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</P><P>

If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you can
be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same)
place later.
</P><P>

When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a <EM>kill-ring</EM>.
Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so
that when you yank it back, you get it all.  The kill
ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously
typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing
another line.
<A NAME="IDX3"></A>
</P><P>

Here is the list of commands for killing text.
</P><P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT><KBD>C-k</KBD>
<DD>Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line.
<P>

<DT><KBD>M-d</KBD>
<DD>Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or, if between
words, to the end of the next word.
Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-f</KBD>.
<P>

<DT><KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD>
<DD>Kill from the cursor the start of the current word, or, if between
words, to the start of the previous word.
Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-b</KBD>.
<P>

<DT><KBD>C-w</KBD>
<DD>Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace.  This is different than
<KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD> because the word boundaries differ.
<P>

</DL>
<P>

Here is how to <EM>yank</EM> the text back into the line.  Yanking
means to copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer.
</P><P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT><KBD>C-y</KBD>
<DD>Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the cursor.
<P>

<DT><KBD>M-y</KBD>
<DD>Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top.  You can only do this if
the prior command is <KBD>C-y</KBD> or <KBD>M-y</KBD>.
</DL>
<P>

<A NAME="Readline Arguments"></A>
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<H3> 1.2.4 Readline Arguments </H3>
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<P>

You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands.  Sometimes the
argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the <I>sign</I> of the
argument that is significant.  If you pass a negative argument to a
command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will
act in a backward direction.  For example, to kill text back to the
start of the line, you might type <SAMP>`M-- C-k'</SAMP>.
</P><P>

The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type meta
digits before the command.  If the first `digit' typed is a minus
sign (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>), then the sign of the argument will be negative.  Once
you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type
the remainder of the digits, and then the command.  For example, to give
the <KBD>C-d</KBD> command an argument of 10, you could type <SAMP>`M-1 0 C-d'</SAMP>,
which will delete the next ten characters on the input line.
</P><P>

<A NAME="Searching"></A>
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<H3> 1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History </H3>
<!--docid::SEC8::-->
<P>

Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
for lines containing a specified string.
There are two search modes:  <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>.
</P><P>

Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
search string.
As each character of the search string is typed, Readline displays
the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far.
An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to
find the desired history entry.
To search backward in the history for a particular string, type
<KBD>C-r</KBD>.  Typing <KBD>C-s</KBD> searches forward through the history.
The characters present in the value of the <CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE> variable
are used to terminate an incremental search.
If that variable has not been assigned a value, the <KBD>ESC</KBD> and
<KBD>C-J</KBD> characters will terminate an incremental search.
<KBD>C-g</KBD> will abort an incremental search and restore the original line.
When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
search string becomes the current line.
</P><P>

To find other matching entries in the history list, type <KBD>C-r</KBD> or
<KBD>C-s</KBD> as appropriate.
This will search backward or forward in the history for the next
entry matching the search string typed so far.
Any other key sequence bound to a Readline command will terminate
the search and execute that command.
For instance, a <KBD>RET</KBD> will terminate the search and accept
the line, thereby executing the command from the history list.
A movement command will terminate the search, make the last line found
the current line, and begin editing.
</P><P>

Readline remembers the last incremental search string.  If two
<KBD>C-r</KBD>s are typed without any intervening characters defining a new
search string, any remembered search string is used.
</P><P>

Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
to search for matching history lines.  The search string may be
typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
</P><P>

<A NAME="Readline Init File"></A>
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<H2> 1.3 Readline Init File </H2>
<!--docid::SEC9::-->
<P>

Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like
keybindings installed by default, it is possible to use a different set
of keybindings.
Any user can customize programs that use Readline by putting
commands in an <EM>inputrc</EM> file, conventionally in his home directory.
The name of this
file is taken from the value of the environment variable <CODE>INPUTRC</CODE>.  If
that variable is unset, the default is <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>.
</P><P>

When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the
init file is read, and the key bindings are set.
</P><P>

In addition, the <CODE>C-x C-r</CODE> command re-reads this init file, thus
incorporating any changes that you might have made to it.
</P><P>

<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> 
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="readline.html#SEC10">1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<br>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="readline.html#SEC11">1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<br>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="readline.html#SEC12">1.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>

<A NAME="Readline Init File Syntax"></A>
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<H3> 1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax </H3>
<!--docid::SEC10::-->
<P>

There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the
Readline init file.  Blank lines are ignored.
Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> are comments.
Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> indicate conditional
constructs (see section <A HREF="readline.html#SEC11">1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>).  Other lines
denote variable settings and key bindings.
</P><P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT>Variable Settings
<DD>You can modify the run-time behavior of Readline by
altering the values of variables in Readline
using the <CODE>set</CODE> command within the init file.
The syntax is simple:
<P>

<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>set <VAR>variable</VAR> <VAR>value</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>

Here, for example, is how to
change from the default Emacs-like key binding to use
<CODE>vi</CODE> line editing commands:
</P><P>

<TABLE><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class=example><pre>set editing-mode vi
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>

Variable names and values, where appropriate, are recognized without regard
to case. 
</P><P>

A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following
variables.
</P><P>

<A NAME="IDX4"></A>
<DL COMPACT>

<DT><CODE>bell-style</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX5"></A>
Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
If set to <SAMP>`none'</SAMP>, Readline never rings the bell.  If set to
<SAMP>`visible'</SAMP>, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
If set to <SAMP>`audible'</SAMP> (the default), Readline attempts to ring
the terminal's bell.
<P>

<DT><CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX6"></A>
The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the
<CODE>insert-comment</CODE> command is executed.  The default value
is <CODE>"#"</CODE>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE>
<DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX7"></A>
The number of possible completions that determines when the user is
asked whether the list of possibilities should be displayed.
If the number of possible completions is greater than this value,
Readline will ask the user whether or not he wishes to view
them; otherwise, they are simply listed.
This variable must be set to an integer value greater than or equal to 0.
The default limit is <CODE>100</CODE>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>convert-meta</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX8"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will convert characters with the
eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth
bit and prefixing an <KBD>ESC</KBD> character, converting them to a
meta-prefixed key sequence.  The default value is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>disable-completion</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX9"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will inhibit word completion.
Completion  characters will be inserted into the line as if they had
been mapped to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>.  The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>

<DT><CODE>editing-mode</CODE>