basic.texi

大名鼎鼎的路由器源码。程序分ZEBRA、OSPFRIP等3个包。程序框架采用一个路由协议一个进程的方式

@node Basic commands
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@chapter Basic commands

There are five routing daemons in use, and there is one manager daemon.
These daemons may be located on separate machines from the manager
daemon.  Each of these daemons will listen on a particular port for
incoming VTY connections.  The routing daemons are:

@itemize @bullet
@item @command{ripd}, @command{ripngd}, @command{ospfd}, @command{ospf6d}, @command{bgpd}
@item @command{zebra}
@end itemize

The following sections discuss commands common to all the routing
daemons.

@menu
* Config Commands::             Commands used in config files
* Common Invocation Options::   Starting the daemons
* Virtual Terminal Interfaces::  Interacting with the daemons
@end menu



@node Config Commands, Common Invocation Options, Basic commands, Basic commands
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Config Commands

@cindex Configuration files for running the software
@c A -not configuration files for installing the software
@cindex Files for running configurations
@cindex Modifying the herd's behavior
@cindex Getting the herd running


@menu
* Basic Config Commands::       Some of the generic config commands
* Sample Config File::          An example config file
@end menu


In a config file, you can write the debugging options, a vty's password,
routing daemon configurations, a log file name, and so forth. This
information forms the initial command set for a routing beast as it is
starting.

Config files are generally found in:

@itemize @asis
@item @file{@value{INSTALL_PREFIX_ETC}/*.conf}
@end itemize

Each of the daemons has its own
config file.  For example, zebra's default config file name is:

@itemize @asis
@item @file{@value{INSTALL_PREFIX_ETC}/zebra.conf}
@end itemize

The daemon name plus @file{.conf} is the default config file name. You
can specify a config file using the @kbd{-f} or @kbd{--config-file}
options when starting the daemon.



@node Basic Config Commands, Sample Config File, Config Commands, Config Commands
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection Basic Config Commands

@deffn Command {hostname @var{hostname}} {}
Set hostname of the router.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {password @var{password}} {}
Set password for vty interface.  If there is no password, a vty won't
accept connections.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {enable password @var{password}} {}
Set enable password.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {log stdout} {}
@deffnx Command {no log stdout} {}
Set logging output to stdout.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {log file @var{filename}} {}
If you want to log into a file please specify @code{filename} as
follows.
@example
log file /usr/local/etc/bgpd.log
@end example
@end deffn

@deffn Command {log syslog} {}
@deffnx Command {no log syslog} {}
Set logging output to syslog.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {write terminal} {}
Displays the current configuration to the vty interface.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {write file} {}
Write current configuration to configuration file.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {configure terminal} {}
Change to configuration mode.  This command is the first step to
configuration.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {terminal length @var{<0-512>}} {}
Set terminal display length to @var{<0-512>}.  If length is 0, no
display control is performed.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {who} {}
@end deffn

@deffn Command {list} {}
List commands.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {service password-encryption} {}
Encrypt password.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {service advanced-vty} {}
Enable advanced mode VTY.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {service terminal-length @var{<0-512>}} {}
Set system wide line configuration.  This configuration command applies
to all VTY interfaces.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {show version} {}
Show the current version of the Zebra and its build host information.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {line vty} {}
Enter vty configuration mode.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {banner motd default} {}
Set default motd string.
@end deffn

@deffn Command {no banner motd} {}
No motd banner string will be printed.
@end deffn

@deffn {Line Command} {exec-timeout @var{minute}} {}
@deffnx {Line Command} {exec-timeout @var{minute} @var{second}} {}
Set VTY connection timeout value.  When only one argument is specified
it is used for timeout value in minutes.  Optional second argument is
used for timeout value in seconds. Default timeout value is 10 minutes.
When timeout value is zero, it means no timeout.
@end deffn

@deffn {Line Command} {no exec-timeout} {}
Do not perform timeout at all.  This command is as same as
@command{exec-timeout 0 0}.
@end deffn

@deffn {Line Command} {access-class @var{access-list}} {}
Restrict vty connections with an access list.
@end deffn



@node   Sample Config File,  , Basic Config Commands, Config Commands
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection Sample Config File


Below is a sample configuration file for the zebra daemon.

@example
@group
!
! Zebra configuration file
!
hostname Router
password zebra
enable password zebra
!
log stdout
!
!
@end group
@end example

'!' and '#' are comment characters.  If the first character of the word
is one of the comment characters then from the rest of the line forward
will be ignored as a comment.

@example
password zebra!password
@end example

If a comment character is not the first character of the word, it's a
normal character. So in the above example '!' will not be regarded as a
comment and the password is set to 'zebra!password'.



@node Common Invocation Options, Virtual Terminal Interfaces, Config Commands, Basic commands
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Common Invocation Options
@c COMMON_OPTIONS
@c OPTIONS section of the man page

These options apply to all Zebra daemons.

@table @samp

@item -d
@itemx --daemon
Runs in daemon mode.

@item -f @var{file}
@itemx --config_file=@var{file}
Set configuration file name.

@item -h
@itemx --help
Display this help and exit.

@item -i @var{file}
@itemx --pid_file=@var{file}

Upon startup the process identifier of the daemon is written to a file,
typically in @file{/var/run}.  This file can be used by the init system
to implement commands such as @command{@dots{}/init.d/zebra status},
@command{@dots{}/init.d/zebra restart} or @command{@dots{}/init.d/zebra
stop}.

