📄 第四章.htm
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<h1 align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-family:隶书;
color:#EFCE8F'>第四章</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:36.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
隶书;mso-fareast-font-family:隶书;color:#EFCE8F'> </span><span
style='font-family:隶书;color:#EFCE8F'>生物分子数据库</span></h1>
<p align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
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<p><span lang=EN-US><SELECT NAME="str_sel">
<OPTION SELECTED>========= 选择章节 ==========
<OPTION VALUE="4.1.htm">4.1 引言
<OPTION VALUE="4.2.htm">4.2 核酸序列数据库
<OPTION VALUE="4.3.htm">4.3 蛋白质序列数据库
<OPTION VALUE="4.4.htm">4.4 生物大分子结构数据库
<OPTION VALUE="4.5.htm">4.5 其它生物分子数据库
<OPTION VALUE="4.6.htm">4.6 数据库搜索
<OPTION VALUE="4.7.htm">4.7 数据库集成
<OPTION VALUE="4.question.htm">问题与练习
<OPTION VALUE="4.referance.htm">参考文献
</SELECT></span></p>
<p style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
宋体'> </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>国际上已建立起许多公共生物分子数据库，包括基因组图谱数据库、核酸序列数据库、蛋白质序列数据库、生物大分子结构数据库等。这些数据库由专门的机构建立和维护，他们负责收集、组织、管理和发布生物分子数据，并提供数据检索和分析工具，向生物学研究人员提供大量有用的信息，最大限度地满足他们研究和应用的需要，为他们的研究服务。</span><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span></p>
<h2 align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
隶书;color:#EFCE8F'>4.1 引言 </span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-indent:21.25pt;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>建立生物分子数据库的动因是由于生物分子数据的高速增长，而另一方面也是为了满足分子生物学及相关领域研究人员迅速获得最新实验数据的要求。生物分子信息分析已经成为分子生物学研究必备的一种方法。如果说理论分析和算法模拟是生物信息学实验方法的话，那么来自于具体实验的原始数据和来自于数据库的数据则是生物信息学的实验材料。数据库及其相关的分析软件是生物信息学研究和应用的重要基础，也是分子生物学研究必备的工具。</span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:left;text-indent:21.25pt;line-height:150%'><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>从数据库使用的角度来看，公共生物分子数据库应满足以下</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt'>5</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>个方面的主要需求：</span></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:
150%;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>1</span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>时间性</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>对于新发表的数据，应该能够在很短的时间内（几个小时至几天）通过国际互连网访问。</span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:
150%;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>2</span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>注释</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>对于每一个基本数据（如序列），应附加一致的、深层次的辅助说明信息。</span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:
150%;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>3</span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>）</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman"'> </span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>支撑数据</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>在有些情况下，数据库使用者需要得到原始的实验数据，因而要提供访问原始数据的方法。数据库中应包含原始数据，或者能够通过交叉索引访问实验数据库中的原始数据。</span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoPlainText style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:
150%;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>（</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>4</span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
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