📄 gpintro.ps
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1 Fn/fm 256 def2 2 254 948 B1 Fn/fm 256 def612 2 257 948 B1 Fn/fm 256 def2 2 870 948 B1 Fn/fm 256 def2 2 870 948 B1 Fn/fm 256 def2 53 254 894 B1 Fn/fm 256 def2 53 870 894 B1 Fn32 0 0 42 42 0 0 0 38 /Times-Italic /font31 ANSIFont font920 569 133 (Closure) 133 SB32 0 0 42 42 0 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font32 ANSIFont font920 632 77 (The ) 96 SB1016 632 161 (symbolic ) 180 SB1196 632 206 (expressions ) 225 SB1421 632 76 (will ) 95 SB1516 632 49 (be ) 68 SB1584 632 155 (operated ) 174 SB1758 632 53 (on ) 73 SB1831 632 50 (by ) 70 SB1901 632 63 (the ) 83 SB1984 632 121 (genetic) 121 SB920 682 243 (programming ) 251 SB1171 682 204 (mechanism ) 212 SB1383 682 35 (it ) 43 SB1426 682 39 (is ) 47 SB1473 682 162 (therefore ) 170 SB1643 682 172 (necessary ) 180 SB1823 682 76 (that ) 84 SB1907 682 54 (all ) 63 SB1970 682 135 (possible) 135 SB920 732 241 (arrangements ) 243 SB1163 732 44 (of ) 46 SB1209 732 63 (the ) 65 SB1274 732 206 (expressions ) 208 SB1482 732 76 (will ) 78 SB1560 732 81 (lead ) 83 SB1643 732 43 (to ) 45 SB1688 732 30 (a ) 32 SB1720 732 155 (program ) 157 SB1877 732 114 (which ) 117 SB1994 732 70 (can ) 73 SB2067 732 38 (be) 38 SB920 782 171 (evaluated ) 176 SB1096 782 139 (without ) 144 SB1240 782 105 (error. ) 110 SB1350 782 11 ( ) 16 SB1366 782 87 (This ) 92 SB1458 782 152 (property ) 157 SB1615 782 44 (of ) 49 SB1664 782 63 (the ) 68 SB1732 782 206 (expressions ) 211 SB1943 782 39 (is ) 45 SB1988 782 117 (termed) 117 SB920 832 346 (the closure property.) 346 SB920 932 77 (The ) 87 SB1007 932 156 (standard ) 166 SB1173 932 146 (division ) 156 SB1329 932 151 (operator ) 162 SB1491 932 25 (\( ) 36 SB1527 932 23 (/ ) 34 SB1561 932 25 (\) ) 36 SB1597 932 39 (is ) 50 SB1647 932 52 (an ) 63 SB1710 932 153 (example ) 164 SB1874 932 44 (of ) 55 SB1929 932 30 (a ) 41 SB1970 932 135 (possible) 135 SB225 982 681 (infringement of the closure property. If ) 682 SB907 982 120 (within ) 121 SB1028 982 63 (the ) 64 SB1092 982 186 (evaluation ) 187 SB1279 982 135 (process ) 136 SB1415 982 96 (there ) 97 SB1512 982 39 (is ) 40 SB1552 982 30 (a ) 31 SB1583 982 146 (division ) 147 SB1730 982 50 (by ) 51 SB1781 982 83 (zero ) 84 SB1865 982 63 (the ) 64 SB1929 982 176 (evaluating) 176 SB225 1032 574 (program itself will cause an error ) 575 SB800 1032 114 (which ) 115 SB915 1032 76 (will ) 77 SB992 1032 76 (halt ) 77 SB1069 1032 63 (the ) 64 SB1133 1032 132 (genetic ) 133 SB1266 1032 243 (programming ) 244 SB1510 1032 136 (system. ) 137 SB1647 1032 11 ( ) 12 SB1659 1032 37 (It ) 38 SB1697 1032 39 (is ) 40 SB1737 1032 162 (therefore ) 163 SB1900 1032 172 (necessary ) 173 SB2073 1032 32 (to) 32 SB225 1082 1525 (rewrite the division operator in a way that could not cause a halt in the evaluation process.) 1525 SB526 1182 418 (int divide\( int x, int y \) {) 418 SB976 1182 387 (if \( y == 0 \) return 0;) 387 SB1426 1182 378 (else return \( x / y \); }) 378 SB225 1282 1204 (Most genetic programmers who use the divide operator write this as %.) 