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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312"/><title>转贴：嵌入式系统常用词汇表             turbolinux </title></head><body><center><h1>BBS 水木清华站∶精华区</h1></center><a name="top"></a>发信人:&nbsp;flyboyofhn&nbsp;(生下来就是个诗人),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Embedded&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;转贴：嵌入式系统常用词汇表&nbsp;<br />发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Fri&nbsp;Sep&nbsp;13&nbsp;22:36:13&nbsp;2002),&nbsp;站内信件&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />主题：自己翻译的嵌入式系统词汇表。我是初学者，水平有限，大家随便看看！&nbsp;&lt;---&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />〖回复该帖子〗&nbsp;<br />嵌入式系统词汇表&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;<br />ASIC（专用集成电路）&nbsp;<br />Application-Specific&nbsp;Integrated&nbsp;Circuit.&nbsp;A&nbsp;piece&nbsp;of&nbsp;custom-designed&nbsp;hardware&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;chip.&nbsp;<br />专用集成电路。一个在一个芯片上定制设计的硬件。&nbsp;<br />address&nbsp;bus&nbsp;（地址总线）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;set&nbsp;of&nbsp;electrical&nbsp;lines&nbsp;connected&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor&nbsp;and&nbsp;all&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;peripher&nbsp;<br />als&nbsp;withwhich&nbsp;itcommunicates.&nbsp;The&nbsp;address&nbsp;bus&nbsp;is&nbsp;used&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor&nbsp;to&nbsp;se&nbsp;<br />lect&nbsp;aspecific&nbsp;memory&nbsp;location&nbsp;or&nbsp;register&nbsp;within&nbsp;a&nbsp;particular&nbsp;peripheral.&nbsp;I&nbsp;<br />f&nbsp;the&nbsp;address&nbsp;bus&nbsp;contains&nbsp;n&nbsp;electrical&nbsp;lines,&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor&nbsp;can&nbsp;uniquely&nbsp;ad&nbsp;<br />dress&nbsp;up&nbsp;to&nbsp;2^n&nbsp;such&nbsp;locations.&nbsp;<br />一个连接处理器与所有外设的，用来通讯的电子线路集。地址总线被处理器用来选择在&nbsp;<br />特定外设中的存储器地址或寄存器。如果地址总线有n条电子线路，处理器能唯一寻址高&nbsp;<br />达2^n的地址空间。&nbsp;<br />application&nbsp;software（应用软件）&nbsp;<br />Describes&nbsp;software&nbsp;modules&nbsp;specific&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;particular&nbsp;embedded&nbsp;project.&nbsp;Theapp&nbsp;<br />lication&nbsp;software&nbsp;is&nbsp;unlikely&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;reusable&nbsp;across&nbsp;embedded&nbsp;platforms,&nbsp;simp&nbsp;<br />lybecause&nbsp;each&nbsp;embedded&nbsp;system&nbsp;has&nbsp;a&nbsp;different&nbsp;application.&nbsp;<br />用来描述一个特定的嵌入式项目中的某一软件模块。应用软件不象可重用的交叉嵌入式&nbsp;<br />平台，只是因为每一个嵌入式系统有不同的应用软件。&nbsp;<br />assembler（汇编编译器）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;software&nbsp;development&nbsp;tool&nbsp;that&nbsp;translates&nbsp;human-readable&nbsp;assembly&nbsp;language&nbsp;<br />programs&nbsp;into&nbsp;machine-language&nbsp;instructions&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor&nbsp;can&nbsp;understan&nbsp;<br />dand&nbsp;execute.&nbsp;<br />一个能把人可读的汇编语言程序转换到处理器可理解和运行的机器指令的软件开发工具&nbsp;<br />。&nbsp;<br />assembly&nbsp;language（汇编语言）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;human-readable&nbsp;form&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;processor&quot;s&nbsp;instruction&nbsp;set.