mailx.html

unix 下的C开发手册,还用详细的例程。

The default is
<b>noaskcc</b>.

<dt><b>autoprint</b><dd>
Enable automatic writing of messages after
<b>delete</b>
and
<b>undelete</b>
commands.
The default is
<b>noautoprint</b>.

<dt><b>bang</b><dd>Enable the special-case treatment of exclamation-marks
(!)
in escape command lines;
see the
<b>escape</b>
command and
<xref href=mxcmdesc><a href="#tag_001_014_1358_049">
Command Escapes in mailx
</a></xref>.
The default is
<b>nobang</b>,
disabling the expansion of
"!"
in the
<i>command</i>
argument to the
~!
command and the
~&lt;!<i>command</i>
escape.

<dt><b>cmd</b>=<i>command</i><dd>
Set the default command to be invoked by the
<b>pipe</b>
command.
The default is
<b>nocmd</b>.

<dt><b>crt</b>=<i>number</i><dd>
Pipe messages having more than
<i>number</i>
lines through the command specified by the value of the
<i>PAGER</i>
variable.
The default is
<b>nocrt</b>.
If it is set to null, the value used is implementation-dependent.

<dt><b>debug</b><dd>Enable verbose diagnostics for debugging.
Messages are not delivered.
The default is
<b>nodebug</b>.

<dt><b>dot</b><dd>When
<b>dot</b>
is set,
a period on a line by itself during
message input from a terminal also signifies end-of-file
(in addition to normal end-of-file).
The default is
<b>nodot</b>.
If
<b>ignoreeof</b>
is set (see below), a setting of
<b>nodot</b>
will be ignored and the period
is the only method to terminate input mode.

<dt><b>escape</b>=<i>c</i><dd>
Set the command escape character to be the character
<i>c</i>.
By default, the command escape character is tilde.
If
<b>escape</b>
is unset, tilde will be used;
if it is set to null, command escaping will be disabled.

<dt><b>flipr</b><dd>Reverse the meanings of the
<b>R</b>
and
<b>r</b>
commands.
The default is
<b>noflipr</b>.

<dt><b>folder</b>=<i>directory</i><dd>
The default directory for saving mail files.
User-specified filenames beginning with a plus sign
(+)
will be expanded by preceding the filename with
this directory name to obtain the real pathname.
If
<i>directory</i>
does not start with a slash
(/),
the contents of
<i>HOME</i>
will be prefixed to it.
The default is
<b>nofolder</b>.
If
<b>folder</b>
is unset or set to null, user-specified filenames
beginning with
"+"
refer to files in the current
directory that begin with the literal
"+"
character.
See also
<b>outfolder</b>
below.
The
<b>folder</b>
value need not affect the processing of the files named in
<i>MBOX</i>
and
<i>DEAD .
</i>
<dt><b>header</b><dd>Enable writing of the header summary when entering
<i>mailx</i>
in Receive Mode.
The default is
<b>header</b>.

<dt><b>hold</b><dd>Preserve all messages that are read in the
system mailbox instead of putting them in the
<b>mbox</b>
save file.
The default is
<b>nohold</b>.

<dt><b>ignore</b><dd>Ignore interrupts while entering messages.
The default is
<b>noignore</b>.

<dt><b>ignoreeof</b><dd>
Ignore normal end-of-file during message input.
Input can be terminated only by entering a period
(.)
on a line by itself
or by the
<b>~.</b>
command escape.
The default is
<b>noignoreeof</b>.
See also
<b>dot</b>
above.

<dt><b>indentprefix</b>=<i>string</i><dd>
A string that will be prefixed to each line
that is inserted into the message by the
<b>~m</b>
command escape.
This variable defaults to one
tab
character.

<dt><b>keep</b><dd>When a system mailbox, secondary mailbox or
<b>mbox</b>
is empty,
truncate it to zero length instead of removing it.
The default is
<b>nokeep</b>.

<dt><b>keepsave</b><dd>
Keep messages that have been saved in other files in the
system mailbox instead of deleting them.
The default is
<b>nokeepsave</b>.

<dt><b>metoo</b><dd>Suppress the deletion of
the login name of the user from the recipient list
when replying to a message or sending to a group.
The default is
<b>nometoo</b>.

