glossary.html

java基础学习

<dt><i>goto</i>
<dd>This is a reserved Java programming language keyword. However, it is not used by current versions of the Java programming language.</dd>
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<dt><i>group</i>
<dd>A collection of principals within a given security policy domain.
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<dt><i>GUI</i>
<dd>Graphical User Interface. Refers to the techniques involved in using graphics, along with a keyboard and a mouse, to provide an easy-to-use interface to some program.
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<dt><i>handle</i>
<dd>An object that identifies an enterprise bean. A client may serialize the handle, and then later deserialize it to obtain a reference to the enterprise bean.
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<dt><i><a name="hex">hexadecimal</a></i>
<dd>The numbering system that uses 16 as its base. The marks 0-9 and a-f (or equivalently A-F) represent the digits 0 through 15. In programs written in the Java programming language, hexadecimal numbers must be preceded with 0x. See also <i><a
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<dt><i><a name="hier">hierarchy</a></i>
<dd>A classification of relationships in which each item except the top one (known as the root) is a specialized form of the item above it. Each item can have one or more items below it in the hierarchy. In the Java class hierarchy, the root is the <code>Object</code> class.
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<dt><i>home handle</i>
<dd>An object that can be used to obtain a reference of the home interface. A home handle can be serialized and written to stable storage and deserialized to obtain the reference.
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<dt><i>home interface</i>
<dd>One of two interfaces for an enterprise bean. The home interface defines zero or more methods for creating and removing an enterprise bean. For session beans, the home interface defines create and remove methods, while for entity beans, the home interface defines create, finder, and remove methods.
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<dt><i>HotJava Browser</i>
<dd>An easily customizable web browser developed by Sun Microsystems, which is written in the Java programming language.
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<dt><i>HTML</i>
<dd>HyperText Markup Language. This is a file format, based on SGML, for hypertext documents on the Internet. It is very simple and allows for the embedding of images, sounds, video streams, form fields and simple text formatting. References to other objects are embedded using URLs.
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<dt><i>HTTP</i>
<dd>HyperText Transfer Protocol. The Internet protocol, based on TCP/IP, used to fetch hypertext objects from remote hosts.  See also <i><a href="#tcp">TCP/IP</a></i>.
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<dt><i>HTTPS</i>
<dd>HyperText Transfer Protocol layered over the SSL protocol.
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<dt><i>IDL</i>
<dd>Interface Definition Language. APIs written in the Java programming language that provide standards-based interoperability and connectivity with CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture).
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<dt><i>identifier</i>
<dd>The name of an item in a program written in the Java programming language.
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<dt><i>IIOP</i>
<dd>Internet Inter-ORB Protocol. A protocol used for communication between CORBA object request brokers.
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<dt><i>if</i></dt>
<dd>A Java programming language keyword used to conduct a conditional test and execute a block of statements if the test evaluates to true.</dd>
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<dt><i>impersonation</i>
<dd>An act whereby one entity assumes the identity and privileges of another entity without restrictions and without any indication visible to the recipients of the impersonator's calls that delegation has taken place. Impersonation is a case of simple delegation.
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<dt><i>implements</i>
<dd>A Java programming language keyword optionally included in the class declaration to specify any interfaces that are implemented by the current class.
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<dt><i>import</i>
<dd>A Java programming language keyword used at the beginning of a source file that can specify classes or entire packages to be referred to later without including their package names in the reference.
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<dt><i>inheritance</i>
<dd>The concept of classes automatically containing the variables and methods defined in their <i><a href="#supertype">supertypes</a></i>.  See also <i><a href="#superclass">superclass</a></i>, <i><a href="#subclass">subclass</a></i>.
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<dt><i>initialization parameter</i>
<dd>A parameter that initializes the context associated with a servlet.
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<dt><i>instance</i>
<dd>An object of a particular class. In programs written in the Java programming language, an instance of a class is created using the <code>new</code> operator followed by the class name.
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<dt><i><a name="imethod">instance method</a></i>
<dd>Any method that is invoked with respect to an instance of a class. Also called simply a <i><a href="#method">method</a></i>.  See also <i><a href="#cmethod">class method</a></i>.