&nbsp;Most&nbsp;processor-speci&nbsp;<br />fic&nbsp;functions&nbsp;must&nbsp;be&nbsp;written&nbsp;in&nbsp;assembly&nbsp;language.&nbsp;<br />一种人可读的处理器指令集的形式。大多数处理器相关的功能必须用汇编语言编写。&nbsp;<br />B&nbsp;<br />BSP（板卡支持包）&nbsp;<br />See&nbsp;board&nbsp;support&nbsp;package.&nbsp;<br />见board&nbsp;support&nbsp;package。&nbsp;<br />binary&nbsp;semaphore(二元信号)&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;type&nbsp;of&nbsp;semaphore&nbsp;with&nbsp;just&nbsp;two&nbsp;states.&nbsp;Also&nbsp;called&nbsp;a&nbsp;mutex.&nbsp;<br />一种只有两种状态的信号。也叫互斥信号。&nbsp;<br />board&nbsp;support&nbsp;package（板卡支持包）&nbsp;<br />Part&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;software&nbsp;package&nbsp;that&nbsp;is&nbsp;processor&nbsp;or&nbsp;platform-dependent.&nbsp;Typicall&nbsp;<br />y,sample&nbsp;source&nbsp;code&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;board&nbsp;support&nbsp;package&nbsp;is&nbsp;provided&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;packag&nbsp;<br />e&nbsp;developer.&nbsp;The&nbsp;sample&nbsp;code&nbsp;must&nbsp;be&nbsp;modified&nbsp;as&nbsp;necessary,&nbsp;compiled,&nbsp;and&nbsp;li&nbsp;<br />nked&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;remainder&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;software&nbsp;package.&nbsp;<br />软件包的具有平台依赖性的那一部分。典型地，板卡支持包的样例源程序由包开发者提&nbsp;<br />供。样例源程序必须能在需要时被修改、编译并与软件包的剩下的部分连接起来。&nbsp;<br />bond-out&nbsp;processor&nbsp;（外合处理器）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;special&nbsp;version&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;processor&nbsp;that&nbsp;has&nbsp;some&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;internal&nbsp;signals&nbsp;broug&nbsp;<br />ht&nbsp;out&nbsp;to&nbsp;external&nbsp;pins.&nbsp;A&nbsp;bond-out&nbsp;processor&nbsp;is&nbsp;most&nbsp;often&nbsp;found&nbsp;within&nbsp;an&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />emulator&nbsp;and&nbsp;is&nbsp;never&nbsp;intended&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;production&nbsp;system.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;一种特殊版本的处理器，它有一些，内部的信号能传达到外置的针脚上。一个外合处&nbsp;<br />理器绝大多数情况下只用在模拟器上，从来不会被特意用在产品系统上。&nbsp;<br />Breakpoint&nbsp;（断点）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;location&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;program&nbsp;at&nbsp;which&nbsp;execution&nbsp;is&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;stopped&nbsp;and&nbsp;control&nbsp;of&nbsp;t&nbsp;<br />he&nbsp;processor&nbsp;switched&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;debugger.&nbsp;Mechanisms&nbsp;for&nbsp;creating&nbsp;and&nbsp;removing&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />breakpoints&nbsp;are&nbsp;provided&nbsp;by&nbsp;most&nbsp;debugging&nbsp;tools.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;一个在程序中的地址，在那里程序的执行被停止，并且处理器的控制转换到了除错程&nbsp;<br />序。大多数除错工具提供增加与删除一个断点的机制。&nbsp;<br />C&nbsp;<br />CISC（复杂指令集计算机）&nbsp;<br />Complex&nbsp;Instruction&nbsp;Set&nbsp;Computer.&nbsp;Describes&nbsp;the&nbsp;architecture&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;processor&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />family.