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unix 下的C开发手册,还用详细的例程。

<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>chgat()</i>
<td align=left>change renditions of characters in a window
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>N
<td align=center>N
<td align=left><i><a href="chgat.html">chgat()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left>&nbsp;
<td align=left></i><b>Delete</b><i>
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>delch()</i>
<td align=left>delete a character
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>N
<td align=left><i><a href="delch.html">delch()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left>&nbsp;
<td align=left></i><b>Get (Input from Keyboard to Window)</b><i>
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>getch()</i>
<td align=left>get a character
<td align=center>Y
<td align=center>Y
<td align=center>Y
<td align=left><i><a href="getch.html">getch()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>get</i>[<i>n</i>]<i>str()</i>
<td align=left>get a character string
<td align=center>Y
<td align=center>Y
<td align=center>Y
<td align=left><i><a href="getnstr.html">getnstr()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>get_wch()</i>
<td align=left>get a wide character
<td align=center>Y
<td align=center>Y
<td align=center>Y
<td align=left><i><a href="get_wch.html">get_wch()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>get</i>[<i>n</i>]<i>_wstr()</i>
<td align=left>get an array of wide characters and key codes
<td align=center>Y
<td align=center>Y
<td align=center>Y
<td align=left><i><a href="get_wstr.html">get_wstr()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left>&nbsp;
<td align=left></i><b>Explicit Cursor Movement</b><i>
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>w</i>]<i>move()</i>
<td align=left>move the cursor
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=left><i><a href="move.html">move()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left>&nbsp;
<td align=left></i><b>Input (Read Back from Window)</b><i>
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>inch()</i>
<td align=left>input a character
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=left><i><a href="inch.html">inch()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>inch</i>[<i>n</i>]<i>str()</i>
<td align=left>input an array of characters and attributes
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=left><i><a href="inchnstr.html">inchnstr()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>in</i>[<i>n</i>]<i>str()</i>
<td align=left>input a string
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=left><i><a href="innstr.html">innstr()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>in</i>[<i>n</i>]<i>wstr()</i>
<td align=left>input a string of wide characters
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=left><i><a href="innwstr.html">innwstr()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>in_wch()</i>
<td align=left>input a wide character and rendition
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=left><i><a href="in_wch.html">in_wch()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>in_wch</i>[<i>n</i>]<i>str()</i>
<td align=left>input an array of wide characters and renditions
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=left><i><a href="inchnstr.html">inchnstr()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left>&nbsp;
<td align=left></i><b>Insert</b><i>
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>insch()</i>
<td align=left>insert a character
<td align=center>Y
<td align=center>N
<td align=center>N
<td align=left><i><a href="insch.html">insch()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>ins</i>[<i>n</i>]<i>str()</i>
<td align=left>insert a character string
<td align=center>Y
<td align=center>N
<td align=center>N
<td align=left><i><a href="insnstr.html">insnstr()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>ins_</i>[<i>n</i>]<i>wstr()</i>
<td align=left>insert a wide-character string
<td align=center>Y
<td align=center>N
<td align=center>N
<td align=left><i><a href="ins_nwstr.html">ins_nwstr()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>ins_wch()</i>
<td align=left>insert a wide character
<td align=center>Y
<td align=center>N
<td align=center>N
<td align=left><i><a href="ins_wch.html">ins_wch()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left>&nbsp;
<td align=left></i><b>Print and Scan</b><i>
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<td align=center>&nbsp;
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>printw()</i>
<td align=left>print formatted output
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=left><i><a href="mvprintw.html">mvprintw()</a></i>
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i></i>[<i>mv</i>][<i>w</i>]<i>scanw()</i>
<td align=left>convert formatted output
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=center>-
<td align=left><i><a href="mvscanw.html">mvscanw()</a></i>
</table>
<p>
<h5><a name = "tag_001_006_002_001">&nbsp;</a>Legend</h5>
The following notation indicates the effect when characters are moved to the
screen.  (For the Get functions, this applies only when echoing is enabled.)
<dl compact>

<dt>s<dd>Y means these functions perform special-character processing (see
<xref href=specialchars><a href="#tag_001_004_003">
Special Characters
</a></xref>).
N means they do not.  ? means the results are unspecified when these
functions are applied to special characters.

<dt>w<dd>Y means these functions perform wrapping (see
<xref href=truncation><a href="#tag_001_004_002_002">
Truncation, Wrapping and Scrolling
</a></xref>).
N means they do not.

<dt>c<dd>Y means these functions advance the cursor (see
<xref href=truncation><a href="#tag_001_004_002_002">
Truncation, Wrapping and Scrolling
</a></xref>).
N means they do not.

