names.txt

UNIX下perl实现代码

	* lower-mid front rounded vowel
	* non-IPA alternate for the preferred 0153
029B	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH HOOK
	* voiced uvular implosive
029C	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL H
	* voiceless epiglottal fricative
029D	LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CROSSED-TAIL
	* voiced palatal fricative
029E	LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K
	* proposed for velar click
@+		* withdrawn by IPA in 1970
029F	LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L
	* velar lateral approximant
02A0	LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH HOOK
	* voiceless uvular implosive
02A1	LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE
	* voiced epiglottal stop
02A2	LATIN LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE
	* voiced epiglottal fricative
02A3	LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH
	* voiced dental affricate
02A4	LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH
	* voiced postalveolar affricate
02A5	LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL
	* voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
02A6	LATIN SMALL LETTER TS DIGRAPH
	* voiceless dental affricate
02A7	LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH
	* voiceless postalveolar affricate
02A8	LATIN SMALL LETTER TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL
	* voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
@		IPA characters for disordered speech
02A9	LATIN SMALL LETTER FENG DIGRAPH
	* velopharyngeal fricative
02AA	LATIN SMALL LETTER LS DIGRAPH
	* lateral alveolar fricative (lisp)
02AB	LATIN SMALL LETTER LZ DIGRAPH
	* voiced lateral alveolar fricative
02AC	LATIN LETTER BILABIAL PERCUSSIVE
	* audible lip smack
02AD	LATIN LETTER BIDENTAL PERCUSSIVE
	* audible teeth gnashing
@@	02B0	Spacing Modifier Letters	02FF
@		Phonetic modifiers derived from Latin letters
02B0	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H
	* aspiration
	# <super> 0068
02B1	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H WITH HOOK
	* breathy voiced, murmured
	x (latin small letter h with hook - 0266)
	x (combining diaeresis below - 0324)
	# <super> 0266
02B2	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J
	* palatalization
	x (combining palatalized hook below - 0321)
	# <super> 006A
02B3	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R
	# <super> 0072
02B4	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R
	x (latin small letter turned r - 0279)
	# <super> 0279
02B5	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH HOOK
	x (latin small letter turned r with hook - 027B)
	# <super> 027B
02B6	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R
	* preceding four used for r-coloring or r-offglides
	x (latin letter small capital inverted r - 0281)
	# <super> 0281
02B7	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W
	* labialization
	x (combining inverted double arch below - 032B)
	# <super> 0077
02B8	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Y
	* palatalization
	* common Americanist substitution for 02B2
	# <super> 0079
@		Miscellaneous phonetic modifiers
02B9	MODIFIER LETTER PRIME
	* primary stress, emphasis
	* transliteration of mjagkij znak (Cyrillic soft sign: palatalization)
	x (apostrophe - 0027)
	x (acute accent - 00B4)
	x (modifier letter acute accent - 02CA)
	x (combining acute accent - 0301)
	x (greek numeral sign - 0374)
	x (prime - 2032)
02BA	MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME
	* exaggerated stress, contrastive stress
	* transliteration of tverdyj znak (Cyrillic hard sign: no palatalization)
	x (quotation mark - 0022)
	x (combining double acute accent - 030B)
	x (double prime - 2033)
02BB	MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA
	* typographical alternate for 02BD or 02BF
	x (combining turned comma above - 0312)
	x (left single quotation mark - 2018)
02BC	MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE
	= apostrophe
