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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"><html><head><!-- Copyright 1997 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved --><title>cpio</title></head><body bgcolor=white><center><font size=2>The Single UNIX ® Specification, Version 2<br>Copyright © 1997 The Open Group</font></center><hr size=2 noshade><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_206"> </a>NAME</h4><blockquote>cpio - copy file archives in and out (<b><a href="intro.html#tag_001_003_003">LEGACY</a></b>)</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_207"> </a>SYNOPSIS</h4><blockquote><pre><code>cpio -o<b>[</b>aBcv<b>]</b>cpio -i<b>[</b>Bcdmrtuvf<b>] [</b><i>pattern</i> ...<b>]</b>cpio -p<b>[</b>adlmuv<b>] </b><i>directory</i></code></pre></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_208"> </a>DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote>The<i>cpio</i>utility, depending on the options used:<ul><p><li>copies files to an archive file<p><li>extracts files from an archive file<p><li>copies files from one directory tree to another.<p></ul></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_209"> </a>OPTIONS</h4><blockquote>The<i>cpio</i>utility supports the <b>XBD</b> specification, <a href="../xbd/utilconv.html#usg"><b>Utility Syntax Guidelines</b> </a> ,except the option modifiers cannot be presented as separate argumentsfrom the option letters.<p>The following options are supported:<dl compact><dt><b>-o</b><dd>(Copy Out.)Read the standard input to obtain a list of pathnamesand copy those files onto the standard outputtogether with pathname and status information.Output is padded to a 512-byte boundary.<dt><b>-i</b><dd>(Copy In.)Extract files from the standard input,which is assumed to be the product of a previous<i>cpio</i><b>-o</b>.Only files with names that match<i>pattern</i>sare selected.The extracted files are conditionally created and copiedinto the current directory treebased upon the options described below.The permissions of the files will be those of the previous<i>cpio</i><b>-o</b>.The owner and group of the fileswill be that of the current userunless the user has appropriate privileges, which causes<i>cpio</i>to retain the owner and group of the files of the previous<i>cpio</i><b>-o</b>.If the archive being read does not match the modifier specified,<i>cpio</i>may consider this to be an error and exit or may recognisethe archive and continue processing.Only a user with appropriate privileges canextract block special or character special files from an archive.<dt><b>-p</b><dd>(Pass.)Read the standard input to obtain a list of pathnamesof files that are conditionally created and copiedinto the destination<i>directory</i>tree based upon the option modifiers described below.</dl><p>The following option modifiers can be appended in anysequence to the<b>-o</b>,<b>-i</b>or<b>-p</b>options:<p><dl compact><dt><b>a</b><dd>Reset access times of input files after they have been copied.(When optionl(see below) is also specified,the access times of the linked files are not reset.)<dt><b>B</b><dd>Blockinput/output 5120 bytes to the record(does not apply to the<b>-p</b>option; meaningful only with data directed to or fromcharacter special files).<dt><b>d</b><dd>Createdirectories as needed.<dt><b>c</b><dd>Write or read header information incharacter form for portability.<dt><b>r</b><dd>Interactively rename files.For each archive member matching<i>pattern</i>operand, a prompt will be written to the file<b>/dev/tty</b>.The prompt will contain the name of the archive member, but the format isotherwise unspecified.A line will then be read from<b>/dev/tty</b>.If this line is blank, the archive member will be skipped.If this line consists of a single period, the archivemember will be processed with no modification to its name.Otherwise, its name will be replaced with the contents of the line.The<i>cpio</i>utility will immediately exit with a non-zero exit status if end-of-fieis encountered when reading a response, or if<b>/dev/tty</b>cannot be opened for reading and writing.<dt><b>t</b><dd>Write a table of contents of the input.No files are created.<dt><b>u</b><dd>Copy unconditionally(normally, an older file will not replace a newer file with the same name).<dt><b>v</b><dd>Verbose:print the names of the affected files.With the<b>t</b>option, provides a detailed listing.<dt><b>l</b><dd>Whenever possible, link files rather than copying them.Usable only with the<b>-p</b>option.<dt><b>m</b><dd>Retain previous file modification time.This option is ineffective on directories that are being copied.<dt><b>f</b><dd>Copy in all files except those in<i>pattern</i>s.</dl></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_210"> </a>OPERANDS</h4><blockquote>The following operands are supported:<dl compact><dt><i>directory</i><dd>A pathname of an existing directory to be used as the target of<i>cpio</i><b>-p</b>.<dt><i>pattern</i><dd>Expressions making use of a pattern-matching notationsimilar to that used by the shell for filename pattern matching,and similar to regular expressions.The following metacharacters are defined:<dl compact><dt>*<dd>Matches any string, including the empty string.<dt>?<dd>Matches any single character.<dt>[...]<dd>Matches any one of the enclosed characters.A pair of characters separated by `-'matches any symbol between the pair (inclusive), asdefined by the system default collating sequence.If the first character following the opening `[' is a `!',the results are unspecified.</dl><p>In<i>pattern</i>,the special characters "?", "*" and "[" also match the "/" character.Multiple cases of<i>pattern</i>can be specified and if no<i>pattern</i>is specified, the default for<i>pattern</i>is "*" (that is, select all files).<p></dl></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_211"> </a>STDIN</h4><blockquote>When the<b>-o</b>or<b>-p</b>options are used,the standard input is a text file containing a list of pathnames,one per line, to be copied.<p>Whenthe<b>-i</b>option is used,the standard input is an archive file formatted as specified by<i><a href="pax.html">pax</a></i>with the<b>-x cpio</b>option.