<dt>-<dd>The attribute specified by this column does not apply to these functions.

</dl>
<h3><a name = "tag_001_007">&nbsp;</a>Interfaces Implemented as Macros</h3>
The following interfaces with arguments must be implemented as macros.  The
relevance to the application programmer is that the `&amp;</i>' character
cannot be used before the arguments.
<p>
<p><table  bordercolor=#000000 border=1 align=center><tr valign=top><th align=center><b>Macros</b>
<th align=center><b>Chapter 4 Entry</b>
<tr valign=top><td align=left><i>getbegyx</i>(), <i>getmaxyx</i>(), <i>getparyx</i>(), <i>getyx</i>()
<td align=left><i>getbegyx</i>()
</table>
<p>
The header file reference manual pages list other macros, like COLOR_BLACK,
that do not take arguments.
<h3><a name = "tag_001_008">&nbsp;</a>Initialised Curses Environment</h3>
Before executing an application that uses Curses, 
the terminal must be prepared as follows:
<ul>
<p>
<li>
If the terminal has hardware tab stops, they should be set.
<p>
<li>
Any initialisation strings defined for the terminal must be output to the
terminal.
<p>
</ul>
<p>
The resulting state of the terminal must be compatible with the model of the
terminal that Curses has, as reflected in the terminal's entry in the
<b>terminfo</b>
database (see
<xref href=chapTERMINFO><a href="terminfo.html#tag_002">
Terminfo Source Format (ENHANCED CURSES)
</a></xref>).
<p>
To initialise Curses, the application must call
<i><a href="initscr.html">initscr()</a></i>
or
<i><a href="newterm.html">newterm()</a></i>
before calling any of the other functions that deal with windows and
screens, and it must call
<i><a href="endwin.html">endwin()</a></i>
before exiting.  To get character-at-a-time input
without echoing (most interactive, screen-oriented programs want this), the
following sequence should be used:
<p>
<pre>
<dl compact><dt> <dd>
<i><a href="initscr.html">initscr()</a></i>
<i><a href="cbreak.html">cbreak()</a></i>
<i><a href="noecho.html">noecho()</a></i>
</dl>
</pre>
<p>
Most programs would additionally use the sequence:
<p>
<pre>
<dl compact><dt> <dd>
<i><a href="nonl.html">nonl()</a></i>
<i>intrflush</i>(<i>stdscr</i>, FALSE)
<i>keypad</i>(<i>stdscr</i>, TRUE)
</dl>
</pre>
<h3><a name = "tag_001_009">&nbsp;</a>Synchronous and Networked Asynchronous Terminals</h3>
<xref type="2" name="oldchapter13"></xref>
This section indicates to the application writer some considerations to be
borne in mind when driving synchronous, networked asynchronous (NWA) or
non-standard directly-connected asynchronous terminals.
<p>
Such terminals are often used in a mainframe environment and communicate to
the host in block mode.  That is, the user types characters at the terminal
then presses a special key to initiate transmission of the characters to the
host.
<p>
Frequently, although it may be possible to send arbitrary sized blocks to the
host, it is not possible or desirable to cause a character to be
transmitted with only a single keystroke.
<p>
This can cause severe problems to an application wishing to make use of
single-character input; see
<xref href=terminalinput><a href="#tag_001_005">
Input Processing
</a></xref>.
<h5><a name = "tag_001_009_000_001">&nbsp;</a>Output</h5>
The Curses interface can be used in the normal way for all operations
pertaining to output to the terminal, with the possible exception that on some
terminals the
<i><a href="refresh.html">refresh()</a></i>
routine may have to redraw the entire screen contents in order to perform any
update.
<p>
If it is additionally necessary to clear the screen before each such
operation, the result could be undesirable.
<h5><a name = "tag_001_009_000_002">&nbsp;</a>Input</h5>
Because of the nature of operation of synchronous (block-mode) and NWA
terminals, it might not be possible to support all or any of the Curses
input functions.  In particular, the following points should be noted:
<ul>
<p>
<li>
Single-character input might not be possible.  It may be necessary to press a
special key to cause all characters typed at the terminal to be transmitted to
the host.
<p>
<li>
It is sometimes not possible to disable echo.  Character echo may be performed
directly by the terminal.  On terminals that behave in this way, any Curses
application that performs input should be aware that any characters typed will
appear on the screen at wherever the cursor is positioned.  This does not
necessarily correspond to the position of the cursor in the window.
<p>
</ul>
<p>
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