1204 SB32 0 0 42 42 0 0 0 38 /Times-Italic /font31 ANSIFont font225 1382 187 (Sufficiency) 187 SB32 0 0 42 42 0 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font32 ANSIFont font225 1445 112 (When ) 114 SB339 1445 162 (choosing ) 164 SB503 1445 63 (the ) 65 SB568 1445 161 (symbolic ) 163 SB731 1445 206 (expressions ) 208 SB939 1445 35 (it ) 37 SB976 1445 39 (is ) 41 SB1017 1445 177 (important ) 179 SB1196 1445 76 (that ) 78 SB1274 1445 82 (they ) 84 SB1358 1445 70 (can ) 72 SB1430 1445 136 (express ) 138 SB1568 1445 45 (in ) 47 SB1615 1445 98 (some ) 100 SB1715 1445 221 (combination ) 223 SB1938 1445 30 (a ) 32 SB1970 1445 135 (solution) 135 SB225 1495 43 (to ) 54 SB279 1495 63 (the ) 74 SB353 1495 161 (problem. ) 172 SB525 1495 11 ( ) 22 SB547 1495 141 (Genetic ) 152 SB699 1495 243 (programming ) 254 SB953 1495 118 (makes ) 129 SB1082 1495 140 (obvious ) 151 SB1233 1495 63 (the ) 75 SB1308 1495 30 (a ) 42 SB1350 1495 106 (priori ) 118 SB1468 1495 193 (knowledge ) 205 SB1673 1495 104 (being ) 116 SB1789 1495 120 (placed ) 132 SB1921 1495 120 (within ) 132 SB2053 1495 52 (the) 52 SB225 1545 1090 (evolutionary mechanism by making it part of the design process.) 1090 SB225 1645 87 (This ) 92 SB317 1645 137 (explicit ) 142 SB459 1645 193 (knowledge ) 198 SB657 1645 50 (by ) 55 SB712 1645 63 (the ) 68 SB780 1645 154 (designer ) 159 SB939 1645 39 (is ) 44 SB983 1645 30 (a ) 35 SB1018 1645 172 (necessary ) 177 SB1195 1645 210 (prerequisite ) 215 SB1410 1645 44 (of ) 49 SB1459 1645 71 (any ) 76 SB1535 1645 221 (evolutionary ) 227 SB1762 1645 121 (design ) 127 SB1889 1645 64 (but ) 70 SB1959 1645 86 (does ) 92 SB2051 1645 54 (not) 54 SB225 1695 1556 (limit the use of the system. It is only at the point where detailed knowledge of the problem ) 1557 SB1782 1695 73 (and ) 74 SB1856 1695 82 (how ) 83 SB1939 1695 43 (to ) 44 SB1983 1695 97 (solve ) 98 SB2081 1695 24 (it) 24 SB225 1745 1749 (are placed within the evolutionary mechanism that limitations can occur if novel solutions are required.) 1749 SB225 1845 69 (For ) 71 SB296 1845 153 (example ) 155 SB451 1845 45 (in ) 47 SB498 1845 30 (a ) 32 SB530 1845 150 (problem ) 152 SB682 1845 44 (of ) 46 SB728 1845 63 (the ) 65 SB793 1845 136 (solitary ) 138 SB931 1845 81 (trail ) 83 SB1014 1845 172 (following ) 174 SB1188 1845 75 (ant, ) 77 SB1265 1845 45 (in ) 48 SB1313 1845 114 (which ) 117 SB1430 1845 52 (an ) 55 SB1485 1845 155 (artificial ) 158 SB1643 1845 103 (agent ) 106 SB1749 1845 135 (evolves ) 138 SB1887 1845 63 (the ) 66 SB1953 1845 117 (ability ) 120 SB2073 1845 32 (to) 32 SB225 1895 117 (follow ) 122 SB347 1895 30 (a ) 35 SB382 1895 81 (trail ) 86 SB468 1895 114 (which ) 119 SB587 1895 165 (increases ) 171 SB758 1895 45 (in ) 51 SB809 1895 197 (complexity ) 203 SB1012 1895 63 (the ) 69 SB1081 1895 127 (further ) 133 SB1214 1895 63 (the ) 69 SB1283 