vi.html

unix 下的C开发手册,还用详细的例程。

<p>
An interrupt typed during text input,
or during the input of a command on the bottom line,
will terminate the input (or cancel the command)
and will return the editor to command mode.
During command mode, an interrupt
will alert the terminal.
In general, an alert indicates an error (such as unrecognised key).
<p>
Lines displayed on the screen containing only a tilde
(~)
indicate
that the last line above them is the last line
in the editing buffer
(the ~
lines are past the end of the editing buffer).
<p>
There may be lines on the screen marked with an "@".
These indicate space on the screen not
corresponding to lines in the file.
This will happen if there is space at the bottom
of the screen for some text, but the next line of
the buffer will not fit.
(It may also happen on a terminal with limited local intelligence.
In this case, these lines can be removed by entering a
&lt;control&gt;-R,
forcing the editor to refresh the screen.)
<h5><a name = "tag_001_014_2821_001">&nbsp;</a>Command Descriptions in vi</h5>
The cursor, in general, is placed on the current line
and in the current column position as noted for each command
described below.
If the current line is not in the display window,
then the display window will be either scrolled or refreshed
to cause the current line to be in the display window.
If the screen is refreshed, the current line will be positioned
as close to the center of the display window as possible.
If the current line is less than one-half window lines
from the
beginning of the editing buffer, the first line of the buffer
will be displayed on the first line of the display window.
If the current line is less than one-half window lines
from the end of the editing buffer, the remaining lines of the display
window after the last line of the file will contain only a
~
character in column position 1.
If the screen is scrolled rather than refreshed, the
current line will be placed at the top of the display window
if the current line is before the first line displayed.
If the current line is after the last line displayed,
the display window will be scrolled up and the current line
will be placed on the last line of the display window.
<p>
As stated previously, the cursor is generally placed
on the current column position of the current line.
The one exception to this is if the current column position
is beyond the end of the current line.
In this case, the cursor will be placed on the last character
of the current line.
However, the current column position value will not be altered by this.
Thus, if the current line changes to a longer line, the cursor
will be moved back out to the current column position or
to the end of the line if it is shorter than the current column.
<p>
Unless otherwise specified, the commands are interpreted in command
mode and have no special effect in input mode.
<p>
Some of the following command descriptions (such as
a,
A,
c,
and so on) move the cursor and enter input mode.
The indications of
<i>Current line</i>
and
<i>Current column</i>
are for the cursor movement up to the beginning of input mode.
Depending on the text inserted, the cursor will generally wind up
in a totally different location by the time command mode is reentered.
The cursor movement that accompanies the transition
from input mode to command mode is described in
<xref href=viterm><a href="#tag_001_014_2821_018">
Terminate Command or Input Mode
</a></xref>.
<p>
The following symbols are used in this section to represent
arguments to commands, to describe commands or to specify the new
values of the current line and column indicators following
execution of the command.
<dl compact>

<dt><i>bigword</i><dd>A maximal sequence of non-blank characters preceded and followed by
blank
characters or the beginning or end of a line or the file.

<dt><i>buffer</i><dd>One of a number of named areas for saving text.
Commands that change or delete text can be preceded by a
buffer specification argument
<i>buffer</i>.
It is specified
in the form
<b>"</b><i>c</i>,
where
<i>c</i>
represents the name of a
buffer, one of the lower-case letters of the POSIX locale.
Specifying
<i>buffer</i>
will cause the area of text affected by
the command to be stored into the buffer as it was before
the command took effect.
This argument is also used on
the put commands
(p
and
P)
to specify the buffer that will provide the text to insert.
When a command synopsis shows both
<b>[</b><i>buffer</i><b>]</b>
and
<b>[</b><i>count</i><b>]</b>
preceding the command letter,
either can precede the other.

If the buffer name is specified in upper-case,
and the buffer is to be modified (as with a
deletion or yanking command)
the buffer will be appended to
rather than being overwritten.
If the buffer is not to be modified (as in a visual mode
put commands) the buffer name can be specified in lower-case or
upper-case with the same results.
There will be also one unnamed buffer, which is the repository
for all text deleted (with the
<b>delete</b>
or visual mode
d
command) or yanked (with the
<b>yank</b>
or visual mode
y
command) when no buffer is specified.

There are also
numbered buffers, 1 to 9, inclusive, which are accessible only from
visual mode.
These buffers are special in that,
in visual mode, when deleted text is placed in the unnamed buffer,
it also will be placed in buffer 1, the previous contents of
buffer 1 will be placed in buffer 2, and so on.
Any text in buffer 9 will be lost.
Text that is yanked (or otherwise copied) into the unnamed
buffer will not modify the numbered buffers.
Text cannot be placed directly into the numbered
buffers although it can be retrieved from them by using a
visual mode put command with the buffer name given as a number.
When the
<i>buffer</i>
modifier is not used in the commands below, the unnamed buffer
is the default.