<dt><b>onehop</b><dd>When responding to a message that was originally sent to several
recipients,
the other recipient addresses are normally forced to be relative to the
originating author's machine for the response.
This flag disables alteration of the recipients' addresses,
improving efficiency in a network where all machines can send directly
to all other machines (that is, one hop away).
The default is
<b>noonehop</b>.

<dt><b>outfolder</b><dd>
Cause the files used to record outgoing messages to be located
in the directory specified by the
<b>folder</b>
variable unless the
pathname is absolute.
The default is
<b>nooutfolder</b>.
See the
<b>record</b>
variable.

<dt><b>page</b><dd>Insert a
form-feed
after each message sent through the pipe created by the
<b>pipe</b>
command.
The default is
<b>nopage</b>.

<dt><b>prompt</b>=<i>string</i><dd>
Set the command-mode prompt to
<i>string</i>.
If
<i>string</i>
is null or if
<b>noprompt</b>
is set, no prompting will occur.
The default is to prompt with the string
? .

<dt><b>quiet</b><dd>Refrain from writing the opening message and version when entering
<i>mailx</i>.
The default is
<b>noquiet</b>.

<dt><b>record</b>=<i>file</i><dd>
Record all outgoing mail in the file with the pathname
<i>file</i>.
The default is
<b>norecord</b>.
See also
<b>outfolder</b>
above.

<dt><b>save</b><dd>Enable saving of messages in
the dead-letter file on interrupt or delivery error.
See the variable
<i>DEAD</i>
for the location of the dead-letter file.
The default is
<b>save</b>.

<dt><b>screen</b>=<i>number</i><dd>
Set the number of lines in a screenful of headers for the
<b>headers</b>
and
z
commands.
If
<b>screen</b>
is not specified,
a value based on the terminal type
identified by the
<i>TERM</i>
environment variable,
the window size, the baud rate, or some
combination of these will be used.

<dt><b>sendmail</b>=<i>shell-command</i><dd>
Alternative command for delivering messages.
The default is implementation-dependent. (<b>LEGACY</b>)

<dt><b>sendwait</b><dd>
Wait for the background mailer to finish before returning.
The default is
<b>nosendwait</b>.

<dt><b>showto</b><dd>When the sender of the message was the user who is invoking
<i>mailx</i>,
write the information from the
To:
line instead of the
From:
line in the header summary.
The default is
<b>noshowto</b>.

<dt><b>sign</b>=<i>string</i><dd>
Set the variable inserted into the text of a message when the
<b>~a</b>
command escape is given.
The default is
<b>nosign</b>.
The character sequences
\t
and
\n
are recognised in the variable as
tab and newline characters, respectively.
(See also
<b>~i</b>
in
<xref href=mxcmdesc><a href="#tag_001_014_1358_049">
Command Escapes in mailx
</a></xref>.)


<dt><b>Sign</b>=<i>string</i><dd>
Set the variable inserted into the text of a message when the
~A
command escape is given.
The default is
noSign.
The character sequences
\t
and
\n
will be recognised in the variable as
tab
and
newline characters,
respectively.

<dt><b>toplines</b>=<i>number</i><dd>
Set the number of lines of the message to write with the
<b>top</b>
command.
The default is 5.

</dl>
<h5><a name = "tag_001_014_1358_003">&nbsp;</a>Commands in mailx</h5>
<xref type="5" name="mxcmds"></xref>
The following
<i>mailx</i>
commands are provided.
In the following list, header refers to lines from the
message header, as shown in the OUTPUT FILES section.
Header-line refers to lines
within the header
that begin with one or more non-white-space characters, immediately
followed by a colon and white space
and continuing until the next line beginning
with a non-white-space character or
an empty line.
Header-field refers to the portion of a header line prior to the
first colon in that line.
<p>
For each of the
commands listed below, the command can be entered as the
abbreviation (those characters in the Synopsis command word preceding the
<b>[),</b>

the full command (all characters shown for the command word, omitting the
<b>[</b>
and
<b>]),</b>

