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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312"/><title>转贴：嵌入式系统常用词汇表（2）        turbolinux </title></head><body><center><h1>BBS 水木清华站∶精华区</h1></center><a name="top"></a>发信人:&nbsp;flyboyofhn&nbsp;(生下来就是个诗人),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Embedded&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;转贴：嵌入式系统常用词汇表（2）&nbsp;<br />发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Fri&nbsp;Sep&nbsp;13&nbsp;22:37:36&nbsp;2002),&nbsp;站内信件&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />Profiler（明细观察程序）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;software&nbsp;development&nbsp;tool&nbsp;that&nbsp;collects&nbsp;and&nbsp;reports&nbsp;execution&nbsp;statistics&nbsp;f&nbsp;<br />or&nbsp;your&nbsp;programs.&nbsp;These&nbsp;statistics&nbsp;include&nbsp;the&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;calls&nbsp;to&nbsp;each&nbsp;subro&nbsp;<br />utine&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;total&nbsp;amount&nbsp;of&nbsp;time&nbsp;spent&nbsp;within&nbsp;each.&nbsp;This&nbsp;data&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;used&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />to&nbsp;learn&nbsp;which&nbsp;subroutines&nbsp;are&nbsp;the&nbsp;most&nbsp;critical&nbsp;and,&nbsp;therefore,&nbsp;demand&nbsp;the&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />greatest&nbsp;code&nbsp;efficiency.&nbsp;<br />一种报告你的程序运行统计数据的软件调试工具。这些统计数据包括调用每个子程序的&nbsp;<br />次数和用去的时间。这些数据常被用来了解哪些子程序是最关键的，并且，由此要求使&nbsp;<br />最好的代码有效率。&nbsp;<br />program&nbsp;counter&nbsp;<br />See&nbsp;instruction&nbsp;pointer.&nbsp;<br />R&nbsp;<br />RAM（随机访问存储器）&nbsp;<br />Random-Access&nbsp;Memory.&nbsp;A&nbsp;broad&nbsp;classification&nbsp;of&nbsp;memory&nbsp;devices&nbsp;that&nbsp;includes&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;all&nbsp;devices&nbsp;in&nbsp;which&nbsp;individual&nbsp;memory&nbsp;locations&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;read&nbsp;or&nbsp;written&nbsp;as&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />required.&nbsp;<br />随机访问存储器。一个包含了所有每个地址能被按需读写的存储设备的粗略分类。&nbsp;<br />RISC（精简指令集计算机）&nbsp;<br />Reduced&nbsp;Instruction&nbsp;Set&nbsp;Computer.&nbsp;Describes&nbsp;the&nbsp;architecture&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;processor&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />family.&nbsp;RISC&nbsp;processors&nbsp;generally&nbsp;feature&nbsp;fixed-length&nbsp;instructions,&nbsp;a&nbsp;load-&nbsp;<br />store&nbsp;memory&nbsp;architecture,&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;large&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;general-purpose&nbsp;registers&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br />nd/or&nbsp;register&nbsp;windows.&nbsp;The&nbsp;MIPS&nbsp;processor&nbsp;family&nbsp;is&nbsp;an&nbsp;excellent&nbsp;example.&nbsp;C&nbsp;<br />ontrast&nbsp;with&nbsp;CISC.&nbsp;<br />精简指令集计算机。一个处理器族的描述。RISC处理器一般的特征是固定长度的指令集&nbsp;<br />，一个负载储备存储结构，和大量通用寄存器，及寄存器窗口。MIPS处理器族是极好的&nbsp;<br />例子。相对CISC而言。&nbsp;<br />ROM（只读存储器）&nbsp;<br />Read-Only&nbsp;Memory.&nbsp;A&nbsp;broad&nbsp;classification&nbsp;of&nbsp;memory&nbsp;devices&nbsp;that&nbsp;includes&nbsp;all&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;devices&nbsp;in&nbsp;which&nbsp;the&nbsp;individual&nbsp;memory&nbsp;locations&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;read,&nbsp;but&nbsp;not&nbsp;writt&nbsp;<br />en.