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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"><html><head><title>VM Spec </title></head><body BGCOLOR=#eeeeff text=#000000 LINK=#0000ff VLINK=#000077 ALINK=#ff0000><table width=100%><tr><td><a href="VMSpecTOC.doc.html">Contents</a> | <a href="VMSpecIX.fm16.html">Prev</a> | <a href="VMSpecIX.fm18.html">Next</a> | <a href="VMSpecIX.fm.html">Index</a></td><td align=right><i><i>The Java<sup><font size=-2>TM</font></sup> Virtual Machine Specification</i></i></td></tr></table><hr><br> <a href="VMSpecIX.fm.html">symbols</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm1.html">A</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm2.html">B</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm3.html">C</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm4.html">D</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm5.html">E</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm6.html">F</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm7.html">G</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm8.html">H</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm9.html">I</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm10.html">J</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm11.html">L</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm12.html">M</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm13.html">N</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm14.html">O</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm15.html">P</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm16.html">Q</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm17.html">R</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm18.html">S</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm19.html">T</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm20.html">U</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm21.html">V</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm22.html">W</a><a href="VMSpecIX.fm23.html">Z</a><hr><a name="6960400"></a><center><h1> R</h1></center><dl><dt><b><strong>recursion</strong></b><dl><a name="6960403"></a><dt>controlling runaway<dl><a name="6962427"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#36275">Java virtual machine stack size limit use for, 68</a><a name="6962430"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#36289">native method stack size limit use for, 71</a></dl></dl><dt><b>reference <strong>type</strong></b><dl><a name="6960409"></a><dt>branch if reference<dl><a name="6960410"></a><dt>comparison succeeds, if_acmp<cond><a href="Instructions2.doc6.html#if_acmpcond">, 266</a><a name="6960412"></a><dt>is null, ifnull<a href="Instructions2.doc6.html#ifnull">, 272</a><a name="6960414"></a><dt>not null, ifnonnull<a href="Instructions2.doc6.html#ifnonnull">, 271</a></dl><a name="6960416"></a><dt>determining if an object is a particular<dl><a name="6960417"></a><dt>instanceof<a href="Instructions2.doc6.html#instanceof">, 278</a></dl><a name="6960419"></a><dt>Java virtual machine<dl><a name="6960420"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#15118">handling of, 62</a><a name="6960422"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#15063">data type, 61</a></dl><a name="6960424"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#32018">null, testing for, 89</a><a name="6960426"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#29375">values, 11</a><dl><a name="6960428"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#15079">components and, 66</a></dl></dl><dt><b><strong>reference(s)</strong></b><dl><a name="6960431"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#71685">field, resolution of, 167</a><a name="6960433"></a><dt>final<a href="Concepts.doc.html#29863"> fields, 30</a><a name="6960435"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#74024">symbolic, mapping to concrete values as part of resolution, 165</a></dl><dt><b><strong>reflection</strong></b><dl><a name="6960438"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#74711">as reason for initialization, 170</a><a name="6960440"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#28365">Java virtual machine support for, 91</a></dl><dt><b><strong>register</strong></b><dl><a name="6960443"></a><dt>program counter (pc<a href="Overview.doc.html#25816">), 67</a></dl><dt><b><strong>remainder</strong></b><dl><a name="6960446"></a><dt>double, drem<a href="Instructions2.doc3.html#drem">, 212</a><a name="6960448"></a><dt>float, frem<a href="Instructions2.doc4.html#frem">, 242</a><a name="6960450"></a><dt>int, irem<a href="Instructions2.doc6.html#irem">, 295</a><a name="6960452"></a><dt>long, lrem<a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#lrem">, 326</a></dl><dt><b><strong>representation</strong></b><dl><a name="6960455"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#14922">internal, class names, 99</a></dl><dt><b><strong>reserved opcodes</strong></b><dl><a name="6960458"></a><dt>breakpoint<a href="Instructions.doc.html#63970">, 172</a><a name="6960460"></a><dt>impdep1<a href="Instructions.doc.html#63970">, 172</a><a name="6960462"></a><dt>impdep2<a href="Instructions.doc.html#63970">, 