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<dt><i><a name="ivariable">instance variable</a></i>
<dd>Any item of data that is associated with a particular object. Each instance of a class has its own copy of the instance variables defined in the class.  Also called a <i><a href="#field">field</a></i>.  See also <i><a href="#cvariable">class variable</a></i>.
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<dt><i>instanceof</i>
<dd>A two-argument Java programming language keyword that tests whether the run-time type of its first argument is assignment compatible with its second argument.
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<dt><i>int</i>
<dd>A Java programming language keyword used to define a variable of type integer.
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<dt><i>interface</i>
<dd>A Java programming language keyword used to define a collection of method definitions and constant values. It can later be implemented by classes that define this interface with the "implements" keyword.
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<dt><i><a name="internet">Internet</a></i>
<dd>An enormous network consisting of literally millions of hosts from many organizations and countries around the world. It is physically put together from many smaller networks and data travels by a common set of protocols.
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<dt><i><a name="ip">IP</a></i>
<dd>Internet Protocol. The basic protocol of the Internet. It enables the unreliable delivery of individual packets from one host to another. It makes no guarantees about whether or not the packet will be delivered, how long it will take, or if multiple packets will arrive in the order they were sent. Protocols built on top of this add the notions of connection and reliability.  See also <i><a href="#tcp">TCP/IP</a></i>.
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<dt><i><a name="interpreter">interpreter</a></i>
<dd>A module that alternately decodes and executes every statement in some body of code. The Java interpreter decodes and executes bytecode for the Java<sup><font size="-2">TM</font></sup> virtual machine<a href="#TJVM"><sup>1</sup></a>. See also <i><a href="#compiler">compiler</a></i>, <i><a href="#runtime">runtime system</a></i>.
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<dt><i>ISV</i>
<dd>Independent Software Vendor.
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<dt><i>JAIN</i>
<dd>See: <a href="#javaapi">Java APIs for Integrated Networks</a> (JAIN)
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<dt><i>Java</i>
<dd>is Sun's trademark for a set of technologies for creating and safely running software programs in both stand-alone and networked environments.
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<dt><i>Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE platform)</i>
<dd>See <a href="#j2ee">Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition</a>, under Java Platform Editions.
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<dt><i>Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME platform)</i>
<dd>See <a href="#j2me"> Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition</a>, under Java Platform Editions.
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<dt><i>Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE platform)</i>
<dd>See <a href="#j2se"> Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition</a>, under Java Platform Editions.
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<dt><i>Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition</i>
<dd>The Software Development Kit (SDK) is development environment for building applications, applets, and components using the Java programming language. This SDK provides a reference implementation of the J2SE platform.
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<dt><i>Java Application Environment (JAE)</i>
<dd>The source code release of the Java Development Kit (JDK) software.
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<dt><i><a name="javaapi">Java APIs for Integrated Networks (JAIN)</a></i>
<dd>enables the rapid development of Next Generation telecom products and services on the Java platform.
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<dt><i>Java API for XML-based Remote Procedure Calls (JAX-RPC)</i>
<dd>Enables Java technology developers to develop SOAP based interoperable and portable web services. JAX-RPC provides the core API for developing and deploying web services messaging on the Java platform. JAX-RPC is required part of the J2EE 1.4 platform.
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<dt><i><a name="jaxm">Java API for XML Messaging (JAXM)</a></i>
<dd>An API designed specifically for the exchange of XML business documents over the Internet. Examples of XML documents that might typically be exchanged are purchase orders, order confirmations, and invoices. You can send non-XML data by adding attachments to your message.
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<dt><i><a name="jaxp"></a>Java APIs for XML Processing (JAXP)</i>
<dd>Enables applications to parse and transform XML documents using an API that is independent of a particular XML processor implementation. JAXP also provides a plugability feature which enables applications to easily switch between particular XML processor implementations.
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<dt><i><a name="jaxr"></a>Java APIs for XML Registries (JAXR)</i>
<dd>A uniform and standard Java API for accessing different kinds of XML Registries (such as UDDI and ebXML registries). XML registries are an enabling infrastructure for building, deployment, and discovery of web services.