&nbsp;<br />只读存储器。一个包括所的的每个地址只能被读，不能被写的存储器的大概分类。&nbsp;<br />ROM&nbsp;emulator（ROM模拟器）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;debugging&nbsp;tool&nbsp;that&nbsp;takes&nbsp;the&nbsp;place&nbsp;of-or&nbsp;emulates-the&nbsp;ROM&nbsp;on&nbsp;your&nbsp;target&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />board.&nbsp;A&nbsp;ROM&nbsp;emulator&nbsp;acts&nbsp;very&nbsp;much&nbsp;like&nbsp;a&nbsp;debug&nbsp;monitor,&nbsp;except&nbsp;that&nbsp;it&nbsp;in&nbsp;<br />cludes&nbsp;its&nbsp;own&nbsp;serial&nbsp;or&nbsp;network&nbsp;connection&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;host.&nbsp;<br />一种在你的目标板上代替或模拟ROM的调试工具。ROM模拟器动作起来象一个除错监视器&nbsp;<br />，除了它包含自己连到主机上的串口或网络外。&nbsp;<br />ROM&nbsp;monitor&nbsp;<br />See&nbsp;debug&nbsp;monitor.&nbsp;<br />RTOS（实时操作系统）&nbsp;<br />Real-Time&nbsp;Operating&nbsp;System.&nbsp;An&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system&nbsp;designed&nbsp;specifically&nbsp;for&nbsp;us&nbsp;<br />e&nbsp;in&nbsp;real-time&nbsp;systems.&nbsp;<br />实时操作系统。一种被特殊设计来用在实时系统中的操作系统。&nbsp;<br />race&nbsp;condition（竞争状态）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;situation&nbsp;in&nbsp;which&nbsp;the&nbsp;outcome&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;program&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;affected&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;exact&nbsp;o&nbsp;<br />rder&nbsp;in&nbsp;which&nbsp;the&nbsp;instructions&nbsp;are&nbsp;executed.&nbsp;Race&nbsp;conditions&nbsp;are&nbsp;only&nbsp;an&nbsp;iss&nbsp;<br />ue&nbsp;where&nbsp;interrupts&nbsp;and/or&nbsp;preemption&nbsp;are&nbsp;possible&nbsp;and&nbsp;where&nbsp;critical&nbsp;sectio&nbsp;<br />ns&nbsp;exist.&nbsp;<br />一种程序运行的结果可能被指令执行的顺序影响的情形。竞争状态仅仅有一种情况下产&nbsp;<br />生，在此处中断或（和）优先抢占是充许的并且有一个临界区存在。&nbsp;<br />real-time&nbsp;system（实时系统）&nbsp;<br />Any&nbsp;computer&nbsp;system,&nbsp;embedded&nbsp;or&nbsp;otherwise,&nbsp;that&nbsp;has&nbsp;deadlines.&nbsp;The&nbsp;followin&nbsp;<br />g&nbsp;question&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;used&nbsp;to&nbsp;distinguish&nbsp;real-time&nbsp;systems&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;rest:&nbsp;&quot;Is&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;late&nbsp;answer&nbsp;as&nbsp;bad,&nbsp;or&nbsp;even&nbsp;worse,&nbsp;than&nbsp;a&nbsp;wrong&nbsp;answer?&quot;&nbsp;In&nbsp;other&nbsp;words,&nbsp;wh&nbsp;<br />at&nbsp;happens&nbsp;if&nbsp;the&nbsp;computation&nbsp;doesn&quot;t&nbsp;finish&nbsp;in&nbsp;time?&nbsp;If&nbsp;nothing&nbsp;bad&nbsp;happens&nbsp;<br />,&nbsp;it&quot;s&nbsp;not&nbsp;a&nbsp;real-time&nbsp;system.&nbsp;If&nbsp;someone&nbsp;dies&nbsp;or&nbsp;the&nbsp;mission&nbsp;fails,&nbsp;it&quot;s&nbsp;ge&nbsp;<br />nerally&nbsp;considered&nbsp;&quot;hard&quot;&nbsp;real-time,&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbsp;meant&nbsp;to&nbsp;imply&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;system&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;has&nbsp;&quot;hard&quot;&nbsp;deadlines.&nbsp;Everything&nbsp;in&nbsp;between&nbsp;is&nbsp;&quot;soft&quot;&nbsp;real-time.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;任何计算机系统，嵌入的或其他的，有一个死线。以下的问题可经被用来区分实时&nbsp;<br />系统与其他的系统：“是迟到的回答坏，还是一个错误的回答坏？”换句话说，如果计&nbsp;<br />算机没有在指定时间内完成它的工作会发生什么？如果什么也没有发生，它不是一个实&nbsp;<br />时系统。如果一些人死或任务失败，它被认为是“硬”实时系统，意思是系统有一个“&nbsp;<br />硬”死线。介于两者之间的是“软”实时系统。