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now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the 
Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or 
duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each 
Person. 
<P>Clause 2: The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, 
unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. 
<P>Clause 3: No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. 
<P>Clause 4: No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in 
Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 
<I>(See Note 7)</I> 
<P>Clause 5: No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State. 
<P>Clause 6: No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or 
Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound 
to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. 
<P>Clause 7: No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of 
Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts 
and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time. 
<P>Clause 8: No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no 
Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the 
Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of 
any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State. 
<H3>Section. 10.</H3>
<P>Clause 1: No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; 
grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any 
Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of 
Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or 
grant any Title of Nobility. 
<P>Clause 2: No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any 
Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary 
for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and 
Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the 
Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the 
Revision and Controul of the Congress. 
<P>Clause 3: No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of 
Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement 
or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless 
actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay. 
<H2>Article. II.</H2>
<H3>Section. 1. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United 
States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, 
together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as 
follows 
<P>Clause 2: Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof 
may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and 
Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no 
Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under 
the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 
<P>Clause 3: The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by 
Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the 
same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted 
for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and 
certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, 
directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in 
the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the 
Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the 
greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of 
the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have 
such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of 
Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and 
if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said 
House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, 
the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having 
one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from 
two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to 
a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having 
the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if 
there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse 
from them by Ballot the Vice President. <I>(See Note 8)</I> 
<P>Clause 4: The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and 
the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same 
throughout the United States. 
<P>Clause 5: No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United 
States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to 
the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who 
shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years 
a Resident within the United States. 
<P>Clause 6: In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his 
Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said 
Office, <I>(See Note 9)</I> the Same shall devolve on the VicePresident, and the 
Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or 
Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer 
shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the 
Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 
<P>Clause 7: The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a 
Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the Period 
for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that 
Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them. 
<P>Clause 8: Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the 
following Oath or Affirmation:--"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will 
faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the 
best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United 
States." 
<H3>Section. 2. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of 
the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into 
the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, 
of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject 
relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to 
grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in 
Cases of Impeachment. 
<P>Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the 
Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; 
and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, 
shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the 
supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments 
are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: 
but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as 
they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads 
of Departments. 
<P>Clause 3: The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may 
happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall 
expire at the End of their next Session. 
<H3>Section. 3. </H3>
<P>He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of 
the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge 
necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both 
Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with 
Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall 
think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall 
take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the 
Officers of the United States. 
<H3>Section. 4. </H3>
<P>The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, 
shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, 
Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. 
<H2>Article. III. </H2>
<H3>Section. 1.</H3>
<P>The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme 
Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain 
and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold 
their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for 
their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their 
Continuance in Office. 
<H3>Section. 2. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, 
arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties 
made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;--to all Cases affecting 
Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;--to all Cases of admiralty and 
maritime Jurisdiction;--to Controversies to which the United States shall be a 
Party;--to Controversies between two or more States;--between a State and 
Citizens of another State; <I>(See Note 10)</I>--between Citizens of different 
States, --between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of 
different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign 
States, Citizens or Subjects. 
<P>Clause 2: In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and 
Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have 
original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme 
Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such 
Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make. 
<P>Clause 3: The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be 
by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall 
have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be 
at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed. 
<H3>Section. 3. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying 
War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. 
No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses 
to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. 
<P>Clause 2: The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, 
but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except 
during the Life of the Person attainted. 
<H2>Article. IV. </H2>
<H3>Section. 1. </H3>
<P>Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, 
Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by 
general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings 
shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. 
<H3>Section. 2. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and 
Immunities of Citizens in the several States. 
<P>Clause 2: A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, 
who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of 
the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be 
removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. 
<P>Clause 3: No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws 
thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation 
therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on 
Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due. <I>(See Note 11) 
</I>
<H3>Section. 3. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no 
new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; 
nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of