include.jsp.html

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<TITLE>Including a File in a JSP Page
(Java Developers Almanac Example)
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    <B><A HREF="../javax.servlet.jsp/pkg.html">javax.servlet.jsp</A></B><font color="#666666" SIZE="-2">
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  <h3>
    e1053.  
    Including a File in a JSP Page</h3>

To include an HTML or JSP fragment in a JSP file, the <code>include</code>
directive is used. The effect is essentially equivalent to replacing
the directive with the contents of the included file. This means that
an included fragment can access any objects defined in the main JSP
page.

<P> The include file specified by <code>include</code> directive is always
relative to the file containing the <code>include</code> directive.  For
example, if a file <code>A.jsp</code> includes <code>dir/B.jsp</code> which in turn
includes <code>C.jsp</code>, <code>C.jsp</code> is assumed to be in the directory
<code>dir</code>.

<P> 
This example includes a file called <code>relativeFragment.jsp</code> which is located
in the same directory as the current file:


<pre>
    &lt;%@ include file=<font color="#0066ff"><i>"relativeFragment.jsp"</i></font> %&gt;
</pre>
This example includes a file called /<code>absoluteFragment.jsp</code> 
which is located relative to the web application's root:

<pre>
    &lt;%@ include file=<font color="#0066ff"><i>"/absoluteFragment.jsp"</i></font> %&gt;
</pre>

At the time the main JSP page is accessed, the <code>include</code> directive
permanently captures the current contents of an included
file. Changes to the included file will not affect the results of the
main JSP page.  If the application depends on capturing the contents
of the included file at the time of each request, then an <code>include</code>
action should be used.

<P> These examples demonstrate how to use an <code>include</code> action to
dynamically include the contents of a relative or absolute fragment at
every request:


<pre>
    &lt;jsp:include page=<font color="#0066ff"><i>"relativeDynFragment.jsp"</i></font> /&gt;
    &lt;jsp:include page=<font color="#0066ff"><i>"relativeDynFragment.html"</i></font> /&gt;
    &lt;jsp:include page=<font color="#0066ff"><i>"/absoluteDynFragment.jsp"</i></font> /&gt;
    &lt;jsp:include page=<font color="#0066ff"><i>"/absoluteDynFragment.html"</i></font> /&gt;
</pre>
It is also possible to dynamically choose the file to include.
This example determines the file to include from a request parameter:

<pre>
    &lt;jsp:include page='&lt;%= request.getParameter(<font color="#0066ff"><i>"incFile"</i></font>) %&gt;' /&gt;
</pre>
See also <a href="../javax.servlet.jsp/caller.jsp.html" class="eglink"><font size="-1"><b>e1054</b> Passing Parameters to Another JSP Page</font></a>.

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            &nbsp;Related Examples
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e1052. <a class="eglink" href="getparam.html?l=rel">
    Getting a Request Parameter in a JSP Page
</a>
<br>

e1054. <a class="eglink" href="caller.jsp.html?l=rel">
    Passing Parameters to Another JSP Page
</a>
<br>

e1055. <a class="eglink" href="usebean.jsp.html?l=rel">
    Using a Bean in a JSP Page
</a>
<br>


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<br>
        See also: 
<a class="eglink" href="/egs/javax.servlet.jsp/pkg.html?l=rel#Java%20Server%20Pages">
    Java Server Pages
</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

<a class="eglink" href="/egs/javax.servlet.jsp/pkg.html?l=rel#Java%20Server%20Pages%20Headers">
    Java Server Pages Headers
</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

<a class="eglink" href="/egs/javax.servlet.jsp/pkg.html?l=rel#Java%20Server%20Pages%20Output">
    Java Server Pages Output
</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;

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