></dl><dt><b>LineNumberTable_attribute <strong>structure</strong></b><dl><a name="6959210"></a><dt>(attributes table of Code_attribute<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9437"> structure), 129</a></dl><dt><b>LinkageError</b><dl><a name="6959213"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#24112">definition, 49</a>, <a href="Concepts.doc.html#24134">50</a><a name="6959216"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#24958">as unrecoverable runtime exception class, 44</a><a name="6959218"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#11934">verification pass 4 occurrence of, 143</a></dl><dt><b><strong>linking</strong></b><dl><a name="6959221"></a><dt><em>See also</em> binding; preparation; resolution; verification<a name="6959223"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#67962">(chapter), 155</a><a name="6959225"></a><dt>class<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9757"> files verification issues, 140</a><a name="6959227"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#24124">definition, 49</a>, <a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#71814">164</a><a name="6959230"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#1962">dynamic, frame use for, 71</a><a name="6959232"></a><dt>errors<dl><a name="6959233"></a><dt>IllegalAccessError<a href="Concepts.doc.html#28428">, 45</a><a name="6959235"></a><dt>InstantiationError<a href="Concepts.doc.html#28428">, 45</a><a name="6959237"></a><dt>LinkageError<a href="Concepts.doc.html#36993">, as unrecoverable runtime exception class, 45</a><a name="6959239"></a><dt>LinkageError<a href="Concepts.doc.html#24112">, loading errors thrown by, 49</a><a name="6959241"></a><dt>LinkageError<a href="Concepts.doc.html#24134">, verification errors thrown by, 50</a><a name="6959243"></a><dt>LinkageError<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#11934">, verification pass 4 occurrence, 143</a><a name="6959245"></a><dt>NoSuchFieldError<a href="Concepts.doc.html#28428">, 45</a><a name="6959247"></a><dt>NoSuchMethodError<a href="Concepts.doc.html#28428">, 45</a></dl><a name="6959249"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#37041">overview, 47</a><a name="6959251"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#24955">unrecoverable runtime exceptions associated with, 44</a></dl><dt><b><strong>literals</strong></b><dl><a name="6959254"></a><dt><em>See also</em> constants; strings; variables<a name="6959256"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#29971">definition, 6</a><a name="6959258"></a><dt>false<a href="Concepts.doc.html#27355">, 6</a><a name="6959260"></a><dt>null<a href="Concepts.doc.html#27355">, 6</a><a name="6962310"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#80056">strings, resolution of, 157 </a><a name="6962312"></a><dt>true<a href="Concepts.doc.html#27355">, 6</a></dl><dt><b>lload <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6959267"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#lload">definition, 319</a></dl><dt><b>lload_<n> <strong>instructions</strong></b><dl><a name="6959270"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#lload_n">definition, 320</a></dl><dt><b>lmul <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6959273"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#lmul">definition, 321</a></dl><dt><b>lneg <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6959276"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#lneg">definition, 322</a></dl><dt><b>loadClass <strong>method</strong></b><dl><a name="6959279"></a><dt>ClassLoader<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#79453"> class, loading of classes and interfaces by, 161</a></dl><dt><b><strong>loading</strong></b><dl><a name="6959282"></a><dt><em>See also</em> class loader; linking; verification<a name="6959284"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#86731">(chapter), 155</a><a name="6959286"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#75047">class or interface, 158</a><a name="6959288"></a><dt>class or interface, errors<dl><a name="6959289"></a><dt>ClassCircularityError<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#79418">, 164</a><a name="6959291"></a><dt>IncompatibleClassChange- Error<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#79415">, 164</a><a name="6959293"></a><dt>NoClassDefFoundError<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#71466">, 160</a>, <a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#79406">163</a></dl><a name="6959296"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#78364">constraints, 162</a><a name="6959298"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#28453">definition, 48</a><a name="6959300"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#77474">delegation, 159</a><a name="6959302"></a><dt>from arrays of type<dl><a name="6959303"></a><dt>byte or boolean, baload<a href="Instructions2.doc1.html#baload">, 188</a><a name="6959305"></a><dt>char, caload<a href="Instructions2.doc2.html#caload">, 191</a><a name="6959307"></a><dt>double, daload<a href="Instructions2.doc3.html#daload">, 200</a><a name="6959309"></a><dt>float, faload<a href="Instructions2.doc4.html#faload">, 230</a><a name="6959311"></a><dt>int, iaload<a href="Instructions2.doc6.html#iaload">, 261</a><a name="6959313"></a><dt>long, laload<a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#l2i">, 308</a><a name="6959315"></a><dt>reference, aaload<a href="Instructions2.doc.html#aaload">, 175</a><a name="6959317"></a><dt>short, saload<a href="Instructions2.doc13.html#saload">, 354</a></dl><a name="6959319"></a><dt>from local variables of type<dl><a name="6959320"></a><dt>double, dload<a href="Instructions2.doc3.html#dload">, 207</a><a name="6959322"></a><dt>double, dload_<n><a href="Instructions2.doc3.html#dload_n">, 208</a><a name="6959324"></a><dt>float, fload<a href="Instructions2.doc4.html#fload">, 237</a><a name="6959326"></a><dt>float, fload_<n><a href="Instructions2.doc4.html#fload_n">, 238</a><a name="6959328"></a>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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