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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312"/><title>嵌入式系统词汇表                       afh </title></head><body><center><h1>BBS 水木清华站∶精华区</h1></center><a name="top"></a>发信人:&nbsp;beary&nbsp;(京酱肉丝),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Embedded&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;嵌入式系统词汇表&nbsp;<br />发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Fri&nbsp;May&nbsp;19&nbsp;18:00:56&nbsp;2000)&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;<br />ASIC&nbsp;<br />Application-Specific&nbsp;Integrated&nbsp;Circuit.&nbsp;A&nbsp;piece&nbsp;of&nbsp;custom-designed&nbsp;hardware&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br />chip.&nbsp;<br />address&nbsp;bus&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;set&nbsp;of&nbsp;electrical&nbsp;lines&nbsp;connected&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor&nbsp;and&nbsp;all&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;peripher&nbsp;<br />als&nbsp;with&nbsp;<br />which&nbsp;it&nbsp;communicates.&nbsp;The&nbsp;address&nbsp;bus&nbsp;is&nbsp;used&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor&nbsp;to&nbsp;select&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br />specific&nbsp;memory&nbsp;location&nbsp;or&nbsp;register&nbsp;within&nbsp;a&nbsp;particular&nbsp;peripheral.&nbsp;If&nbsp;the&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />address&nbsp;<br />bus&nbsp;contains&nbsp;n&nbsp;electrical&nbsp;lines,&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor&nbsp;can&nbsp;uniquely&nbsp;address&nbsp;up&nbsp;to&nbsp;2^&nbsp;<br />n&nbsp;such&nbsp;<br />locations.&nbsp;<br />application&nbsp;software&nbsp;<br />Describes&nbsp;software&nbsp;modules&nbsp;specific&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;particular&nbsp;embedded&nbsp;project.&nbsp;The&nbsp;<br />application&nbsp;software&nbsp;is&nbsp;unlikely&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;reusable&nbsp;across&nbsp;embedded&nbsp;platforms,&nbsp;s&nbsp;<br />imply&nbsp;<br />because&nbsp;each&nbsp;embedded&nbsp;system&nbsp;has&nbsp;a&nbsp;different&nbsp;application.&nbsp;<br />assembler&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;software&nbsp;development&nbsp;tool&nbsp;that&nbsp;translates&nbsp;human-readable&nbsp;assembly&nbsp;language&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />programs&nbsp;into&nbsp;machine-language&nbsp;instructions&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor&nbsp;can&nbsp;understan&nbsp;<br />d&nbsp;<br />and&nbsp;execute.&nbsp;<br />assembly&nbsp;language&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;human-readable&nbsp;form&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;processor's&nbsp;instruction&nbsp;set.&nbsp;Most&nbsp;processor-speci&nbsp;<br />fic&nbsp;<br />functions&nbsp;must&nbsp;be&nbsp;written&nbsp;in&nbsp;assembly&nbsp;language.&nbsp;<br />B&nbsp;<br />BSP&nbsp;<br />See&nbsp;board&nbsp;support&nbsp;package.&nbsp;<br />binary&nbsp;semaphore&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;type&nbsp;of&nbsp;semaphore&nbsp;with&nbsp;just&nbsp;two&nbsp;states.&nbsp;Also&nbsp;called&nbsp;a&nbsp;mutex.&nbsp;<br />board&nbsp;support&nbsp;package&nbsp;<br />Part&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;software&nbsp;package&nbsp;that&nbsp;is&nbsp;processor&nbsp;or&nbsp;platform-dependent.&nbsp;Typicall&nbsp;<br />y,&nbsp;<br />sample&nbsp;source&nbsp;code&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;board&nbsp;support&nbsp;package&nbsp;is&nbsp;provided&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;package&nbsp;<br />developer.