material.c

OpenGL学习资料

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1993-1999, Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 * ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for 
 * any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice
 * and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that 
 * the name of Silicon Graphics, Inc. not be used in advertising
 * or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,
 * written prior permission. 
 *
 * THE MATERIAL EMBODIED ON THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS"
 * AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  IN NO EVENT SHALL SILICON
 * GRAPHICS, INC.  BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANYONE ELSE FOR ANY DIRECT,
 * SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY
 * KIND, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION,
 * LOSS OF PROFIT, LOSS OF USE, SAVINGS OR REVENUE, OR THE CLAIMS OF
 * THIRD PARTIES, WHETHER OR NOT SILICON GRAPHICS, INC.  HAS BEEN
 * ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSS, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
 * ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
 * POSSESSION, USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 * 
 * US Government Users Restricted Rights 
 * Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to
 * restrictions set forth in FAR 52.227.19(c)(2) or subparagraph
 * (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software
 * clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and/or in similar or successor
 * clauses in the FAR or the DOD or NASA FAR Supplement.
 * Unpublished-- rights reserved under the copyright laws of the
 * United States.  Contractor/manufacturer is Silicon Graphics,
 * Inc., 2011 N.  Shoreline Blvd., Mountain View, CA 94039-7311.
 *
 * OpenGL(R) is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 */

/*
 * material.c
 * This program demonstrates the use of the GL lighting model.
 * Several objects are drawn using different material characteristics.
 * A single light source illuminates the objects.
 */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>

/*  Initialize z-buffer, projection matrix, light source, 
 *  and lighting model.  Do not specify a material property here.
 */
void init(void)
{
   GLfloat ambient[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 };
   GLfloat diffuse[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
   GLfloat specular[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
   GLfloat position[] = { 0.0, 3.0, 2.0, 0.0 };
   GLfloat lmodel_ambient[] = { 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 1.0 };
   GLfloat local_view[] = { 0.0 };

   glClearColor(0.0, 0.1, 0.1, 0.0);
   glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
   glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);

   glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, ambient);
   glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, diffuse);
   glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, position);
   glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, lmodel_ambient);
   glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_LOCAL_VIEWER, local_view);

   glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
   glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
}

/*  Draw twelve spheres in 3 rows with 4 columns.  
 *  The spheres in the first row have materials with no ambient reflection.
 *  The second row has materials with significant ambient reflection.
 *  The third row has materials with colored ambient reflection.
 *
 *  The first column has materials with blue, diffuse reflection only.
 *  The second column has blue diffuse reflection, as well as specular
 *  reflection with a low shininess exponent.
 *  The third column has blue diffuse reflection, as well as specular
 *  reflection with a high shininess exponent (a more concentrated highlight).
 *  The fourth column has materials which also include an emissive component.
 *
 *  glTranslatef() is used to move spheres to their appropriate locations.
 */

void display(void)
{
   GLfloat no_mat[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 };
   GLfloat mat_ambient[] = { 0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 1.0 };
   GLfloat mat_ambient_color[] = { 0.8, 0.8, 0.2, 1.0 };
   GLfloat mat_diffuse[] = { 0.1, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0 };
   GLfloat mat_specular[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
   GLfloat no_shininess[] = { 0.0 };
   GLfloat low_shininess[] = { 5.0 };
   GLfloat high_shininess[] = { 100.0 };
   GLfloat mat_emission[] = {0.3, 0.2, 0.2, 0.0};

   glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

/*  draw sphere in first row, first column
 *  diffuse reflection only; no ambient or specular  
 */
   glPushMatrix();
   glTranslatef (-3.75, 3.0, 0.0);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, no_mat);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
   glutSolidSphere(1.0, 16, 16);
   glPopMatrix();

/*  draw sphere in first row, second column
 *  diffuse and specular reflection; low shininess; no ambient
 */
   glPushMatrix();
   glTranslatef (-1.25, 3.0, 0.0);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, no_mat);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, low_shininess);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
   glutSolidSphere(1.0, 16, 16);
   glPopMatrix();