<dt><i>column</i><dd>The (previous) value of the current column indicator.

<dt><i>count</i><dd>A positive integer used as an optional argument to most commands,
either to give a size or a position (for
display or movement commands), or as a repeat count (for
commands that change text).
This argument is optional
and defaults to 1 unless otherwise noted in the
individual command description.

<dt><i>end-of-line</i><dd>
A description of the current column indicator value
meaning that the current column
indicator will be set always to indicate the last character of
the current line.
Until the current column indicator is
changed, the cursor will be always positioned to the last
character of whatever line is current.

<dt><i>line</i><dd>The (previous) value of the current line indicator.

<dt><i>non-blank</i><dd>
A description of the current column indicator value
meaning that the current column indicator
will be set to the position of the first
non-blank character of the current line.
If the current line has no non-blank characters,
the indicator will be set to the position of the
last character of the line.

<dt><i>motion</i><dd>A command used as an optional trailing argument to some commands,
indicating the extent of text to be affected by the command.
The
<i>motion</i>
argument can be either the command character repeated
or a cursor movement command.
In the former case, exactly the current line is affected.
In the latter case, the region specified will be from the current cursor
position to just before the cursor position indicated by the motion command.
If the command operates on lines
only, then all the lines that fall partly or wholly
within this region are affected.
Otherwise, the exact region as described above is affected.
The following commands are considered to be cursor motion commands:
<pre>
<dl compact><dt> <dd>
<table <tr valign=top><th align=left>$
<th align=left>^
<th align=left>e
<th align=left>M
<tr valign=top><td align=left>%
<td align=left>&quot;
<td align=left>&lt;control&gt;-F
<td align=left>&lt;control&gt;-N
<tr valign=top><td align=left>''
<td align=left>`<i>letter</i>
<td align=left>F
<td align=left>N
<tr valign=top><td align=left>'<i>letter</i>
<td align=left>{
<td align=left>f
<td align=left>n
<tr valign=top><td align=left>(
<td align=left>|
<td align=left>G
<td align=left>&lt;control&gt;-P
<tr valign=top><td align=left>)
<td align=left>}
<td align=left>&lt;control&gt;-H
<td align=left>&lt;space&gt;
<tr valign=top><td align=left>,
<td align=left>0
<td align=left>H
<td align=left>&lt;control&gt;-T
<tr valign=top><td align=left>-
<td align=left>&lt;control&gt;-B
<td align=left>&lt;control&gt;-J
<td align=left>T
<tr valign=top><td align=left>/
<td align=left>B
<td align=left>j
<td align=left>t
<tr valign=top><td align=left>;
<td align=left>b
<td align=left>k
<td align=left>&lt;control&gt;-U
<tr valign=top><td align=left>?
<td align=left>&lt;control&gt;-D
<td align=left>L
<td align=left>W
<tr valign=top><td align=left>[[
<td align=left>&lt;control&gt;-E
<td align=left>l
<td align=left>w
<tr valign=top><td align=left>]]
<td align=left>E
<td align=left>&lt;control&gt;-M
<td align=left>&lt;control&gt;-Y
</table>
</dl>
</pre>
<p>
The optional
<i>count</i>
prefix available for some of the motion commands
can be included and is considered part of the
<i>motion</i>
argument.
For example, in
<b>c2w</b>,
the
<b>2w</b>
is the
<i>motion</i>
argument.
<p>
<dt><i>previous context</i><dd>
A state set whenever a non-relative motion command is executed in
<i>vi</i>.
<p>
<dt><i>paragraph</i><dd>
An area of text that begins with either the beginning of a file,
an empty line, or section boundary and continues
until either an empty line, section boundary or the end of
the editing buffer.
Additional paragraph boundaries can be defined by the
<i><a href="ex.html">ex</a></i>
<b>paragraph</b>
option.
<p>
<dt><i>section</i><dd>An area of text that starts with a line whose first character
is either a
form-feed character
or an open brace
({)
and continues until the next section or the
end of the editing buffer.
The beginning and end of the editing buffer are also considered
section boundaries.
Additional section boundaries can be defined by the
<i><a href="ex.html">ex</a></i>
<b>sections</b>
option.
<p>
<dt><i>sentence</i><dd>
An area of text that begins with either the beginning of
the editing buffer or the first non-blank character following the
previous sentence, paragraph or section boundary
and continues until the end of the editing buffer or a
period, exclamation point or question mark (".", "!", "?")
character followed by either an end-of-line or two
space characters.
Any number of closing parentheses, brackets or double-quote
(")", "]", """) characters can appear between the
period, exclamation point or question mark and the space characters
or end-of-line.
<p>
<dt><i>window</i><dd>The current value of the editor option
<b>window</b>.
<p>
<dt><i>word</i><dd>In the POSIX locale,
<i>vi</i>
recognises two kinds of words:
<ul>