&nbsp;The&nbsp;sample&nbsp;code&nbsp;must&nbsp;be&nbsp;modified&nbsp;as&nbsp;necessary,&nbsp;compiled,&nbsp;and&nbsp;link&nbsp;<br />ed&nbsp;<br />with&nbsp;the&nbsp;remainder&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;software&nbsp;package.&nbsp;<br />bond-out&nbsp;processor&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;special&nbsp;version&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;processor&nbsp;that&nbsp;has&nbsp;some&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;internal&nbsp;signals&nbsp;broug&nbsp;<br />ht&nbsp;out&nbsp;<br />to&nbsp;external&nbsp;pins.&nbsp;A&nbsp;bond-out&nbsp;processor&nbsp;is&nbsp;most&nbsp;often&nbsp;found&nbsp;within&nbsp;an&nbsp;emulato&nbsp;<br />r&nbsp;and&nbsp;<br />is&nbsp;never&nbsp;intended&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;production&nbsp;system.&nbsp;<br />breakpoint&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;location&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;program&nbsp;at&nbsp;which&nbsp;execution&nbsp;is&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;stopped&nbsp;and&nbsp;control&nbsp;of&nbsp;t&nbsp;<br />he&nbsp;<br />processor&nbsp;switched&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;debugger.&nbsp;Mechanisms&nbsp;for&nbsp;creating&nbsp;and&nbsp;removing&nbsp;<br />breakpoints&nbsp;are&nbsp;provided&nbsp;by&nbsp;most&nbsp;debugging&nbsp;tools.&nbsp;<br />C&nbsp;<br />CISC&nbsp;<br />Complex&nbsp;Instruction&nbsp;Set&nbsp;Computer.&nbsp;Describes&nbsp;the&nbsp;architecture&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;processor&nbsp;<br />family.&nbsp;CISC&nbsp;processors&nbsp;generally&nbsp;feature&nbsp;variable-length&nbsp;instructions,&nbsp;mult&nbsp;<br />iple&nbsp;<br />addressing&nbsp;formats,&nbsp;and&nbsp;contain&nbsp;only&nbsp;a&nbsp;small&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;general-purpose&nbsp;regis&nbsp;<br />ters.&nbsp;<br />Intel's&nbsp;80x86&nbsp;family&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;quintessential&nbsp;example&nbsp;of&nbsp;CISC.&nbsp;Contrast&nbsp;with&nbsp;RI&nbsp;<br />SC.&nbsp;<br />CPU&nbsp;<br />Central&nbsp;Processing&nbsp;Unit.&nbsp;The&nbsp;part&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;processor&nbsp;that&nbsp;executes&nbsp;instructions.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />compiler&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;software&nbsp;development&nbsp;tool&nbsp;that&nbsp;translates&nbsp;high-level&nbsp;language&nbsp;programs&nbsp;int&nbsp;<br />o&nbsp;the&nbsp;<br />machine-language&nbsp;instructions&nbsp;that&nbsp;a&nbsp;particular&nbsp;processor&nbsp;can&nbsp;understand&nbsp;and&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />execute.&nbsp;<br />context&nbsp;<br />The&nbsp;current&nbsp;state&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor's&nbsp;registers&nbsp;and&nbsp;flags.&nbsp;<br />context&nbsp;switch&nbsp;<br />The&nbsp;process&nbsp;of&nbsp;switching&nbsp;from&nbsp;one&nbsp;task&nbsp;to&nbsp;another&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;multitasking&nbsp;operatin&nbsp;<br />g&nbsp;<br />system.&nbsp;A&nbsp;context&nbsp;switch&nbsp;involves&nbsp;saving&nbsp;the&nbsp;context&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;running&nbsp;task&nbsp;and&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />restoring&nbsp;the&nbsp;previously-saved&nbsp;context&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;other.&nbsp;The&nbsp;piece&nbsp;of&nbsp;code&nbsp;that&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />does&nbsp;<br />this&nbsp;is&nbsp;necessarily&nbsp;processor-specific.