The file name is an run-time option rather than a configure-time option
so that multiple routing daemons can be run simultaneously.  This is
useful when using Zebra to implement a routing looking glass.  One
machine can be used to collect differing routing views from differing
points in the network.

@item -P @var{port}
@itemx --vty_port=@var{port}
Set the VTY port number.

@item -v
@itemx --version
Print program version.

@end table



@node  Virtual Terminal Interfaces,  , Common Invocation Options, Basic commands
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@section Virtual Terminal Interfaces

VTY -- Virtual Terminal [aka TeletYpe] Interface is a command line
interface (CLI) for user interaction with the routing daemon.

@menu
* VTY Overview::                Basics about VTYs                
* VTY Modes::                   View, Enable, and Other VTY modes
* VTY CLI Commands::            Commands for movement, edition, and management
@end menu



@node  VTY Overview, VTY Modes, Virtual Terminal Interfaces, Virtual Terminal Interfaces
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection VTY Overview


VTY stands for Virtual TeletYpe interface.  It means you can connect to
the daemon via the telnet protocol.

To enable a VTY interface, you have to setup a VTY password.  If there
is no VTY password, one cannot connect to the VTY interface at all.

@example
@group
% telnet localhost 2601
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.

Hello, this is zebra (version @value{VERSION})
Copyright 1997-2000 Kunihiro Ishiguro


User Access Verification

Password: XXXXX
Router> ?
  enable            Turn on privileged commands
  exit              Exit current mode and down to previous mode
  help              Description of the interactive help system
  list              Print command list
  show              Show running system information
  who               Display who is on a vty
Router> enable
Password: XXXXX
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# interface eth0
Router(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1/8
Router(config-if)# ^Z
Router#
@end group
@end example

'?' is very useful for looking up commands.



@node  VTY Modes, VTY CLI Commands, VTY Overview, Virtual Terminal Interfaces
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection VTY Modes


There are three basic VTY modes:

@menu
* VTY View Mode::               Mode for read-only interaction               
* VTY Enable Mode::             Mode for read-write interaction
* VTY Other Modes::             Special modes (tftp, etc)
@end menu

There are commands that may be restricted to specific VTY modes. 



@node VTY View Mode, VTY Enable Mode, VTY Modes, VTY Modes
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsubsection VTY View Mode
@c to be written (gpoul)


This mode is for read-only access to the CLI. One may exit the mode by
leaving the system, or by entering @code{enable} mode.



@node VTY Enable Mode, VTY Other Modes, VTY View Mode, VTY Modes
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsubsection VTY Enable Mode


@c to be written (gpoul)
This mode is for read-write access to the CLI. One may exit the mode by
leaving the system, or by escaping to view mode.



@node VTY Other Modes,  , VTY Enable Mode, VTY Modes
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsubsection VTY Other Modes


@c to be written (gpoul)
This page is for describing other modes.

@node VTY CLI Commands,  , VTY Modes, Virtual Terminal Interfaces
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsection VTY CLI Commands


Commands that you may use at the command-line are described in the following three subsubsections.

@menu
* CLI Movement Commands::       Commands for moving the cursor about
* CLI Editing Commands::        Commands for changing text
* CLI Advanced Commands::       Other commands, session management and so on
@end menu



@node CLI Movement Commands, CLI Editing Commands, VTY CLI Commands, VTY CLI Commands
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsubsection CLI Movement Commands


These commands are used for moving the CLI cursor. The @key{C} character
means press the Control Key.

@table @kbd

@item C-f
@itemx @key{RIGHT}
@kindex C-f
@kindex @key{RIGHT}
Move forward one character.

@item C-b
@itemx @key{LEFT}
@kindex C-b
@kindex @key{LEFT}
Move backward one character.

@item M-f
@kindex M-f
Move forward one word.

@item M-b
@kindex M-b
Move backward one word.

@item C-a
@kindex C-a
Move to the beginning of the line.

@item C-e
@kindex C-e
Move to the end of the line.

@end table



@node CLI Editing Commands, CLI Advanced Commands, CLI Movement Commands, VTY CLI Commands
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsubsection CLI Editing Commands


These commands are used for editing text on a line. The @key{C}
character means press the Control Key.

@table @kbd

@item C-h
@itemx @key{DEL}
@kindex C-h
@kindex @key{DEL}
Delete the character before point.

@item C-d
@kindex C-d
Delete the character after point.

@item M-d
@kindex M-d
Forward kill word.

@item C-w
@kindex C-w
Backward kill word.

@item C-k
@kindex C-k
Kill to the end of the line.

@item C-u
@kindex C-u
Kill line from the beginning, erasing input.

@item C-t
@kindex C-t
Transpose character.

@end table



@node CLI Advanced Commands,  , CLI Editing Commands, VTY CLI Commands
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@subsubsection CLI Advanced Commands


There are several additional CLI commands for command line completions,
insta-help, and VTY session management.

@table @kbd

@item C-c
@kindex C-c
Interrupt current input and moves to the next line.

@item C-z
@kindex C-z
End current configuration session and move to top node.


@item C-n
@itemx @key{DOWN}
@kindex C-n
@kindex @key{DOWN}
Move down to next line in the history buffer.

@item C-p
@itemx @key{UP}
@kindex C-p
@kindex @key{UP}
Move up to previous line in the history buffer.

@item TAB
@kindex @key{TAB}
Use command line completion by typing @key{TAB}.

@item
@kindex ?
You can use command line help by typing @code{help} at the beginning of
the line.  Typing @kbd{?} at any point in the line will show possible
completions.

@end table