htaccess.html.en

Apache HTTP Server 是一个功能强大的灵活的与HTTP/1.1相兼容的web服务器.这里给出的是Apache HTTP服务器的源码。

    <div class="example"><h3>Section from your <code>httpd.conf</code>
    file</h3><p><code>
      &lt;Directory /www/htdocs/example&gt;<br />
      <span class="indent">
        AddType text/example .exm<br />
      </span>
      &lt;/Directory&gt;
    </code></p></div>

    <p>However, putting this configuration in your server configuration
    file will result in less of a performance hit, as the configuration is
    loaded once when Apache starts, rather than every time a file is
    requested.</p>

    <p>The use of <code>.htaccess</code> files can be disabled completely
    by setting the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code>
    directive to <code>none</code>:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      AllowOverride None
    </code></p></div>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="how" id="how">How directives are applied</a></h2>

    <p>The configuration directives found in a <code>.htaccess</code> file
    are applied to the directory in which the <code>.htaccess</code> file
    is found, and to all subdirectories thereof. However, it is important
    to also remember that there may have been <code>.htaccess</code> files
    in directories higher up. Directives are applied in the order that they
    are found. Therefore, a <code>.htaccess</code> file in a particular
    directory may override directives found in <code>.htaccess</code> files
    found higher up in the directory tree. And those, in turn, may have
    overridden directives found yet higher up, or in the main server
    configuration file itself.</p>

    <p>Example:</p>

    <p>In the directory <code>/www/htdocs/example1</code> we have a
    <code>.htaccess</code> file containing the following:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
       Options +ExecCGI
    </code></p></div>

    <p>(Note: you must have "<code>AllowOverride Options</code>" in effect
    to permit the use of the "<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code>" directive in
    <code>.htaccess</code> files.)</p>

    <p>In the directory <code>/www/htdocs/example1/example2</code> we have
    a <code>.htaccess</code> file containing:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
       Options Includes
    </code></p></div>

    <p>Because of this second <code>.htaccess</code> file, in the directory
    <code>/www/htdocs/example1/example2</code>, CGI execution is not
    permitted, as only <code>Options Includes</code> is in effect, which
    completely overrides any earlier setting that may have been in
    place.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="auth" id="auth">Authentication example</a></h2>

    <p>If you jumped directly to this part of the document to find out how
    to do authentication, it is important to note one thing. There is a
    common misconception that you are required to use
    <code>.htaccess</code> files in order to implement password
    authentication. This is not the case. Putting authentication directives
    in a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory">&lt;Directory&gt;</a></code>
    section, in your main server configuration file, is the preferred way
    to implement this, and <code>.htaccess</code> files should be used only
    if you don't have access to the main server configuration file. See <a href="#when">above</a> for a discussion of when you should and should
    not use <code>.htaccess</code> files.</p>

    <p>Having said that, if you still think you need to use a
    <code>.htaccess</code> file, you may find that a configuration such as
    what follows may work for you.</p>

    <p>You must have "<code>AllowOverride AuthConfig</code>" in effect for
    these directives to be honored.</p>

    <p><code>.htaccess</code> file contents:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
      AuthType Basic<br />
      AuthName "Password Required"<br />
      AuthUserFile /www/passwords/password.file<br />
      AuthGroupFile /www/passwords/group.file<br />
      Require Group admins
    </code></p></div>

    <p>Note that <code>AllowOverride AuthConfig</code> must be in effect
    for these directives to have any effect.</p>

    <p>Please see the <a href="auth.html">authentication tutorial</a> for a
    more complete discussion of authentication and authorization.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="ssi" id="ssi">Server Side Includes example</a></h2>

    <p>Another common use of <code>.htaccess</code> files is to enable
    Server Side Includes for a particular directory. This may be done with
    the following configuration directives, placed in a
    <code>.htaccess</code> file in the desired directory:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
       Options +Includes<br />
       AddType text/html shtml<br />
       AddHandler server-parsed shtml
    </code></p></div>

    <p>Note that <code>AllowOverride Options</code> and <code>AllowOverride
    FileInfo</code> must both be in effect for these directives to have any
    effect.</p>

    <p>Please see the <a href="ssi.html">SSI tutorial</a> for a more
    complete discussion of server-side includes.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="cgi" id="cgi">CGI example</a></h2>

    <p>Finally, you may wish to use a <code>.htaccess</code> file to permit
    the execution of CGI programs in a particular directory. This may be
    implemented with the following configuration:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
       Options +ExecCGI<br />
       AddHandler cgi-script cgi pl
    </code></p></div>

    <p>Alternately, if you wish to have all files in the given directory be
    considered to be CGI programs, this may be done with the following
    configuration:</p>

    <div class="example"><p><code>
       Options +ExecCGI<br />
       SetHandler cgi-script
    </code></p></div>

    <p>Note that <code>AllowOverride Options</code> and <code>AllowOverride
    FileInfo</code> must both be in effect for these directives to have any
    effect.</p>

    <p>Please see the <a href="cgi.html">CGI tutorial</a> for a more
    complete discussion of CGI programming and configuration.</p>

</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="troubleshoot" id="troubleshoot">Troubleshooting</a></h2>

    <p>When you put configuration directives in a <code>.htaccess</code>
    file, and you don't get the desired effect, there are a number of
    things that may be going wrong.</p>

    <p>Most commonly, the problem is that <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> is not
    set such that your configuration directives are being honored. Make
    sure that you don't have a <code>AllowOverride None</code> in effect
    for the file scope in question. A good test for this is to put garbage
    in your <code>.htaccess</code> file and reload. If a server error is
    not generated, then you almost certainly have <code>AllowOverride
    None</code> in effect.</p>

    <p>If, on the other hand, you are getting server errors when trying to
    access documents, check your Apache error log. It will likely tell you
    that the directive used in your <code>.htaccess</code> file is not
    permitted. Alternately, it may tell you that you had a syntax error,
    which you will then need to fix.</p>

</div></div>
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