	* glottal stop, glottalization, ejective
	* spacing clone of Greek smooth breathing mark
	* many languages use this as a letter of their alphabets
	x (apostrophe - 0027)
	x (combining comma above - 0313)
	x (combining comma above right - 0315)
	x (armenian apostrophe - 055A)
	x (right single quotation mark - 2019)
02BD	MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED COMMA
	* weak aspiration
	* spacing clone of Greek rough breathing mark
	x (combining reversed comma above - 0314)
	x (armenian modifier letter left half ring - 0559)
	x (single high-reversed-9 quotation mark - 201B)
02BE	MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING
	* transliteration of Arabic hamza (glottal stop)
	x (armenian apostrophe - 055A)
	x (arabic letter hamza - 0621)
02BF	MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING
	* transliteration of Arabic ain (voiced pharyngeal fricative)
	x (armenian modifier letter left half ring - 0559)
	x (arabic letter ain - 0639)
02C0	MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP
	* ejective or glottalized
	* typographical alternate for 02BC or 02BE
	x (latin letter glottal stop - 0294)
	x (combining hook above - 0309)
02C1	MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP
	* typographical alternate for 02BF
	x (latin letter pharyngeal voiced fricative - 0295)
02C2	MODIFIER LETTER LEFT ARROWHEAD
	* fronted articulation
02C3	MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT ARROWHEAD
	* backed articulation
02C4	MODIFIER LETTER UP ARROWHEAD
	* raised articulation
	x (circumflex accent - 005E)
	x (up arrowhead - 2303)
02C5	MODIFIER LETTER DOWN ARROWHEAD
	* lowered articulation
02C6	MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
	* rising-falling tone, falling tone, secondary stress, etc.
	x (circumflex accent - 005E)
	x (combining circumflex accent - 0302)
02C7	CARON (Mandarin Chinese third tone)
	= hacek
	* falling-rising tone
	* Mandarin Chinese third tone
	x (combining caron - 030C)
02C8	MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE
	* primary stress, downstep
	* precedes letter or syllable modified
	x (apostrophe - 0027)
	x (combining vertical line above - 030D)
02C9	MODIFIER LETTER MACRON (Mandarin Chinese first tone)
	* high level tone
	* precedes or follows letter or syllable modified
	* Mandarin Chinese first tone
	x (macron - 00AF)
	x (combining macron - 0304)
02CA	MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT (Mandarin Chinese second tone)
	* high-rising tone (IPA), high tone, primary stress
	* Mandarin Chinese second tone
	x (acute accent - 00B4)
	x (modifier letter prime - 02B9)
	x (combining acute accent - 0301)
	x (greek numeral sign - 0374)
	x (armenian emphasis mark - 055B)
02CB	MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT (Mandarin Chinese fourth tone)
	* high-falling tone (IPA), low tone, secondary or tertiary stress
	* Mandarin Chinese fourth tone
	x (grave accent - 0060)
	x (combining grave accent - 0300)
	x (armenian comma - 055D)
02CC	MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE
	* secondary stress
	* precedes letter or syllable modified
	x (combining vertical line below - 0329)
02CD	MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON
	* low level tone
	x (low line - 005F)
	x (combining macron below - 0331)
02CE	MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT
	* low-falling tone
02CF	MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT
	* low-rising tone
	x (greek lower numeral sign - 0375)
02D0	MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON
	* length mark
	x (colon - 003A)
02D1	MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON
	* half-length mark
	x (middle dot - 00B7)
02D2	MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED RIGHT HALF RING
	* more rounded articulation
02D3	MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED LEFT HALF RING
	* less rounded articulation
02D4	MODIFIER LETTER UP TACK
	* vowel raising or closing
	x (combining up tack below - 031D)
	x (combining dot below - 0323)
