📄 learn about windows cryptography.htm
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<TH>Name</TH>
<TH>Key or Hash Size</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Hash</TD>
<TD>MD2</TD>
<TD>128 bit</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Hash</TD>
<TD>MD4</TD>
<TD>128 bit</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Hash</TD>
<TD>MD5</TD>
<TD>128 bit</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Hash</TD>
<TD>SHA</TD>
<TD>160 bit</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Symmetric Encryption</TD>
<TD>RC2</TD>
<TD>128 bit</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Symmetric Encryption</TD>
<TD>RC4</TD>
<TD>128 bit</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Symmetric Encryption</TD>
<TD>DES</TD>
<TD>56 bit</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Symmetric Encryption</TD>
<TD>Triple DES (2 Keys)</TD>
<TD>112 bit</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Symmetric Encryption</TD>
<TD>Triple DES (3 Keys)</TD>
<TD>168 bit</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Public-Key Encryption</TD>
<TD>RSA</TD>
<TD>1,024 bit</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top>Public-Key Signature</TD>
<TD vAlign=top>RSA</TD>
<TD>384 - 16,384 bit<BR>1,024 bit by
default</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P><B>The Microsoft Enhanced RSA and AES Cryptographic Provider
(Prototype)</B> (Windows XP) and <B>Microsoft Enhanced RSA and AES
Cryptographic Provider</B> (Windows 2003) provide support for the
Advanced Encryption Standard cipher (also known as
<I>Rijndael</I>). The following key lengths are available:
<P>
<TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=2 border=1>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TH>Purpose</TH>
<TH>Name</TH>
<TH>Key Size</TH></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Symmetric Encryption</TD>
<TD>AES</TD>
<TD>128 bit</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Symmetric Encryption</TD>
<TD>AES</TD>
<TD>192 bit</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>Symmetric Encryption</TD>
<TD>AES</TD>
<TD>256 bit</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P>AES is not supported on Windows NT or 2000. AES is supported on
Windows XP and 2003 by the AspEncrypt versions 2.3 and higher.
</FONT></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT face=Arial color=#9c3131
size=3> <B>Cryptographic Service Provider List in System
Registry</B> </FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE><FONT face=Arial size=2>The list all Cryptographic
Service Providers installed on the current machine can be obtained
from the system registry under the key
<P><B><FONT
size=1>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Cryptography\Defaults\Providers</FONT></B>.
<P>The default cryptographic provider for the current user can be
found under the key
<P><B><FONT
size=1>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Cryptography\Providers\Type
001</FONT></B>. </FONT></P></BLOCKQUOTE><FONT face=Arial
color=#9c3131 size=3> <B>Key Databases</B> </FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE><FONT face=Arial size=2>Each CSP has a key database in
which it stores its persistent cryptographic keys. Each key
database contains one or more key containers, each of which
contains all the key pairs belonging to a specific user (or
CryptoAPI client). Each key container has a unique name. There are
usually two key pairs in each container: a key-exchange key pair
and signature key pair. One key pair is used to encrypt session
keys and the other to create digital signatures.
<P>In Windows NT, the Microsoft providers store their key
containers in two locations of the system registry. One location
is under the key
<B>HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Cryptography\UserKeys</B>.
The other is under the key
<B>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Cryprography\MachineKeys</B>.
The former is usually used by a stand-alone application, and the
latter by a process running on behalf of a non-interactive user,
such as an IIS/ASP application.
<P>In Windows 2000, Microsoft decided to move the key containers
from the system registry to file system. They can now be found
under the directories <B>\Documents and
settings\<username>\Application
Data\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\<user SID></B> and <B>\Documents
and settings\All Users\Application
Data\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\Machinekeys</B>, respectively.
</FONT></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT face=Arial color=#9c3131
size=3> <B>Cryptographic Context</B> </FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE><FONT face=Arial size=2>An application uses
cryptographic services provided by a certain CSP by opening a
<B>Cryptographic Context</B> which is a handle that connects the
CSP with one of its key containers. Every cryptographic operation
attempted by an application begins with opening an appropriate
cryptographic context. The application must specify the CSP and
key container name it wants to use. AspEncrypt always opens a
context associated with the default provider and a specified key
container name, as shown in the section <B><A
href="http://www.aspencrypt.com/task_providers.html">Manage
Cryptographic Providers and Contexts</A></B>.
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