&nbsp;CISC&nbsp;processors&nbsp;generally&nbsp;feature&nbsp;variable-length&nbsp;instructions,&nbsp;mult&nbsp;<br />iple&nbsp;addressing&nbsp;formats,&nbsp;and&nbsp;contain&nbsp;only&nbsp;a&nbsp;small&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;general-purpose&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />registers.&nbsp;Intel&quot;s&nbsp;80x86&nbsp;family&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;quintessential&nbsp;example&nbsp;of&nbsp;CISC.&nbsp;Contr&nbsp;<br />ast&nbsp;with&nbsp;RISC.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;复杂指令集计算机。对一种处理器架构的描述。CISC处理器一般产生变长的指令，多&nbsp;<br />种地址格式，并且仅仅有少量的通用寄存器。Intel的80x86家族是是典型的CISC处理器&nbsp;<br />。相对于RISC而言。&nbsp;<br />CPU（中央处理器）&nbsp;<br />Central&nbsp;Processing&nbsp;Unit.&nbsp;The&nbsp;part&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;processor&nbsp;that&nbsp;executes&nbsp;instructions.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />中央处理器。处理器中执行指令的那一部分。&nbsp;<br />Compiler（编译器）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;software&nbsp;development&nbsp;tool&nbsp;that&nbsp;translates&nbsp;high-level&nbsp;language&nbsp;programs&nbsp;int&nbsp;<br />o&nbsp;the&nbsp;machine-language&nbsp;instructions&nbsp;that&nbsp;a&nbsp;particular&nbsp;processor&nbsp;can&nbsp;understa&nbsp;<br />nd&nbsp;and&nbsp;execute.&nbsp;<br />把高级编程语言程序转换到只有特定的处理器能了解和执行的机器指令的一种软件开发&nbsp;<br />包。&nbsp;<br />context&nbsp;（上下文）&nbsp;<br />The&nbsp;current&nbsp;state&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor&quot;s&nbsp;registers&nbsp;and&nbsp;flags.&nbsp;<br />处理器当前的状态和标志。&nbsp;<br />context&nbsp;switch（上下文切换）&nbsp;<br />The&nbsp;process&nbsp;of&nbsp;switching&nbsp;from&nbsp;one&nbsp;task&nbsp;to&nbsp;another&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;multitasking&nbsp;operatin&nbsp;<br />g&nbsp;system.&nbsp;A&nbsp;context&nbsp;switch&nbsp;involves&nbsp;saving&nbsp;the&nbsp;context&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;running&nbsp;task&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br />nd&nbsp;restoring&nbsp;the&nbsp;previously-saved&nbsp;context&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;other.&nbsp;The&nbsp;piece&nbsp;of&nbsp;code&nbsp;th&nbsp;<br />at&nbsp;does&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;necessarily&nbsp;processor-specific.&nbsp;<br />在多任务操作系统中我一个任务切换到另一个的过程。上下文切换包括保存正在运行的&nbsp;<br />任务的上下文和恢复早先保存的另一个任务的上下文。做这个工作的一段代码必须具有&nbsp;<br />处理器特权。&nbsp;<br />counting&nbsp;semaphore（计数信号）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;type&nbsp;of&nbsp;semaphore&nbsp;that&nbsp;is&nbsp;used&nbsp;to&nbsp;track&nbsp;multiple&nbsp;resources&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;typ&nbsp;<br />e.&nbsp;An&nbsp;attempt&nbsp;to&nbsp;take&nbsp;a&nbsp;counting&nbsp;semaphore&nbsp;is&nbsp;blocked&nbsp;only&nbsp;if&nbsp;all&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;ava&nbsp;<br />ilable&nbsp;resources&nbsp;are&nbsp;in&nbsp;use.&nbsp;Contrast&nbsp;with&nbsp;binary&nbsp;semaphore.&nbsp;<br />一种用来跟踪多个相同类型资源的信号灯。仅仅在所有可用的资源都被用完了时才阻塞&nbsp;<br />。相对二元信号而言。&nbsp;<br />critical&nbsp;section（临界段）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;block&nbsp;of&nbsp;code&nbsp;that&nbsp;must&nbsp;be&nbsp;executed&nbsp;in&nbsp;sequence&nbsp;and&nbsp;without&nbsp;interruption&nbsp;t&nbsp;<br />o&nbsp;guarantee&nbsp;correct&nbsp;operation&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;software.