&nbsp;<br />counting&nbsp;semaphore&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;type&nbsp;of&nbsp;semaphore&nbsp;that&nbsp;is&nbsp;used&nbsp;to&nbsp;track&nbsp;multiple&nbsp;resources&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;typ&nbsp;<br />e.&nbsp;An&nbsp;<br />attempt&nbsp;to&nbsp;take&nbsp;a&nbsp;counting&nbsp;semaphore&nbsp;is&nbsp;blocked&nbsp;only&nbsp;if&nbsp;all&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;available&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />resources&nbsp;are&nbsp;in&nbsp;use.&nbsp;Contrast&nbsp;with&nbsp;binary&nbsp;semaphore.&nbsp;<br />critical&nbsp;section&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;block&nbsp;of&nbsp;code&nbsp;that&nbsp;must&nbsp;be&nbsp;executed&nbsp;in&nbsp;sequence&nbsp;and&nbsp;without&nbsp;interruption&nbsp;t&nbsp;<br />o&nbsp;<br />guarantee&nbsp;correct&nbsp;operation&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;software.&nbsp;See&nbsp;also&nbsp;race&nbsp;condition.&nbsp;<br />cross-compiler&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;compiler&nbsp;that&nbsp;runs&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;different&nbsp;platform&nbsp;than&nbsp;the&nbsp;one&nbsp;for&nbsp;which&nbsp;it&nbsp;produ&nbsp;<br />ces&nbsp;<br />object&nbsp;code.&nbsp;A&nbsp;cross-compiler&nbsp;runs&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;host&nbsp;computer&nbsp;and&nbsp;produces&nbsp;object&nbsp;co&nbsp;<br />de&nbsp;<br />for&nbsp;the&nbsp;target.&nbsp;<br />D&nbsp;<br />DMA&nbsp;<br />Direct&nbsp;Memory&nbsp;Access.&nbsp;A&nbsp;technique&nbsp;for&nbsp;transferring&nbsp;data&nbsp;directly&nbsp;between&nbsp;two&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />peripherals&nbsp;(usually&nbsp;memory&nbsp;and&nbsp;an&nbsp;I/O&nbsp;device)&nbsp;with&nbsp;only&nbsp;minimal&nbsp;interventio&nbsp;<br />n&nbsp;by&nbsp;<br />the&nbsp;processor.&nbsp;DMA&nbsp;transfers&nbsp;are&nbsp;managed&nbsp;by&nbsp;a&nbsp;third&nbsp;peripheral&nbsp;called&nbsp;a&nbsp;DMA&nbsp;<br />controller.&nbsp;<br />DRAM&nbsp;<br />Dynamic&nbsp;Random-Access&nbsp;Memory.&nbsp;A&nbsp;type&nbsp;of&nbsp;RAM&nbsp;that&nbsp;maintains&nbsp;its&nbsp;contents&nbsp;only&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />as&nbsp;long&nbsp;as&nbsp;the&nbsp;data&nbsp;stored&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;device&nbsp;is&nbsp;refreshed&nbsp;at&nbsp;regular&nbsp;intervals.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />The&nbsp;<br />refresh&nbsp;cycles&nbsp;are&nbsp;usually&nbsp;performed&nbsp;by&nbsp;a&nbsp;peripheral&nbsp;called&nbsp;a&nbsp;DRAM&nbsp;controlle&nbsp;<br />r.&nbsp;<br />DSP&nbsp;<br />See&nbsp;digital&nbsp;signal&nbsp;processor.&nbsp;<br />data&nbsp;bus&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;set&nbsp;of&nbsp;electrical&nbsp;lines&nbsp;connected&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor&nbsp;and&nbsp;all&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;peripher&nbsp;<br />als&nbsp;with&nbsp;<br />which&nbsp;it&nbsp;communicates.&nbsp;When&nbsp;the&nbsp;processor&nbsp;wants&nbsp;to&nbsp;read&nbsp;(write)&nbsp;the&nbsp;contents&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;of&nbsp;<br />a&nbsp;memory&nbsp;location&nbsp;or&nbsp;register&nbsp;within&nbsp;a&nbsp;particular&nbsp;peripheral,&nbsp;it&nbsp;sets&nbsp;the&nbsp;ad&nbsp;<br />dress&nbsp;<br />bus&nbsp;pins&nbsp;appropriately&nbsp;and&nbsp;receives&nbsp;(transmits)&nbsp;the&nbsp;contents&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;data&nbsp;bus&nbsp;<br />.&nbsp;<br />deadline&nbsp;<br />The&nbsp;time&nbsp;at&nbsp;which&nbsp;a&nbsp;particular&nbsp;set&nbsp;of&nbsp;computations&nbsp;must&nbsp;be&nbsp;completed.