xtjd10.htm

严蔚民版的数据结构的完整课件

style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>以后的元素全部为蓝色</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>.</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>这样</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>就可以根据</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>j</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的颜色</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>把其交换到序列的前部或者后部</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>10.33
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>void
LinkedList_Select_Sort(LinkedList &amp;L)//</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>单链表上的简单选择排序算法</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
{<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;for(p=L;p-&gt;next-&gt;next;p=p-&gt;next)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;q=p-&gt;next;x=q-&gt;data;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for(r=q,s=q;r-&gt;next;r=r-&gt;next) //</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>q</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>后面寻找元素值最小的结点</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if(r-&gt;next-&gt;data&lt;x)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;x=r-&gt;next-&gt;data;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s=r;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if(s!=q) //</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>找到了值比</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>q-&gt;data</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>更小的最小结点</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>s-&gt;next<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;p-&gt;next=s-&gt;next;s-&gt;next=q;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;t=q-&gt;next;q-&gt;next=p-&gt;next-&gt;next;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;p-&gt;next-&gt;next=t;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;} //</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>交换</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>q</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>和</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>s-&gt;next</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>两个结点</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;}//for<br>
}//LinkedList_Select_Sort <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>10.34
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>void
Build_Heap(Heap &amp;H,int n)//</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>从低下标到高下标逐个插入建堆的算法</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
{<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;for(i=2;i&lt;n;i++)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;{ //</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>此时从</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>H.r[1]</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>到</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>H.r[i-1]</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>已经是大顶堆</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;j=i;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;while(j!=1) //</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>把</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>H.r[i]</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>插入</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;k=j/2;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if(H.r[j].key&gt;H.r[k].key)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;H.r[j]&lt;-&gt;H.r[k];<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;j=k;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;}//for<br>
}//Build_Heap <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>10.35
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>void
TriHeap_Sort(Heap &amp;H)//</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>利用三叉树形式的堆进行排序的算法</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
{<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;for(i=H.length/3;i&gt;0;i--)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Heap_Adjust(H,i,H.length);<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;for(i=H.length;i&gt;1;i--)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;H.r[1]&lt;-&gt;H.r[i];<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Heap_Adjust(H,1,i-1);<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br>
}//TriHeap_Sort <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>void
Heap_Adjust(Heap &amp;H,int s,int m)//</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>顺序表</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>H</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>中</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,H.r[s+1]</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>到</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>H.r[m]</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>已经是堆</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>把</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>H.r[s]</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>插入并调整成堆</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
{<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;rc=H.r[s];<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;for(j=3*s-1;j&lt;=m;j=3*j-1)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if(j&lt;m&amp;&amp;H.r[j].key&lt;H.r[j+1].key) j++;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if(j&lt;m&amp;&amp;H.r[j].key&lt;H.r[j+1].key) j++;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;H.r[s]=H.r[j];<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s=j;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;H.r[s]=rc;<br>
}//Heap_Adjust<br>
</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>分析</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>本算法与课本上的堆排序算法相比</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>只有两处改动</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>:1.</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>建初始堆时</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,i</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>的上限从</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>H.length/3</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>开始</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>(</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>为什么</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>?) 2.</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>调整堆的时候</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>要从结点的三个孩子结点中选择最大的那一个</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>,</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>最左边的孩子的序号的计算公式为</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>j=3*s-1(</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>为什么</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>?) <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>10.36
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>void
Merge_Sort(int a[ ],int n)//</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>归并排序的非递归算法</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
{<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;for(l=1;l&lt;n;l*=2) //l</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>为一趟归并段的段长</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for(i=0;(2*i-1)*l&lt;n;i++) //i</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>为本趟的归并段序号</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;start1=2*l*i; //</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>求出待归并的两段的上下界</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;end1=start1+l-1;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;start2=end1+1;<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;end2=(start2+l-1)&gt;(n-1)?(n-1):(start2+l-1);//</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>注意</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>end2</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>可能超出边界</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Merge(a,start1,end1,start2,end2); //</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>归并</span><span lang=EN-US
style='mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>