&nbsp;See&nbsp;also&nbsp;race&nbsp;condition.&nbsp;<br />一段必须按次序执行的代码，并且不能被中断，否则不能保证软件正确地操作。参照：&nbsp;<br />竞争状况。&nbsp;<br />cross-compiler（交叉编译器）&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;A&nbsp;compiler&nbsp;that&nbsp;runs&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;different&nbsp;platform&nbsp;than&nbsp;the&nbsp;one&nbsp;for&nbsp;which&nbsp;it&nbsp;prod&nbsp;<br />uces&nbsp;object&nbsp;code.&nbsp;A&nbsp;cross-compiler&nbsp;runs&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;host&nbsp;computer&nbsp;and&nbsp;produces&nbsp;obje&nbsp;<br />ct&nbsp;code&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;target.&nbsp;<br />一个运行在不同的平台上的编译器，其中之一能产生目标代码。交叉编译器在主机上运&nbsp;<br />行并且产生目标机的目标代码。&nbsp;<br />D&nbsp;<br />DMA（直接内存访问）&nbsp;<br />Direct&nbsp;Memory&nbsp;Access.&nbsp;A&nbsp;technique&nbsp;for&nbsp;transferring&nbsp;data&nbsp;directly&nbsp;between&nbsp;two&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;peripherals&nbsp;(usually&nbsp;memory&nbsp;and&nbsp;an&nbsp;I/O&nbsp;device)&nbsp;with&nbsp;only&nbsp;minimal&nbsp;interventi&nbsp;<br />on&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor.&nbsp;DMA&nbsp;transfers&nbsp;are&nbsp;managed&nbsp;by&nbsp;a&nbsp;third&nbsp;peripheral&nbsp;called&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />a&nbsp;DMA&nbsp;controller.&nbsp;<br />直接内存访问。一种直接在两个外设（通常是内存和I/O设备）之间进行数据传输的技术&nbsp;<br />，它只要处理器最少的介入。DMA传输由叫DMA控制器的第三方外设进行管理。&nbsp;<br />DRAM（动态随机访问存储器）&nbsp;<br />Dynamic&nbsp;Random-Access&nbsp;Memory.&nbsp;A&nbsp;type&nbsp;of&nbsp;RAM&nbsp;that&nbsp;maintains&nbsp;its&nbsp;contents&nbsp;only&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;as&nbsp;long&nbsp;as&nbsp;the&nbsp;data&nbsp;stored&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;device&nbsp;is&nbsp;refreshed&nbsp;at&nbsp;regular&nbsp;intervals.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;The&nbsp;refresh&nbsp;cycles&nbsp;are&nbsp;usually&nbsp;performed&nbsp;by&nbsp;a&nbsp;peripheral&nbsp;called&nbsp;a&nbsp;DRAM&nbsp;cont&nbsp;<br />roller.&nbsp;<br />动态随机访问存储器。一种RAM，存储在其设备中的数据被定期刷新时才能保存它的内容&nbsp;<br />。刷新周期一般由一个叫DRAM控制器的外设完成。&nbsp;<br />Data&nbsp;bus（数据总线）&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;set&nbsp;of&nbsp;electrical&nbsp;lines&nbsp;connected&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor&nbsp;and&nbsp;all&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;peripher&nbsp;<br />als&nbsp;with&nbsp;which&nbsp;it&nbsp;communicates.&nbsp;When&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor&nbsp;wants&nbsp;to&nbsp;read&nbsp;(write)&nbsp;the&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;contents&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;memory&nbsp;location&nbsp;or&nbsp;register&nbsp;within&nbsp;a&nbsp;particular&nbsp;peripheral,&nbsp;i&nbsp;<br />t&nbsp;sets&nbsp;the&nbsp;address&nbsp;bus&nbsp;pins&nbsp;appropriately&nbsp;and&nbsp;receives&nbsp;(transmits)&nbsp;the&nbsp;conte&nbsp;<br />nts&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;data&nbsp;bus.&nbsp;<br />连接处理器与所有外设进行通讯的电子线路集。当一个处理器想去写（读）某一特定外&nbsp;<br />设中的存储器地址或寄存器中的内容时，处理器设置地址总线并在数据总线上接收（传&nbsp;<br />输）内容。&nbsp;<br />
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