&nbsp;See&nbsp;al&nbsp;<br />so&nbsp;<br />real-time&nbsp;system.&nbsp;<br />deadlock&nbsp;<br />An&nbsp;unwanted&nbsp;software&nbsp;situation&nbsp;in&nbsp;which&nbsp;an&nbsp;entire&nbsp;set&nbsp;of&nbsp;tasks&nbsp;is&nbsp;blocked,&nbsp;w&nbsp;<br />aiting&nbsp;<br />for&nbsp;an&nbsp;event&nbsp;that&nbsp;only&nbsp;a&nbsp;task&nbsp;within&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;set&nbsp;can&nbsp;cause.&nbsp;If&nbsp;a&nbsp;deadlock&nbsp;o&nbsp;<br />ccurs,&nbsp;<br />the&nbsp;only&nbsp;solution&nbsp;is&nbsp;to&nbsp;reset&nbsp;the&nbsp;hardware.&nbsp;However,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;usually&nbsp;possible&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />to&nbsp;<br />prevent&nbsp;deadlocks&nbsp;altogether&nbsp;by&nbsp;following&nbsp;certain&nbsp;software&nbsp;design&nbsp;practices.&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br />debug&nbsp;monitor&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;piece&nbsp;of&nbsp;embedded&nbsp;software&nbsp;that&nbsp;has&nbsp;been&nbsp;designed&nbsp;specifically&nbsp;for&nbsp;use&nbsp;as&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />a&nbsp;<br />debugging&nbsp;tool.&nbsp;It&nbsp;usually&nbsp;resides&nbsp;in&nbsp;ROM&nbsp;and&nbsp;communicates&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;debugger&nbsp;v&nbsp;<br />ia&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br />serial&nbsp;port&nbsp;or&nbsp;network&nbsp;connection.&nbsp;The&nbsp;debug&nbsp;monitor&nbsp;provides&nbsp;a&nbsp;set&nbsp;of&nbsp;primi&nbsp;<br />tive&nbsp;<br />commands&nbsp;to&nbsp;view&nbsp;and&nbsp;modify&nbsp;memory&nbsp;locations&nbsp;and&nbsp;registers,&nbsp;create&nbsp;and&nbsp;remov&nbsp;<br />e&nbsp;<br />breakpoints,&nbsp;and&nbsp;execute&nbsp;your&nbsp;program.&nbsp;The&nbsp;debugger&nbsp;combines&nbsp;these&nbsp;primitive&nbsp;<br />s&nbsp;<br />to&nbsp;fulfill&nbsp;higher-level&nbsp;requests&nbsp;like&nbsp;program&nbsp;download&nbsp;and&nbsp;single-step.&nbsp;<br />debugger&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;software&nbsp;development&nbsp;tool&nbsp;used&nbsp;to&nbsp;test&nbsp;and&nbsp;debug&nbsp;embedded&nbsp;software.&nbsp;The&nbsp;<br />debugger&nbsp;runs&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;host&nbsp;computer&nbsp;and&nbsp;connects&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;target&nbsp;through&nbsp;a&nbsp;serial&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;port&nbsp;<br />or&nbsp;network&nbsp;connection.&nbsp;Using&nbsp;a&nbsp;debugger&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;download&nbsp;software&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;tar&nbsp;<br />get&nbsp;<br />for&nbsp;immediate&nbsp;execution.&nbsp;You&nbsp;can&nbsp;also&nbsp;set&nbsp;breakpoints&nbsp;and&nbsp;examine&nbsp;the&nbsp;conten&nbsp;<br />ts&nbsp;<br />of&nbsp;specific&nbsp;memory&nbsp;locations&nbsp;and&nbsp;registers.&nbsp;<br />device&nbsp;driver&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;software&nbsp;module&nbsp;that&nbsp;hides&nbsp;the&nbsp;details&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;particular&nbsp;peripheral&nbsp;and&nbsp;prov&nbsp;<br />ides&nbsp;a&nbsp;<br />high-level&nbsp;programming&nbsp;interface&nbsp;to&nbsp;it.&nbsp;<br />device&nbsp;programmer&nbsp;<br />A&nbsp;tool&nbsp;for&nbsp;programming&nbsp;non-volatile&nbsp;memories&nbsp;and&nbsp;other&nbsp;<br />electrically-programmable&nbsp;devices.&nbsp;Typically,&nbsp;the&nbsp;programmable&nbsp;device&nbsp;is&nbsp;ins&nbsp;<br />erted&nbsp;<br />
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