&nbsp;<br />Recursive（递归）&nbsp;<br />Said&nbsp;of&nbsp;software&nbsp;that&nbsp;calls&nbsp;itself.&nbsp;Recursion&nbsp;should&nbsp;generally&nbsp;be&nbsp;avoided&nbsp;in&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;an&nbsp;embedded&nbsp;system,&nbsp;since&nbsp;it&nbsp;frequently&nbsp;requires&nbsp;a&nbsp;large&nbsp;stack.&nbsp;<br />自己调用自己的程序的说法。递归一般在嵌入式系统中是不充许的，因为它常常占有大&nbsp;<br />量的堆栈空间。&nbsp;<br />Reentrant（可再入的）&nbsp;<br />Said&nbsp;of&nbsp;software&nbsp;that&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;executed&nbsp;multiple&nbsp;times&nbsp;simultaneously.&nbsp;A&nbsp;reent&nbsp;<br />rant&nbsp;function&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;safely&nbsp;called&nbsp;recursively&nbsp;or&nbsp;from&nbsp;multiple&nbsp;tasks.&nbsp;The&nbsp;k&nbsp;<br />ey&nbsp;to&nbsp;making&nbsp;code&nbsp;reentrant&nbsp;is&nbsp;to&nbsp;ensure&nbsp;mutual&nbsp;exclusion&nbsp;whenever&nbsp;accessing&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;global&nbsp;variables&nbsp;or&nbsp;shared&nbsp;registers.&nbsp;<br />可同时多次运行的程序的说法。可再入的函数可以被安全地递归调用或由多任务多次调&nbsp;<br />用。使代码可再入的关键在于确保在访问全局变量或共享寄存器时互斥现象发生。&nbsp;<br />Register（寄存器）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;memory&nbsp;location&nbsp;that&nbsp;is&nbsp;part&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;processor&nbsp;or&nbsp;an&nbsp;I/O&nbsp;device.&nbsp;In&nbsp;other&nbsp;wor&nbsp;<br />ds,&nbsp;it&quot;s&nbsp;not&nbsp;normal&nbsp;memory.&nbsp;Generally,&nbsp;each&nbsp;bit&nbsp;or&nbsp;set&nbsp;of&nbsp;bits&nbsp;within&nbsp;the&nbsp;re&nbsp;<br />gister&nbsp;controls&nbsp;some&nbsp;behavior&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;larger&nbsp;device.&nbsp;<br />是处理器或I/O设备一部分的储存器的地址。换句话说，不是标准的储存器。一般地，在&nbsp;<br />寄存器控制每一二进制位或二进制位的集控制大量设备的一些行为。&nbsp;<br />Relocatable（可重定位的）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;file&nbsp;containing&nbsp;object&nbsp;code&nbsp;that&nbsp;is&nbsp;almost&nbsp;ready&nbsp;for&nbsp;execution&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;targ&nbsp;<br />et.&nbsp;The&nbsp;final&nbsp;step&nbsp;is&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;a&nbsp;locator&nbsp;to&nbsp;fix&nbsp;the&nbsp;remaining&nbsp;relocatable&nbsp;addr&nbsp;<br />esses&nbsp;within&nbsp;the&nbsp;code.&nbsp;The&nbsp;result&nbsp;of&nbsp;that&nbsp;process&nbsp;is&nbsp;an&nbsp;executable.&nbsp;<br />包含几乎可以准备好在目标机上运行的目标代码的文件。最后一步是使用定位程序去整&nbsp;<br />理保留在代码中的可重定位地址。这个步骤的结果是一个可执行的程序。&nbsp;<br />reset&nbsp;address（重启地址）&nbsp;<br />The&nbsp;address&nbsp;from&nbsp;which&nbsp;the&nbsp;first&nbsp;instruction&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;fetched&nbsp;after&nbsp;the&nbsp;proce&nbsp;<br />ssor&nbsp;is&nbsp;powered&nbsp;on&nbsp;or&nbsp;reset.&nbsp;<br />一个处理器上电或重启后第一个指令能被从之取出来的地址。&nbsp;<br />reset&nbsp;code（重启代码）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;small&nbsp;piece&nbsp;of&nbsp;code&nbsp;that&nbsp;is&nbsp;placed&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;reset&nbsp;address.&nbsp;The&nbsp;reset&nbsp;code&nbsp;is&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;usually&nbsp;written&nbsp;in&nbsp;assembly&nbsp;language&nbsp;and&nbsp;may&nbsp;simply&nbsp;be&nbsp;the&nbsp;equivalent&nbsp;of&nbsp;&quot;j&nbsp;<br />ump&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;startup&nbsp;code.&quot;&nbsp;<br />一段被放置在重启地址的代码。重启代码一般用汇编语言编写并且可能相当简单，只是&nbsp;<br />
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