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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"><html><head><!-- Copyright 1997 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved --><title>chown</title></head><body bgcolor=white><center><font size=2>The Single UNIX &reg; Specification, Version 2<br>Copyright &copy; 1997 The Open Group</font></center><hr size=2 noshade><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_054">&nbsp;</a>NAME</h4><blockquote>chown - change the file ownership</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_055">&nbsp;</a>SYNOPSIS</h4><blockquote><pre><code>chown <b>[</b>-R<b>] </b><i>owner</i><b>[</b>:<i>group</i><b>] </b><i>file</i> ...</code></pre></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_056">&nbsp;</a>DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote>The<i>chown</i>utility will set the user ID of the file named by each<i>file</i>operand to the user IDspecified by the<i>owner</i>operand.<p>For each<i>file</i>operand,it will perform actions equivalent to the <b>XSH</b> specification<i><a href="../xsh/chown.html">chown()</a></i>function, called with the following arguments:<ol><p><li>The<i>file</i>operand will be used as the<i>path</i>argument.<p><li>The user ID indicated by the<i>owner</i>portion of the firstoperand will be used as the<i>owner</i>argument.<p><li>If the<i>group</i>portion of the first operand is given, thegroup ID indicated by it will be used as the<i>group</i>argument;otherwise, the group ID of the file will be used as the<i>group</i>argument.<p></ol><p>Unless<i>chown</i>is invoked by a process with appropriate privileges,the set-user-IDand set-group-IDbits of a regular file will be cleared upon successful completion;the set-user-IDand set-group-IDbits of other file types may be cleared.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_057">&nbsp;</a>OPTIONS</h4><blockquote>The<i>chown</i>utility supports the <b>XBD</b> specification, <a href="../xbd/utilconv.html#usg"><b>Utility Syntax Guidelines</b>&nbsp;</a> .<p>The following option is supported:<dl compact><dt><b>-R</b><dd>Recursively change file user IDs, and if the<i>group</i>operand is specified, group IDs.For each<i>file</i>operand that names a directory,<i>chown</i>changes the user and group ID of the directory and all filesin the file hierarchy below it.</dl></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_058">&nbsp;</a>OPERANDS</h4><blockquote>The following operands are supported:<dl compact><dt><i>owner</i><b>[</b>:<i>group</i><b>]</b><dd>A user ID and optional group ID to be assigned to<i>file</i>.The<i>owner</i>portion of this operand must be auser name from the user database or a numeric user ID.Either specifies a user IDto be given to each file named by one of the<i>file</i>operands.If a numeric<i>owner</i>operand exists in the user database as auser name, the user ID number associatedwith that user name will be used as the user ID.Similarly, if the<i>group</i>portion of this operand is present, itmust be a group name from the group database or a numeric group ID.Either specifies a group ID to be given to each file.If a numeric group operand exists in the group database as a groupname, the group ID number associated with that group name will beused as the group ID.<dt><i>file</i><dd>A pathname of a file whose user ID is to be modified.</dl></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_059">&nbsp;</a>STDIN</h4><blockquote>Not used.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_060">&nbsp;</a>INPUT FILES</h4><blockquote>None.<br></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_061">&nbsp;</a>ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES</h4><blockquote>The following environment variables affect the execution of<i>chown</i>:<dl compact><dt><i>LANG</i><dd>Provide a default value for the internationalisation variablesthat are unset or null.If<i>LANG</i>is unset or null, the corresponding value from theimplementation-dependent default locale will be used.If any of the internationalisation variables contains an invalid setting, theutility will behave as if none of the variables had been defined.<dt><i>LC_ALL</i><dd>If set to a non-empty string value,override the values of all the other internationalisation variables.<dt><i>LC_CTYPE</i><dd>Determine thelocale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data ascharacters (for example, single- as opposed to multi-byte charactersin arguments).<dt><i>LC_MESSAGES</i><dd>Determine the locale that should be used to affectthe format and contents of diagnosticmessages written to standard error.<dt><i>NLSPATH</i><dd>Determine the location of message cataloguesfor the processing of<i>LC_MESSAGES .</i></dl></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_062">&nbsp;</a>ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS</h4><blockquote>Default.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_063">&nbsp;</a>STDOUT</h4><blockquote>Not used.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_064">&nbsp;</a>STDERR</h4><blockquote>Used only for diagnostic messages.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_065">&nbsp;</a>OUTPUT FILES</h4><blockquote>None.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_066">&nbsp;</a>EXTENDED DESCRIPTION</h4><blockquote>None.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_067">&nbsp;</a>EXIT STATUS</h4><blockquote>The following exit values are returned:<dl compact><dt>0<dd>The utility executed successfully and all requested changes were made.<dt>&gt;0<dd>An error occurred.</dl></blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_068">&nbsp;</a>CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS</h4><blockquote>If, when invoked with the<b>-R</b>option,<i>chown</i>attempts but fails to change the user IDor,if the<i>group</i>operand is specified, group ID,of a particular file in a specified file hierarchy,it will continue to process theremaining files in the hierarchy.<p>If<i>chown</i>cannot read or search adirectory within a hierarchy, it will continue to processthe other parts of the hierarchy that are accessible.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_069">&nbsp;</a>APPLICATION USAGE</h4><blockquote>Only the owner of a file or the user with appropriate privilegesmay changethe owner or group of a file.<p>Some systems restrict the use of<i>chown</i>to a user with appropriate privileges.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_070">&nbsp;</a>EXAMPLES</h4><blockquote>None.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_071">&nbsp;</a>FUTURE DIRECTIONS</h4><blockquote>None.</blockquote><h4><a name = "tag_001_014_072">&nbsp;</a>SEE ALSO</h4><blockquote><i><a href="chmod.html">chmod</a></i>,<i><a href="chgrp.html">chgrp</a></i>,the <b>XSH</b> specification description of<i><a href="../xsh/chown.html">chown()</a></i>.</blockquote><hr size=2 noshade><center><font size=2>UNIX &reg; is a registered Trademark of The Open Group.<br>Copyright &copy; 1997 The Open Group<br> [ <a href="../index.html">Main Index</a> | <a href="../xshix.html">XSH</a> | <a href="../xcuix.html">XCU</a> | <a href="../xbdix.html">XBD</a> | <a href="../cursesix.html">XCURSES</a> | <a href="../xnsix.html">XNS</a> ]</font></center><hr size=2 noshade></body></html>
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