/*  draw sphere in first row, third column
 *  diffuse and specular reflection; high shininess; no ambient
 */
   glPushMatrix();
   glTranslatef (1.25, 3.0, 0.0);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, no_mat);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, high_shininess);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
   glutSolidSphere(1.0, 16, 16);
   glPopMatrix();

/*  draw sphere in first row, fourth column
 *  diffuse reflection; emission; no ambient or specular reflection
 */
   glPushMatrix();
   glTranslatef (3.75, 3.0, 0.0);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, no_mat);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, mat_emission);
   glutSolidSphere(1.0, 16, 16);
   glPopMatrix();

/*  draw sphere in second row, first column
 *  ambient and diffuse reflection; no specular  
 */
   glPushMatrix();
   glTranslatef (-3.75, 0.0, 0.0);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
   glutSolidSphere(1.0, 16, 16);
   glPopMatrix();

/*  draw sphere in second row, second column
 *  ambient, diffuse and specular reflection; low shininess
 */
   glPushMatrix();
   glTranslatef (-1.25, 0.0, 0.0);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, low_shininess);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
   glutSolidSphere(1.0, 16, 16);
   glPopMatrix();

/*  draw sphere in second row, third column
 *  ambient, diffuse and specular reflection; high shininess
 */
   glPushMatrix();
   glTranslatef (1.25, 0.0, 0.0);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, high_shininess);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
   glutSolidSphere(1.0, 16, 16);
   glPopMatrix();

/*  draw sphere in second row, fourth column
 *  ambient and diffuse reflection; emission; no specular
 */
   glPushMatrix();
   glTranslatef (3.75, 0.0, 0.0);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, mat_emission);
   glutSolidSphere(1.0, 16, 16);
   glPopMatrix();

/*  draw sphere in third row, first column
 *  colored ambient and diffuse reflection; no specular  
 */
   glPushMatrix();
   glTranslatef (-3.75, -3.0, 0.0);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient_color);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
   glutSolidSphere(1.0, 16, 16);
   glPopMatrix();

/*  draw sphere in third row, second column
 *  colored ambient, diffuse and specular reflection; low shininess
 */
   glPushMatrix();
   glTranslatef (-1.25, -3.0, 0.0);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient_color);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, low_shininess);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
   glutSolidSphere(1.0, 16, 16);
   glPopMatrix();

/*  draw sphere in third row, third column
 *  colored ambient, diffuse and specular reflection; high shininess
 */
   glPushMatrix();
   glTranslatef (1.25, -3.0, 0.0);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient_color);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, high_shininess);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
   glutSolidSphere(1.0, 16, 16);
   glPopMatrix();

/*  draw sphere in third row, fourth column
 *  colored ambient and diffuse reflection; emission; no specular
 */
   glPushMatrix();
   glTranslatef (3.75, -3.0, 0.0);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient_color);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess);
   glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, mat_emission);
   glutSolidSphere(1.0, 16, 16);
   glPopMatrix();

   glFlush();
}

void reshape(int w, int h)
{
   glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
   glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
   glLoadIdentity();
   if (w <= (h * 2))
      glOrtho (-6.0, 6.0, -3.0*((GLfloat)h*2)/(GLfloat)w, 
         3.0*((GLfloat)h*2)/(GLfloat)w, -10.0, 10.0);
   else
      glOrtho (-6.0*(GLfloat)w/((GLfloat)h*2), 
         6.0*(GLfloat)w/((GLfloat)h*2), -3.0, 3.0, -10.0, 10.0);
   glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
   glLoadIdentity();
}

void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
   switch (key) {
      case 27:
         exit(0);
         break;
   }
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
   glutInit(&argc, argv);
   glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
   glutInitWindowSize (600, 450);
   glutCreateWindow(argv[0]);
   init();
   glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
   glutDisplayFunc(display);
   glutKeyboardFunc (keyboard);
   glutMainLoop();
   return 0; 
}