02D5	MODIFIER LETTER DOWN TACK
	* vowel lowering or opening
	x (combining left half ring below - 031C)
	x (combining down tack below - 031E)
02D6	MODIFIER LETTER PLUS SIGN
	* advanced or fronted articulation
	x (combining plus sign below - 031F)
02D7	MODIFIER LETTER MINUS SIGN
	* retracted or backed articulation
	* glyph may have small end-serifs
	x (combining minus sign below - 0320)
@		Spacing clones of diacritics
02D8	BREVE
	x (combining breve - 0306)
	# 0020 0306
02D9	DOT ABOVE (Mandarin Chinese light tone)
	* Mandarin Chinese fifth tone (light or neutral)
	x (combining dot above - 0307)
	# 0020 0307
02DA	RING ABOVE
	x (degree sign - 00B0)
	x (combining ring above - 030A)
	# 0020 030A
02DB	OGONEK
	x (combining ogonek - 0328)
	# 0020 0328
02DC	SMALL TILDE
	x (tilde - 007E)
	x (combining tilde - 0303)
	x (tilde operator - 223C)
	# 0020 0303
02DD	DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT
	x (combining double acute accent - 030B)
	# 0020 030B
@		Additions based on 1989 IPA
02DE	MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK
	* rhotacization in vowel
	* often ligated: 025A = 0259 + 02DE; 025D = 025C + 02DE
02DF	MODIFIER LETTER CROSS ACCENT
	* Swedish grave accent
02E0	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA
	* these modifier letters are occasionally used in transcription of affricates
	# <super> 0263
02E1	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L
	# <super> 006C
02E2	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S
	# <super> 0073
02E3	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL X
	# <super> 0078
02E4	MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP
	# <super> 0295
@		Tone letters
02E5	MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR
02E6	MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR
02E7	MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR
02E8	MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR
02E9	MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR
02EA	MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK
02EB	MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE MARK
@		IPA modifiers
02EC	MODIFIER LETTER VOICING
02ED	MODIFIER LETTER UNASPIRATED
@		Other modifier letters
02EE	MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE
	* Nenets
@@	0300	Combining Diacritical Marks	036F
@		Ordinary diacritics
0300	COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT (Varia)
	= Greek varia
	x (grave accent - 0060)
	x (modifier letter grave accent - 02CB)
0301	COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT (Oxia)
	= stress mark
	= Greek oxia, tonos
	x (apostrophe - 0027)
	x (acute accent - 00B4)
	x (modifier letter prime - 02B9)
	x (modifier letter acute accent - 02CA)
	x (greek tonos - 0384)
0302	COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
	= hat
	x (circumflex accent - 005E)
	x (modifier letter circumflex accent - 02C6)
0303	COMBINING TILDE
	* IPA: nasalization
	* Vietnamese tone mark
	x (tilde - 007E)
	x (small tilde - 02DC)
0304	COMBINING MACRON
	= long
	* distinguish from the following
	x (macron - 00AF)
	x (modifier letter macron - 02C9)
0305	COMBINING OVERLINE
	= overscore, vinculum
	* connects on left and right
	x (macron - 00AF)
0306	COMBINING BREVE (Vrachy)
	= short
	= Greek vrachy
	x (breve - 02D8)
0307	COMBINING DOT ABOVE
	= derivative (Newtonian notation)
@+		* IPA (withdrawn in 1976): palatalization
	x (dot above - 02D9)
0308	COMBINING DIAERESIS (Dialytika)
	= double dot above, umlaut
	= Greek dialytika
	= double derivative
	x (diaeresis - 00A8)
0309	COMBINING HOOK ABOVE
	= hoi
	* kerns left or right of circumflex over vowels
	* Vietnamese tone mark
	x (modifier letter glottal stop - 02C0)
030A	COMBINING RING ABOVE
	x (degree sign - 00B0)
	x (ring above - 02DA)
030B	COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT
	* Hungarian, Chuvash
	x (quotation mark - 0022)
	x (modifier letter double prime - 02BA)
	x (double acute accent - 02DD)
030C	COMBINING CARON
	= hacek, V above
	x (caron - 02C7)