172</a></dl><dt><b><strong>resolution</strong></b><dl><a name="6960465"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#73906">as part of linking, 166</a><a name="6960467"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#71636">class and interface, 166</a><a name="6960469"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#27941">definition, 50</a><a name="6960471"></a><dt>errors<dl><a name="6960472"></a><dt>AbstractMethodError<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#75187">, thrown during method resolution, 168</a><a name="6960474"></a><dt>ClassCircularityError<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#79428">, thrown during class or interface resolution, 164</a><a name="6960476"></a><dt>IllegalAccessError<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#77674">, thrown during class or interface resolution, 167</a><a name="6960478"></a><dt>IllegalAccessError<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#80871">, thrown during field resolution, 167</a><a name="6960480"></a><dt>IllegalAccessError<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#75187">, thrown during method resolution, 168</a><a name="6960482"></a><dt>IncompatibleClassChangeError<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#79426">, thrown during class or interface resolution, 164</a><a name="6960484"></a><dt>IncompatibleClassChangeError<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#72842">, thrown during interface method resolution, 169</a><a name="6960486"></a><dt>IncompatibleClassChangeError<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#74266">, thrown during method resolution, 168</a><a name="6960488"></a><dt>NoSuchFieldError<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#80871">, thrown during field resolution, 167</a><a name="6960490"></a><dt>NoSuchFieldError<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#74273">, thrown during interface method resolution, 169</a><a name="6960492"></a><dt>NoSuchFieldError<a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#75187">, thrown during method resolution, 168</a></dl><a name="6960494"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#73232">field, 167</a><a name="6960496"></a><dt>instructions causing<dl><a name="6960497"></a><dt>anewarray<a href="Instructions2.doc.html#anewarray6">, 181</a><a name="6960499"></a><dt>checkcast<a href="Instructions2.doc2.html#checkcast1">, 193</a><a name="6960501"></a><dt>getfield<a href="Instructions2.doc5.html#getfield">, 248</a><a name="6960503"></a><dt>getstatic<a href="Instructions2.doc5.html#getstatic">, 250</a><a name="6960505"></a><dt>instanceof<a href="Instructions2.doc6.html#instanceof">, 278</a><a name="6962419"></a><a name="6960507"></a><dt>invokeinterface<a href="Instructions2.doc6.html#invokeinterface7">, 280</a><a name="6960509"></a><dt>invokespecial<a href="Instructions2.doc6.html#invokespecial">, 284</a><a name="6960511"></a><dt>invokestatic<a href="Instructions2.doc6.html#invokestatic">, 288</a><a name="6960513"></a><dt>invokevirtual<a href="Instructions2.doc6.html#invokevirtual">, 291</a><a name="6960515"></a><dt>multianewarray<a href="Instructions2.doc9.html#multianewarray">, 339</a><a name="6960517"></a><dt>new<a href="Instructions2.doc10.html#new">, 341</a><a name="6960519"></a><dt>putfield<a href="Instructions2.doc11.html#putfield">, 348</a><a name="6960521"></a><dt>putstatic<a href="Instructions2.doc11.html#putstatic">, 350</a></dl><a name="6960523"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#24132">lazy, 49</a><a name="6960525"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#73131">method, instance or class, 167</a><a name="6960527"></a><dt><a href="ConstantPool.doc.html#72841">method, interface, 168</a><a name="6960529"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#27164">overview, 47</a><a name="6960531"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#24132">static, 49</a><a name="6960533"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#37106">types of, 47</a></dl><dt><b>ret <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6960536"></a><dt><em>See also </em>jsr instruction; jsr_w instruction<a name="6960538"></a><dt>compilation examples, compiling finally<a href="Compiling.doc.html#8359">, 392</a>, <a href="Compiling.doc.html#9135">394</a><a name="6960541"></a><dt>constraints<dl><a name="6960542"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#42871">static, 136</a><a name="6960544"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#88589">structural, 139</a></dl><a name="6960546"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc12.html#ret">definition, 352</a><a name="6960548"></a><dt>returnAddress<a href="Overview.doc.html#34568"> type used by, 66</a><a name="6960550"></a><dt>try-finally<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#17627"> clause implementation use, Sun's Java compiler output characteristics, 150</a></dl><dt><b><strong>return</strong></b><dl><a name="6960553"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#42504">descriptor, syntax and meaning, 102</a><a name="6960555"></a><dt>from method<dl><a name="6960556"></a><dt>double value, dreturn<a href="Instructions2.doc3.html#dreturn">, 