or any
truncation of the full command down to the abbreviation.
For example, the
<b>exit</b>
command (shown as
<b>ex[it]</b>
in the Synopsis)
can be entered as
<b>ex</b>,
<b>exi</b>
or
<b>exit</b>.
<p>
The arguments to commands can be quoted, using the following methods:
<ul>
<p>
<li>
An argument can be enclosed between paired double-quotes
(&nbsp;)
or single-quotes
('&nbsp;');
any white space, shell word expansion or backslash
characters within the quotes will be treated literally
as part of the argument.
A double-quote will be treated literally within single-quotes
and <i>vice versa</i>.
These special properties of the quote marks
occur only when they are paired at the beginning and end of the argument.
<p>
<li>
A backslash outside of the enclosing quotes
is discarded and the following character treated literally
as part of the argument.
<p>
<li>
An unquoted backslash at the end of a command line is discarded
and the next line continues the command.
<p>
</ul>
<p>
Filenames, where expected,
are subjected to the process of shell word expansions (see
<xref href=wordexp><a href="chap2.html#tag_001_006">
Word Expansions
</a></xref>);
if more than a single pathname results
and the command is expecting one file, the effects are unspecified.
If the filename begins with an unquoted plus sign,
it will not be expanded, but treated as the
named file (less the leading plus) in the
<b>folder</b>
directory.
(See the
<b>folder</b>
variable.)
<h5><a name = "tag_001_014_1358_004">&nbsp;</a>Declare Aliases</h5>
<i>Synopsis</i>:   
a<b>[</b>lias<b>] [</b><i>alias </i><b>[</b><i>address</i>...<b>]]</b>
<br>
<i>Synopsis</i>:   
g<b>[</b>roup<b>] [</b><i>alias </i><b>[</b><i>address</i>...<b>]]</b>
<p>
Add the given addresses to the alias specified by
<i>alias</i>.
The names will be substituted when
<i>alias</i>
is used as a recipient
address specified by the user
in an outgoing message (that is,
other recipients addressed indirectly through the
<b>reply</b>
command will not be
substituted in this manner).
Mail address alias substitution applies
only when the alias string is used as a full address;
for example, when
<b>hlj</b>
is an alias,
[e-mail]
does not trigger the alias substitution.
If no arguments are given, write a listing of
the current aliases to standard output.
If only an
<i>alias</i>
argument is given, write a listing of the
specified alias to standard output.
These listings need not reflect the same order
of addresses that were entered.
<h5><a name = "tag_001_014_1358_005">&nbsp;</a>Declare Alternatives</h5>
<i>Synopsis</i>:   
alt<b>[</b>ernates<b>]</b> <i>name</i>...
<p>
Declare a list of alternative names for the user's login.
When responding to a message,
these names will be removed from the list of recipients for the response.
The comparison of names will be in a case-insensitive manner.
With no arguments,
<b>alternates</b>
will write the current list of alternative names.
<h5><a name = "tag_001_014_1358_006">&nbsp;</a>Change Current Directory</h5>
<i>Synopsis</i>:   
cd <b>[</b><i>directory</i><b>]</b>
<br>
<i>Synopsis</i>:   
ch<b>[</b>dir<b>]</b> <b>[</b><i>directory</i><b>]</b>
<p>
Change directory.
If
<i>directory</i>
is not specified,
the contents of
<i>HOME</i>
will be used.
<h5><a name = "tag_001_014_1358_007">&nbsp;</a>Copy Messages</h5>
<i>Synopsis</i>:   
c<b>[</b>opy<b>]</b> <b>[</b><i>file</i><b>]</b>
<br>
<i>Synopsis</i>:   
c<b>[</b>opy<b>]</b> <b>[</b><i>msglist</i><b>] </b><i>file</i>
<br>
<i>Synopsis</i>:   
C<b>[</b>opy<b>]</b> <b>[</b><i>msglist</i><b>]</b>
<p>
Copy messages to the file named by the pathname
<i>file</i>
without marking the messages as saved.
Otherwise, it is equivalent to the
<b>save</b>
command.
<p>
In the capitalised form,
save the specified messages in a file whose name is derived from the
author of the
message to be saved, without marking the messages as saved.
Otherwise, it is equivalent to the
<b>Save</b>
command.
<h5><a name = "tag_001_014_1358_008">&nbsp;</a>Delete Messages</h5>
<i>Synopsis</i>:   
d<b>[</b>elete<b>]</b> <b>[</b><i>msglist</i><b>]</b>
<p>
Mark messages for deletion from the mailbox.
The deletions will not occur until
<i>mailx</i>
quits (see the
<b>quit</b>
command)
or changes mailboxes (see the
<b>folder</b>
command).
If
<b>autoprint</b>
is set,
the next message after the last one deleted
will be written;
if there is no subsequent message, the previous message, if it exists,
will be written.
In the case of no subsequent or previous message,
or when
<b>noautoprint</b>