030D	COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE (Tonos)
	* Marshallese
	x (modifier letter vertical line - 02C8)
030E	COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE ABOVE
	* Marshallese
	x (quotation mark - 0022)
030F	COMBINING DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT
	* Serbian and Croatian poetics
0310	COMBINING CANDRABINDU
	x (devanagari sign candrabindu - 0901)
0311	COMBINING INVERTED BREVE
0312	COMBINING TURNED COMMA ABOVE
	= cedilla above
	* Latvian (but not used in decomposition)
	x (modifier letter turned comma - 02BB)
0313	COMBINING COMMA ABOVE (Psili)
	= Greek psili, smooth breathing mark
	* Americanist: ejective or glottalization
	x (modifier letter apostrophe - 02BC)
	x (combining cyrillic psili pneumata - 0486)
	x (armenian apostrophe - 055A)
0314	COMBINING REVERSED COMMA ABOVE (Dasia)
	= Greek dasia, rough breathing mark
	x (modifier letter reversed comma - 02BD)
	x (combining cyrillic dasia pneumata - 0485)
	x (armenian modifier letter left half ring - 0559)
0315	COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT
	x (modifier letter apostrophe - 02BC)
0316	COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT BELOW
0317	COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT BELOW
0318	COMBINING LEFT TACK BELOW
0319	COMBINING RIGHT TACK BELOW
031A	COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE
	* IPA: unreleased stop
031B	COMBINING HORN
	* Vietnamese
031C	COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW
	* IPA: open variety of vowel
	x (modifier letter down tack - 02D5)
031D	COMBINING UP TACK BELOW
	* IPA: vowel raising or closing
	x (modifier letter up tack - 02D4)
031E	COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW
	* IPA: vowel lowering or opening
	x (modifier letter down tack - 02D5)
031F	COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW
	* IPA: advanced or fronted articulation
	x (modifier letter plus sign - 02D6)
0320	COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW
	* IPA: retracted or backed articulation
	* glyph may have small end-serifs
	x (modifier letter minus sign - 02D7)
0321	COMBINING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW
	* IPA: palatalization
	x (modifier letter small j - 02B2)
0322	COMBINING RETROFLEX HOOK BELOW
	* IPA: retroflexion
0323	COMBINING DOT BELOW
	= nang
	* IPA: closer variety of vowel
	* Americanist and Indo-Europeanist: retraction or retroflexion
	* Semiticist: velarization or pharyngealization
	* Vietnamese tone mark
	x (modifier letter up tack - 02D4)
0324	COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW
	* IPA: breathy-voice or murmur
	x (modifier letter small h with hook - 02B1)
0325	COMBINING RING BELOW
	* IPA: voiceless
	* Madurese
0326	COMBINING COMMA BELOW
	* Romanian, Latvian, Livonian
0327	COMBINING CEDILLA
	* French, Turkish, Azerbaijani
	x (cedilla - 00B8)
0328	COMBINING OGONEK
	= nasal hook
	* Americanist: nasalization
	* Polish, Lithuanian
	x (ogonek - 02DB)
0329	COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW
	* IPA: syllabic
	* Yoruba
	x (modifier letter low vertical line - 02CC)
032A	COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW
	* IPA: dental
032B	COMBINING INVERTED DOUBLE ARCH BELOW
	* IPA: labialization
	x (modifier letter small w - 02B7)
032C	COMBINING CARON BELOW
	* IPA: voiced
	* Hittite transcription
032D	COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT BELOW
	* Americanist: fronted articulation
032E	COMBINING BREVE BELOW
032F	COMBINING INVERTED BREVE BELOW
	* Americanist: fronted articulation (variant of 032D)
	* Indo-Europeanist: semivowel
0330	COMBINING TILDE BELOW
	* IPA: creaky voice
0331	COMBINING MACRON BELOW
	x (low line - 005F)
	x (modifier letter low macron - 02CD)
0332	COMBINING LOW LINE
	= underline, underscore
	* connects on left and right
	x (low line - 005F)
0333	COMBINING DOUBLE LOW LINE
	= double underline, double underscore
	* connects on left and right
	x (combining equals sign below - 0347)
	x (double low line - 2017)
@		Overstruck diacritics
0334	COMBIN