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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"><html><head><!-- Copyright 1997 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved --><title>mail</title></head><body bgcolor=white><center><font size=2>The Single UNIX ® Specification, Version 2<br>Copyright © 1997 The Open Group</font></center><hr size=2 noshade><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1327"> </a>NAME</h4><blockquote>mail - send or read mail (<b><a href="intro.html#tag_001_003_003">LEGACY</a></b>)</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1328"> </a>SYNOPSIS</h4><blockquote><pre><code>mail <b>[</b>-e<b>] [</b>-f <i>file</i><b>]</b>mail <b>[</b>-e| -p<b>][</b>-qr<b>][</b>-f <i>file</i><b>]</b>mail <b>[</b>-t<b>]</b><i> name</i> ...</code></pre></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1329"> </a>DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote>The<i>mail</i>utility cannot guarantee support for all character encodingsin all circumstances.For example,inter-system mail may be restricted to 7-bit data by the underlyingnetwork, 8-bit data need not be portable to non-internationalisedsystems, and so on.Under these circumstances, it is recommended thatonly characters defined in theISO/IEC 646:1991 standard International Reference Version(equivalent to ASCII) 7-bit range ofcharacters be used.<h5><a name = "tag_001_014_1329_001"> </a>Reading Mail</h5>The<i>mail</i>utilitywithout arguments writes a user's mail to standard output,message-by-message.Mail is stored in the user's individual mailfile.For each message, the user is given a promptand a line is read from the standard inputto determine the disposition of the message;see the EXTENDED DESCRIPTION section.<h5><a name = "tag_001_014_1329_002"> </a>Sending Mail</h5>When<i>name</i>s(user login names) are given,<i>mail</i>takes the standard input up to an end-of-file(or up to a line consisting of just a `.')and adds it to each user's mailfile.The message is preceded by the sender's name and a postmark.Lines in the message that begin with the sequence<b>From</b> are preceded with a">".<p>If a user being sent mail is not recognised, or if<i>mail</i>is interrupted during input, the message is saved in the file<b>dead.letter</b>to allow editing and resending.Note that this is regarded as a temporary file in that it is recreated everytime it is needed, erasing the previous contents of<b>dead.letter</b>.The<i>mail</i>utility tries to create<b>dead.letter</b>in the current directory.If that fails, it tries to createin the directory specified by the<i>HOME</i>environment variable.<p>It may also be possible to send mail to remote systemsusing system-specific naming conventions.<p>There are implementation-dependent mechanisms that can be used tocause all mail sent to the user to be forwarded to one or more otherdestinations.<br></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1330"> </a>OPTIONS</h4><blockquote>The<i>mail</i>utility supports the <b>XBD</b> specification, <a href="../xbd/utilconv.html#usg"><b>Utility Syntax Guidelines</b> </a> .The following options are supported for reading mail:<dl compact><dt><b>-e</b><dd>Test for the presence of mail.Display nothing and exit with a successful return code if there ismail to read.<dt><b>-p</b><dd>Write all mail to standard output without prompting for disposition.<dt><b>-q</b><dd>Terminate after interrupts.By default, an interruptterminates only the message being written.<dt><b>-r</b><dd>Write messages in first-in, first-out order.<dt><b>-f </b><i>file</i><dd>Use<i>file</i>(for example,<b>mbox</b>)instead of the default mailfile.</dl><p>The following option is supported for sending mail:<dl compact><dt><b>-t</b><dd>Precede the message by a list of all users the<i>mail</i>is sent to.</dl><br></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1331"> </a>OPERANDS</h4><blockquote>The following operand is supported for sending mail:<dl compact><dt><i>name</i><dd>A user login name.</dl></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1332"> </a>STDIN</h4><blockquote>The standard input is a text file of commands for writingmail or a text file to be added to the user's mailfile whensending mail.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1333"> </a>INPUT FILES</h4><blockquote>None.<br></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1334"> </a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4><blockquote>The following environment variable affects the execution of<i>mail</i>:<dl compact><dt><i>HOME</i><dd>Determine the pathname of the user's home directory.</dl><p>The following environment variables may affect the execution of<i>mail</i>:<dl compact><dt><i>LANG</i><dd>Provide a default value for the internationalisation variablesthat are unset or null.If<i>LANG</i>is unset or null, the corresponding value from theimplementation-dependent default locale will be used.If any of the internationalisation variables contains an invalid setting, theutility will behave as if none of the variables had been defined.<dt><i>LC_ALL</i><dd>If set to a non-empty string value,override the values of all the other internationalisation variables.<dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i><dd>Determine thelocale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data ascharacters (for example, single- as opposed to multi-byte charactersin arguments and input files).<dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i><dd>Determine the locale that should be used to affectthe format and contents of diagnosticmessages written to standard error,and informative messages written to standard output.<dt><i>LC_TIME</i><dd>Determine the format and contents of date andtime strings displayed by the<i>mail</i>utility.<dt><i>NLSPATH</i><dd>Determine the location of message cataloguesfor the processing of<i>LC_MESSAGES .</i><dt><i>TZ</i><dd>Determine the timezone used with date and time strings.</dl></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1335"> </a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4><blockquote>When reading mail, signals are caught and the useris returned immediately to the next prompt;however, if the<b>-q</b>option is specified,<i>mail</i>terminates.When sending mail, signals are caught, interruptingthe user's input.Any text already input is saved in the file<b>dead.letter</b>.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1336"> </a>STDOUT</h4><blockquote>When reading mail,the standard output is used for prompting and writing mail messages;the format of prompting and other informational messagesis unspecified.When sending mail, the standard output is not used.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1337"> </a>STDERR</h4><blockquote>Used only for diagnostic messages.<br></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1338"> </a>OUTPUT FILES</h4><blockquote>When reading mail,messages can be appended to files designated by the<b>s</b>or<b>w</b>commands or to a user's mailfile by using the<b>m</b>command.When sending mail, messages are written to mailfiles or to<b>dead.letter</b>.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1339"> </a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote>When reading mail, the following commands read from thestandard input determine the disposition of messages:<dl compact><dt>newline<dd>Go on to next message.<dt><b>+</b><dd>Same as the newline character.<dt><b>d</b><dd>Delete message and go on to next message.<dt><b>p</b><dd>Display message again.<dt><b>-</b><dd>Go back to previous message.<dt><b>s[</b><i>file</i><b>]</b><dd>Save the message in the named<i>file</i>(<b>mbox</b>is default).<dt><b>w[</b><i>file</i><b>]</b><dd>Save the message (on some implementations, without its header) inthe named<i>file</i>(<b>mbox</b>is default).<dt><b>m[</b><i>name ...</i><b>]</b><dd>Mail the message to the named users;the default is the user who invoked<i>mail</i>.<dt><b>q</b><dd>Store undeleted mail and stop.<dt><EOF><dd>Same as<b>q</b>.<dt><b>x</b><dd>Put all mail back in themailfile unchanged and stop.<dt><b>!</b><i>command</i><dd>Escape to the command interpreter to execute<i>command</i>.<dt><b>*</b><dd>Display a command summary.</dl></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1340"> </a>EXIT STATUS</h4><blockquote>The following exit values are returned:<dl compact><dt>0<dd>Successful completion when the user had mail.<dt>1<dd>The user had no mail or an initialisation error occurred.<dt>>1<dd>An error occurred after initialisation.</dl></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1341"> </a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4><blockquote>When reading mail, the mailfile is unchanged.When sending mail, some of the named users need not havetheir mailfiles appended with the message.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1342"> </a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4><blockquote>Delivery of messages to remote systems requires theexistence of communication paths to such systems.These need not exist.<p>The location of stored mail on exiting from<i>mail</i>using the<b>q</b>command differs between implementations and may be either the user'smailfile or the user's<b>mbox</b>.<p>In the description of reading mail, the phrase "go on to nextmessage" might or might not imply the displaying of the next message.<p>Input lines are limited to{LINE_MAX}bytes, but mailers between systemsmay impose more severe line-length restrictions.<p>Applications should migrate to the<i><a href="mailx.html">mailx</a></i>utility.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1343"> </a>EXAMPLES</h4><blockquote>None.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1344"> </a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4><blockquote>None.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_1345"> </a>SEE ALSO</h4><blockquote><i><a href="mailx.html">mailx</a></i>,<i><a href="uuencode.html">uuencode</a></i>.<br></blockquote><hr size=2 noshade><center><font size=2>UNIX ® is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>Copyright © 1997 The Open Group<br> [ <a href="../index.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../xshix.html">XSH</a> | <a href="../xcuix.html">XCU</a> | <a href="../xbdix.html">XBD</a> | <a href="../cursesix.html">XCURSES</a> | <a href="../xnsix.html">XNS</a> ]</font></center><hr size=2 noshade></body></html>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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