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_212"> </a>INPUT FILES</h4><blockquote>The files identified by the pathnames in the standard inputare of any type.<p>When the<b>-r</b>option is used, the file<b>/dev/tty</b>is used to write prompts and read responses.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_213"> </a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4><blockquote>The following environment variables may affect the execution of<i>cpio</i>:<dl compact><dt><i>LANG</i><dd>Provide a default value for the internationalisation variablesthat are unset or null.If<i>LANG</i>is unset or null, the corresponding value from theimplementation-dependent default locale will be used.If any of the internationalisation variables contains an invalid setting, theutility will behave as if none of the variables had been defined.<dt><i>LC_ALL</i><dd>If set to a non-empty string value,override the values of all the other internationalisation variables.<dt><i>LC_COLLATE</i><dd>Determine the locale for thebehaviour of ranges, equivalence classesand multi-character collating elementswithin bracketed filename patterns.<dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i><dd>Determine thelocale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data ascharacters (for example, single- as opposed to multi-byte charactersin arguments and input files) andthe behaviour of character classeswithin bracketed filename patterns(for example,'[[:lower:]]*').<dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i><dd>Determine the locale that should be used to affectthe format and contents of diagnosticmessages written to standard error.<dt><i>LC_TIME</i><dd>Determine the format of date and timestrings output when listing the contents of an archive with the<b>-v</b>option; for example:<pre><code>cpio -icvt < /dev/sctmtm0</code></pre><dt><i>NLSPATH</i><dd>Determine the location of message cataloguesfor the processing of<i>LC_MESSAGES .</i><dt><i>TZ</i><dd>Determine the timezone used with date and time strings.</dl></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_214"> </a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4><blockquote>Default.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_215"> </a>STDOUT</h4><blockquote>When the<b>-o</b>option is used,the standard output is an archive file formatted as specified by<i><a href="pax.html">pax</a></i>with the<b>-x cpio</b>option.Otherwise, the standard output contains commentaryin an unspecified format concerning the progress of the execution.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_216"> </a>STDERR</h4><blockquote>When the<b>-o</b>option is not used,the standard error contains commentaryin an unspecified format concerning the progress of the execution.Otherwise, the standard error is used only for diagnostic messages.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_217"> </a>OUTPUT FILES</h4><blockquote>Output files are created, as specified by the archive, when the<b>-i</b>or<b>-p</b>options are used.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_218"> </a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote>None.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_219"> </a>EXIT STATUS</h4><blockquote>The following exit values are returned:<dl compact><dt>0<dd>Successful completion.<dt>>0<dd>An error occurred.</dl></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_220"> </a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4><blockquote>If a file or directory cannot be created or overwritten,<i>cpio</i>continues with the next file in the archiveor file to be added to the archive.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_221"> </a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4><blockquote>Archives created by<i>cpio</i>are portable between XSI-conformant systems provided the same procedures areused.<p>The shell metacharacter notation is not fully compatiblewith that used by the shell and the<i><a href="pax.html">pax</a></i>utility.Not all systems support the use of the negation character[! ...]in<i>cpio</i>patterns.Portable applications must avoid the use of this notation.<p>For portable communication of data between XSI-conformant systems, it isrecommended that only characters defined in theISO/IEC 646:1991 standard International Reference Version(equivalent to ASCII) 7-bit range ofcharacters be used and that only characters defined in the PortableFilename Character Set be used for naming files.This recommendationis given because XSI-conformant systems support diverse codesets and run invarious geographical areas and there is no single, well-establishedcodeset that incorporates all of the characters of the languages ofthe various geographical areas.<p>The<i>cpio</i>format only supports file sizes up to 8 gigabytes. <p>Applications should migrate to the<i><a href="pax.html">pax</a></i>utility.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_222"> </a>EXAMPLES</h4><blockquote><ol><p><li>Copy the contents of a directory onto an archive:<pre><code>ls | cpio -oc >../cpio.out</code></pre><p><li>Duplicate a directory hierarchy:<pre><code>cd olddirfind . -depth -print | cpio -pd ../newdir</code></pre><p></ol></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_223"> </a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4><blockquote>None.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_224"> </a>SEE ALSO</h4><blockquote><i><a href="ar.html">ar</a></i>,<i><a href="find.html">find</a></i>,<i><a href="ls.html">ls</a></i>,<i><a href="pax.html">pax</a></i>,<i><a href="tar.html">tar</a></i>.</blockquote><hr size=2 noshade><center><font size=2>UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>Copyright © 1997 The Open Group<br> [ <a href="../index.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../xshix.html">XSH</a> | <a href="../xcuix.html">XCU</a> | <a href="../xbdix.html">XBD</a> | <a href="../cursesix.html">XCURSES</a> | <a href="../xnsix.html">XNS</a> ]</font></center><hr size=2 noshade></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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