<p>
<li>
A maximal sequence of letters, digits and
underscores, delimited at both ends by:
characters other than letters, digits or underscores;
the beginning or end of a line;
or the end of the editing buffer.
<p>
<li>
A maximal sequence of characters other
than letters, digits, underscores or white space,
delimited at both ends by:
a letter, digit, underscore or white space;
the beginning or end of a line;
or the end of the editing buffer.
<p>
</ul>
<p>
<dt><b>!</b><dd>A character that
can be appended to the command to modify its operation as detailed
in the individual command descriptions.
<p>
</dl>
<p>
After processing a
command, if the current line and column indicators have been
changed to specify a character not currently on the screen, the
editor will scroll or page the
text to bring the needed character onto the screen.
If the new current line is within
<i>window</i>
lines of the previous current line, and the terminal is capable of
scrolling in the indicated direction, the text will be scrolled the
minimum number of lines necessary to present the needed character.
Otherwise, the screen will be redisplayed with the new current line
positioned in the middle of the screen.
<p>
The following rules specify how exceptions will be handled.
When a movement command would cause a window to display beyond
the beginning of the
editing buffer, the window displayed is the window
beginning with the first line of the editing buffer.
When a movement
command would cause a window to be displayed beyond the end of
the editing buffer,
the terminal will be alerted
and the command aborted.
When the current line is empty, the cursor
will be placed in the first position of the line on the screen.
When the current column indicator value is beyond the end of the
current line, the cursor will be placed on the last character of the
current line, but the current column indicator will be unchanged.
<p>
The following rules specify how position exceptions will be handled.
When the current column indicator is at the beginning (end) of a
line and would be set to a position before the beginning (after
the end) of the current line, the command will not be executed,
the terminal will be alerted,
and the current position
will remain unchanged.
Otherwise, when the current column indicator
would be set to a position before the beginning (after the end) of
the current line, it will be set instead to the position of the first
(last) character of that line.
When the current line indicator
would be set to a position before the beginning (after the end) of
the editing buffer, the command will not be executed,
the terminal will be alerted,
and the current position
will remain unchanged.
<h5><a name = "tag_001_014_2821_002">&nbsp;</a>Page Backwards</h5>
<pre>
<code>
<i>Synopsis</i>:   <b>[</b><i>count</i><b>]</b> &lt;control&gt;-B
</code>
</pre>
<p>
Page backward in the file, allowing two lines of
overlap, by displaying the window starting at line
[<i>line</i>
-
(<i>count</i>
*
(<i>window</i>-2))].
<p>
<i>Current line :</i>
The last line displayed.
<p>
<i>Current column :</i>
Move to the first non-blank character of the current line
or the first character if the line is a blank line.
<h5><a name = "tag_001_014_2821_003">&nbsp;</a>Scroll Forward</h5>
<pre>
<code>
<i>Synopsis</i>:   <b>[</b><i>count</i><b>]</b> &lt;control&gt;-D
</code>
</pre>
<p>
Scroll forward
<i>count</i>
lines in the file.
If
<i>count</i>
is
not specified, the same number of lines will be scrolled as by
the previous
&lt;control&gt;-D
or
&lt;control&gt;-U
command.
On the
first
&lt;control&gt;-D
or
&lt;control&gt;-U
command, the amount
scrolled will be one-half the number of lines in a screenful.
See the
<i><a href="ex.html">ex</a></i>
<b>scroll</b>
option.
<p>
<i>Current line :</i>
(<i>line</i>
+ amount scrolled).
<p>
<i>Current column :</i>
Move to the first non-blank character of the current line
or the first character if the line is a blank line.
<h5><a name = "tag_001_014_2821_004">&nbsp;</a>Scroll Forward by Line</h5>
<pre>
<code>
<i>Synopsis</i>:   <b>[</b><i>count</i><b>]</b> &lt;control&gt;-E
</code>
</pre>
<p>
Scroll forward
<i>count</i>
lines, leaving the current line
and column as is if possible.
<p>
<i>Current line :</i>
Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the
screen; otherwise, move to the first line displayed.
<p>
<i>Current column :</i>
Unchanged unless the current line scrolls off the screen; otherwise,
move to the first character if it is a blank line or the last character
of the line if the position of the current column is further into the
line than the position of the last column of the line.
<h5><a name = "tag_001_014_2821_005">&nbsp;</a>Page Forward</h5>
<pre>
<code>
<i>Synopsis</i>:   <b>[</b><i>count</i><b>]</b> &lt;control&gt;-F
</code>
</pre>
<p>
Page forward in the file, allowing two lines of
overlap, by displaying the window starting at line
[<i>line</i>
+
(<i>count</i>
*
(<i>window</i>-2))].
<p>
<i>Current line :</i>
The first line displayed.
<p>