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<H1>THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION</H1>
<HR>

<P><I>(See Note 1)</I> 
<P>We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, 
establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, 
promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves 
and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United 
States of America. 
<H2>Article. I.</H2>
<H3>Section 1. </H3>
<P>All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the 
United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. 
<H3>Section. 2. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen 
every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each 
State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous 
Branch of the State Legislature. 
<P>Clause 2: No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to 
the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United 
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which 
he shall be chosen. 
<P>Clause 3: Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the 
several States which may be included within this Union, according to their 
respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of 
free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and 
excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. <I>(See Note 
2)</I> The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first 
Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term 
of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of 
Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State 
shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be 
made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts 
eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York 
six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia 
ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. 
<P>Clause 4: When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the 
Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such 
Vacancies. 
<P>Clause 5: The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other 
Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment. 
<H3>Section. 3. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators 
from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, <I>(See Note 3)</I> for six 
Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote. 
<P>Clause 2: Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the 
first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. 
The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration 
of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, 
and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third 
may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or 
otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive 
thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the 
Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies. <I>(See Note 4)</I> 
<P>Clause 3: No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age 
of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who 
shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be 
chosen. 
<P>Clause 4: The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the 
Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided. 
<P>Clause 5: The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President 
pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the 
Office of President of the United States. 
<P>Clause 6: The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When 
sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the 
President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no 
Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members 
present. 
<P>Clause 7: Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to 
removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, 
Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall 
nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and 
Punishment, according to Law. 
<H3>Section. 4. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and 
Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; 
but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except 
as to the Places of chusing Senators. 
<P>Clause 2: The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such 
Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, <I>(See Note 5)</I> unless 
they shall by Law appoint a different Day. 
<H3>Section. 5. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and 
Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a 
Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may 
be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and 
under such Penalties as each House may provide. 
<P>Clause 2: Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its 
Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel 
a Member. 
<P>Clause 3: Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time 
to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require 
Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question 
shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal. 
<P>Clause 4: Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the 
Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place 
than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. 
<H3>Section. 6. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for 
their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the 
United States. <I>(See Note 6)</I> They shall in all Cases, except Treason, 
Felony and Breach of the Peace, beprivileged from Arrest during their Attendance 
at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from 
the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be 
questioned in any other Place. 
<P>Clause 2: No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he 
was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United 
States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been 
encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United 
States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office. 
<H3>Section. 7. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of 
Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on 
other Bills. 
<P>Clause 2: Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and 
the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the 
United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, 
with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall 
enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If 
after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the 
Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by 
which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that 
House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses 
shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for 
and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. 
If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays 
excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in 
like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment 
prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law. 
<P>Clause 3: Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of 
Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and 
before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being 
disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of 
Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case 
of a Bill. 
<H3>Section. 8. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, 
Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and 
general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall 
be uniform throughout the United States; 
<P>Clause 2: To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; 
<P>Clause 3: To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several 
States, and with the Indian Tribes; 
<P>Clause 4: To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on 
the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; 
<P>Clause 5: To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and 
fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; 
<P>Clause 6: To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and 
current Coin of the United States; 
<P>Clause 7: To establish Post Offices and post Roads; 
<P>Clause 8: To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for 
limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective 
Writings and Discoveries; 
<P>Clause 9: To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; 
<P>Clause 10: To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high 
Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; 
<P>Clause 11: To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make 
Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; 
<P>Clause 12: To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that 
Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; 
<P>Clause 13: To provide and maintain a Navy; 
<P>Clause 14: To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and 
naval Forces; 
<P>Clause 15: To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of 
the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; 
<P>Clause 16: To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, 
and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the 
United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the 
Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline 
prescribed by Congress; 
<P>Clause 17: To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over 
such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, byCession of particular 
States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the 
United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the 
Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the 
Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful 
Buildings;--And 
<P>Clause 18: To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying 
into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this 
Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or 
Officer thereof. 
<H3>Section. 9. </H3>
<P>Clause 1: The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States