214</a><a name="6960558"></a><dt>float value, freturn<a href="Instructions2.doc4.html#freturn">, 244</a><a name="6960560"></a><dt>int value, ireturn<a href="Instructions2.doc6.html#ireturn">, 296</a><a name="6960562"></a><dt>long value, lreturn<a href="Instructions2.doc8.html#lreturn">, 327</a><a name="6960564"></a><dt>void, return<a href="Instructions2.doc12.html#return">, 353</a></dl><a name="6960566"></a><dt>from subroutine, ret<a href="Instructions2.doc12.html#ret">, 352</a><a name="6960568"></a><dt>reference value, areturn<a href="Instructions2.doc.html#areturn">, 182</a><a name="6960570"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#28538">type, method, structural constraints on instructions, 138</a></dl><dt><b>return <strong>instruction</strong></b><dl><a name="6960573"></a><dt>compilation examples<dl><a name="6960574"></a><dt><a href="Compiling.doc.html#7077">arrays, 382</a>, <a href="Compiling.doc.html#6170">383</a><a name="6960577"></a><dt><a href="Compiling.doc.html#8918">catching exceptions, 388</a>, <a href="Compiling.doc.html#9961">389</a>, <a href="Compiling.doc.html#9174">390</a>, <a href="Compiling.doc.html#10781">391</a><a name="6960582"></a><dt>compiling finally<a href="Compiling.doc.html#8351">, 392</a>, <a href="Compiling.doc.html#9127">393</a><a name="6960585"></a><dt>constants and local variables in a for<a href="Compiling.doc.html#4143"> loop, 365</a>, <a href="Compiling.doc.html#6893">367</a>, <a href="Compiling.doc.html#4289">369</a><a name="6960589"></a><dt>while<a href="Compiling.doc.html#8506"> loop, 372</a>, <a href="Compiling.doc.html#8529">373</a><a name="6962443"></a><a name="6960592"></a><dt><a href="Compiling.doc.html#4446">working with class instances, 379</a>, <a href="Compiling.doc.html#4751">381</a><a name="6960595"></a><dt><a href="Compiling.doc.html#9252">throwing exceptions, 387</a>, <a href="Compiling.doc.html#8026">388</a></dl><a name="6960598"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#28538">constraints, structural, 138</a><a name="6960600"></a><dt><a href="Instructions2.doc12.html#return">definition, 353</a></dl><dt><b>returnAddress <strong>type</strong></b><dl><a name="6960603"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#34571">characteristics and values, 66</a><a name="6960605"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#3560">definition, 62</a><a name="6960607"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#88589">instance constraints, 139</a><a name="6960609"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#11160">local variable constraints, 139</a></dl><dt><b><strong>right parentheses )</strong></b><dl><a name="6960612"></a><dt><a href="ClassFile.doc.html#81106">meaning in method descriptor, 102</a></dl><dt><b><strong>round to nearest</strong></b><dl><a name="6960615"></a><dt><em><a href="Overview.doc.html#14548"></a>See also</em> numeric<a name="6960618"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#17932">definition, 11</a>, <a href="Overview.doc.html#14548">85</a></dl><dt><b><strong>round towards zero</strong></b><dl><a name="6960622"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#17933">definition, 11</a>, <a href="Overview.doc.html#24715">85</a></dl><dt><b>runFinalizersOnExit <strong>method</strong></b><dl><a name="6960626"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#39425">Java virtual machine exit role, 57</a></dl><dt><b><strong>runtime</strong></b><dl><a name="6960629"></a><dt>class<a href="ClassFile.doc.html#9757"> files verification issues, 140</a><a name="6960631"></a><dt>data areas<dl><a name="6960632"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#6655">heap, 68</a><a name="6960634"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#30934">Java virtual machine stack, 67</a><a name="6960636"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#6657">method area, 69</a><a name="6960638"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#36284">native method stacks, 70</a><a name="6960640"></a><dt>pc<a href="Overview.doc.html#6648"> register, 67</a><a name="6962458"></a><dt><a href="Overview.doc.html#23189">runtime constant pool, 70</a></dl><a name="6962459"></a><dt>RuntimeException as Exception<a href="Concepts.doc.html#24864"> class direct subclass, 43</a><a name="6960647"></a><dt><a href="Concepts.doc.html#15939">type, as incorrect terminology, 15</a></dl><dt><b>RuntimeException</b><dl><a name="6960650"></a><dt>as Throwable<a href="Concepts.doc.html#24864"> class direct subclass, 43</a></dl></dl><hr><!-- This inserts footnotes--><p><a href="VMSpecTOC.doc.html">Contents</a> | <a href="VMSpecIX.fm16.html">Prev</a> | <a href="VMSpecIX.fm18.html">Next</a> | <a href="VMSpecIX.fm.html">Index</a><p><font size="-1"><i>The Java</i><sup><font size=-2>TM</font></sup><i> Virtual Machine Specification </i><br><!-- HTML generated by Suzette Pelouch on April 06, 1999 --><i><a href="Copyright.doc.html">Copyright © 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc.</a>All rights reserved</i><br>Please send any comments or corrections to <a href="mailto:jvm@java.sun.com">jvm@java.sun.com</a></font></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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