1895 103 (agent ) 109 SB1392 1895 134 (travels, ) 140 SB1532 1895 63 (the ) 69 SB1601 1895 161 (symbolic ) 167 SB1768 1895 206 (expressions ) 212 SB1980 1895 125 (contain) 125 SB225 1945 348 (IfPheremoneAhead, ) 353 SB578 1945 259 (MoveForward, ) 264 SB842 1945 189 (TurnRight ) 194 SB1036 1945 73 (and ) 78 SB1114 1945 174 (TurnLeft. ) 180 SB1294 1945 11 ( ) 17 SB1311 1945 38 (If ) 44 SB1355 1945 63 (the ) 69 SB1424 1945 248 (MoveForward ) 254 SB1678 1945 190 (expression ) 196 SB1874 1945 75 (was ) 81 SB1955 1945 150 (excluded) 150 SB225 1995 92 (from ) 95 SB320 1995 63 (the ) 66 SB386 1995 221 (evolutionary ) 224 SB610 1995 204 (mechanism ) 207 SB817 1995 85 (then ) 88 SB905 1995 63 (the ) 66 SB971 1995 146 (solution ) 149 SB1120 1995 103 (could ) 106 SB1226 1995 65 (not ) 68 SB1294 1995 49 (be ) 52 SB1346 1995 108 (found ) 111 SB1457 1995 46 (as ) 49 SB1506 1995 35 (it ) 38 SB1544 1995 39 (is ) 42 SB1586 1995 140 (obvious ) 143 SB1729 1995 76 (that ) 79 SB1808 1995 53 (no ) 56 SB1864 1995 98 (other ) 101 SB1965 1995 140 (operator) 140 SB225 2045 561 (moves the agent in any direction.) 561 SB32 0 0 50 50 0 0 0 46 /Times-Bold /font29 ANSIFont font225 2145 36 (A) 36 SB32 0 0 40 40 0 0 0 36 /Times-Bold /font29 ANSIFont font261 2155 348 (UTOMATICALLY ) 348 SB32 0 0 50 50 0 0 0 46 /Times-Bold /font29 ANSIFont font609 2145 36 (D) 36 SB32 0 0 40 40 0 0 0 36 /Times-Bold /font29 ANSIFont font645 2155 163 (EFINED ) 163 SB32 0 0 50 50 0 0 0 46 /Times-Bold /font29 ANSIFont font808 2145 30 (F) 30 SB32 0 0 40 40 0 0 0 36 /Times-Bold /font29 ANSIFont font838 2155 212 (UNCTIONS) 212 SB32 0 0 42 42 0 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font32 ANSIFont font225 2204 99 (Koza ) 100 SB325 2204 125 (spends ) 126 SB451 2204 30 (a ) 31 SB482 2204 112 (whole ) 113 SB595 2204 92 (book ) 93 SB688 2204 191 (explaining ) 192 SB880 2204 73 (and ) 74 SB954 2204 173 (analysing ) 174 SB1128 2204 239 (automatically ) 240 SB1368 2204 136 (defined ) 137 SB1505 2204 167 (functions ) 168 SB1673 2204 155 (\(Genetic ) 157 SB1830 2204 245 (Programming ) 247 SB2077 2204 28 (II) 28 SB225 2254 46 (or ) 51 SB276 2254 91 (Jaws ) 96 SB372 2254 51 (II: ) 57 SB429 2254 77 (The ) 83 SB512 2254 94 (ADF ) 100 SB612 2254 128 (Strikes ) 134 SB746 2254 110 (Back\) ) 116 SB862 2254 47 (so ) 53 SB915 2254 35 (it ) 41 SB956 2254 39 (is ) 45 SB1001 2254 148 (unlikely ) 154 SB1155 2254 76 (that ) 82 SB1237 2254 73 (this ) 79 SB1316 2254 96 (short ) 102 SB1418 2254 218 (introduction ) 224 SB1642 2254 76 (will ) 82 SB1724 2254 52 (do ) 58 SB1782 2254 97 (more ) 103 SB1885 2254 86 (than ) 92 SB1977 2254 70 (wet ) 76 SB2053 2254 52 (the) 52 SB225 2304 368 (appetite of the reader.) 