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<dt><i><a name="jaxb">Java Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB)</a></i>
<dd>Provides a binding compiler and a runtime framework to support a two-way mapping between XML documents and Java objects. The binding compiler translates W3C XML Schema into one or more Java classes without requiring the developer to write complex parsing code.
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<dt><i>Java Blend</i>
<dd>A product that enables developers to simplify database application development by mapping database records to objects in the Java programming language (Java objects) and Java objects to databases.
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<dt><i>Java Card API</i>
<dd>An ISO 7816-4 compliant application environment focused on smart cards.
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<dt><i>Java Compatibility Kit (JCK)</i>
<dd>A test suite, a set of tools, and other requirements used to certify a Java platform implementation conformant both to the applicable Java platform specifications and to Java Software reference implementations.
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<dt><i>Java Developer Connection</i>
<dd>A service designed for individual developers, providing online training, product discounts, feature articles, bug information, and early access capabilities.
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<dt><i>Java Development Kit (JDK)</i>
<dd>A software development environment for writing applets and applications in the Java programming language. Technically, the JDK is the correct name for all versions of the Java platform from 1.0 to 1.1.x.
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<dt><i>Java Electronic Commerce Framework</i>
<dd>A structured architecture for the development of electronic commerce applications in the Java programming language.
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<dt><i>Java Enterprise API</i>
<dd>This API makes it easy to create large-scale commercial and database applications that can share multimedia data with other applications within an organization or across the Internet. Four APIs have been designed within the Java Enterprise API family.
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<dt><i>Java Foundation Classes (JFC)</i>
<dd>An extension that adds graphical user interface class libraries to the Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT).
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<dt><i>Java IDL</i>
<dd>See <a href="#idl">Java Interface Definition Language</a>
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<dt><i><a name="idl">Java Interface Definition Language (IDL)</a></i>
<dd>A set of Java APIs that provide CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) interoperability and connectivity capabilities for the J2EE platform. These capabilities enable J2EE applications to invoke operations on remote network services using the OMG IDL and IIOP.
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<dt><i>Java Media APIs</i>
<dd>A set of APIs that support the integration of audio and video clips, 2D fonts, graphics, and images as well as 3D models and telephony.
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<dt><i>Java Media Framework</i>
<dd>The core framework supports clocks for synchronizing between different media (e.g., audio and video output). The standard extension framework allows users to do full audio and video streaming.
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<dt><i>Java Message Service (JMS)</i>
<dd>An API for using enterprise messaging systems such as IBM MQ Series, TIBCO Rendezvous, and so on.
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<dt><i><a name="jndi">Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI)</a></i>
<dd>A set of APIs that assists with the interfacing to multiple naming and directory services.
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<dt><i><a name="jni">Java Native Interface</a></i>
<dd>A standard programming interface for writing Java native methods and embedding the JVM into native applications. The primary goal is binary compatibility of native method libraries across all JVM implementations on a given platform.
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<dt><i>Java Platform</i>
<dd>Consists of class libraries, a Java virtual machine (JVM) and class loader (which comprise the runtime environment) and a compiler, debugger and other tools (which comprise the development kit).
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In addition, the runtime platform is subject to a set of compatibility requirements to ensure consistent and compatible implementations. Implementations that meet the compatibility requirements may qualify for Sun's targeted compatibility brands.
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Java 2 is the current generation of the Java Platform.
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<dt><i>Java Platform Editions</i>
<dd>A Java platform "edition" is a definitive and agreed-upon version of the Java platform that provides the functionality needed over a broad market segment.
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An edition is comprised of two kinds of API sets: (i) &quot;core packages,&quot; which are essential to all implementations of a given platform edition, and (ii) &quot;optional packages,&quot; which are available for a given platform edition and which may be supported in a compatible implementation.
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There are 3 distinct editions of the Java Platform:
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<a name="j2ee">* Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition:</a><br>
The edition of the Java platform that is targeted at enterprises to enable development, deployment, and management of multi-tier server-centric applications.