368 SB225 2404 141 (Genetic ) 144 SB369 2404 243 (programming ) 246 SB615 2404 70 (can ) 73 SB688 2404 49 (be ) 52 SB740 2404 192 (considered ) 196 SB936 2404 46 (as ) 50 SB986 2404 204 (attempting, ) 208 SB1194 2404 144 (through ) 148 SB1342 2404 199 (selectionist ) 203 SB1545 2404 202 (techniques, ) 206 SB1751 2404 43 (to ) 47 SB1798 2404 145 (produce ) 149 SB1947 2404 158 (computer) 158 SB225 2454 171 (programs ) 175 SB400 2454 114 (which ) 118 SB518 2454 84 (map ) 88 SB606 2454 63 (the ) 67 SB673 2454 225 (environment ) 229 SB902 2454 128 (\(which ) 132 SB1034 2454 78 (also ) 82 SB1116 2454 131 (defines ) 135 SB1251 2454 63 (the ) 67 SB1318 2454 175 (problem\). ) 179 SB1497 2454 38 (If ) 42 SB1539 2454 58 (we ) 62 SB1601 2454 153 (consider ) 157 SB1758 2454 30 (a ) 34 SB1792 2454 101 (chess ) 105 SB1897 2454 106 (board ) 111 SB2008 2454 73 (and ) 78 SB2086 2454 19 (a) 19 SB225 2504 102 (pawn ) 111 SB336 2504 114 (which ) 123 SB459 2504 70 (can ) 79 SB538 2504 102 (move ) 111 SB649 2504 71 (one ) 80 SB729 2504 103 (space ) 112 SB841 2504 45 (in ) 54 SB895 2504 71 (any ) 80 SB975 2504 161 (direction ) 170 SB1145 2504 42 (at ) 51 SB1196 2504 71 (any ) 80 SB1276 2504 86 (time ) 95 SB1371 2504 85 (then ) 94 SB1465 2504 30 (a ) 39 SB1504 2504 132 (genetic ) 141 SB1645 2504 166 (program, ) 176 SB1821 2504 116 (whose ) 126 SB1947 2504 120 (fitness ) 130 SB2077 2504 28 (is) 28 SB225 2554 220 (proportional ) 227 SB452 2554 43 (to ) 50 SB502 2554 63 (the ) 70 SB572 2554 138 (amount ) 145 SB717 2554 44 (of ) 52 SB769 2554 80 (new ) 88 SB857 2554 137 (squares ) 145 SB1002 2554 123 (moved ) 131 SB1133 2554 54 (to, ) 62 SB1195 2554 114 (would ) 122 SB1317 2554 90 (have ) 98 SB1415 2554 43 (to ) 51 SB1466 2554 102 (make ) 110 SB1576 2554 42 (at ) 50 SB1626 2554 88 (least ) 96 SB1722 2554 53 (64 ) 61 SB1783 2554 118 (moves ) 126 SB1909 2554 43 (to ) 51 SB1960 2554 85 (gain ) 93 SB2053 2554 52 (the) 52 SB225 2604 183 (maximum ) 185 SB410 2604 131 (fitness. ) 133 SB543 2604 11 ( ) 13 SB556 2604 130 (Within ) 132 SB688 2604 88 (such ) 90 SB778 2604 30 (a ) 32 SB810 2604 180 (structured ) 182 SB992 2604 225 (environment ) 227 SB1219 2604 35 (it ) 37 SB1256 2604 39 (is ) 41 SB1297 2604 140 (obvious ) 142 SB1439 2604 76 (that ) 78 SB1517 2604 96 (there ) 99 SB1616 2604 63 (are ) 66 SB1682 2604 127 (certain ) 130 SB1812 2604 183 (repeatable ) 186 SB1998 2604 107 (blocks) 107 SB225 2654 44 (of ) 47 SB272 2654 118 (moves ) 121 SB393 2654 114 (which ) 117 SB510 2654 114 (would ) 117 SB627 2654 90 (have ) 93 SB720 2654 63 (the ) 66 SB786 2654 97 (same ) 100 SB886 2654 114 (effect. ) 117 SB1003 2654 11 ( ) 14 SB1017 2654 69 (For ) 72 SB1089 2654 153 (example ) 156 SB1245 2654 36 (if ) 39 SB1284 2654 63 (the ) 66 SB1350 2654 102 (pawn ) 105 SB1455 2654 75 (was ) 78 SB1533 2654 124 (started ) 127 SB1660 2654 92 (from ) 95 SB1755 2654 63 (the ) 66 SB1821 2654 128 (bottom ) 131 SB1952 2654 66 (left ) 69 SB2021 2654 84 (hand) 84 SB225 2704 119 (corner ) 120 SB345 2704 44 (of ) 45 SB390 2704 63 (the ) 64 SB454 2704 106 (board ) 108 SB562 2704 35 (it ) 37 SB599 2704 103 (could ) 105 SB704 2704 102 (move ) 104 SB808 2704 102 (north ) 104 SB912 2704 105 (seven ) 107 SB⌨️ 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