getoptsl.man

国外网站上的一些精典的C程序

FUNCTION:   getopts_lite()


ABSTRACT:   Command line argument processor. A subset of getopts() (also in
            SNIPPETS), handles switches, options, literal data, file names
            with or without wildcards. Only statically defined default values
            are supported. Range checking and response files are not
            supported.


CALL WITH:  int getopts_lite(int argc, char *argv[])

            argc and argv are passed from main()

            Option switches set up in an array of Option_Tag structures.


PROTOTYPED: In GETOPTSL.H.


ALSO USES:  DIRPORT.H


PORTABILITY:      Although written for DOS, getopts_lite() should port with
                  little effort to other environments. The only significant
                  barrier to portability is directory and filename
                  processing.


PROCESSING LITERAL DATA AND FILE NAMES
USING getopts_lite() WITHOUT OPTION PROCESSING:
-----------------------------------------------

You can call getopts_lite() without option processing by simply adding the
following line to your program:

struct Option_Tag options[] = {{ NUL, Error_Tag, NULL, 0}};

This is an empty options list which tells getopts_lite() not to look for
options.  When called this way, only the global xargc and xargv[] data are
saved.

All arguments will be treated as file names and getopts will try to expand
them. See the section below on options processing for more information on
specifying command line options.

Using xargs processing, the global variable xargc will be the total number of
arguments returned, including expanded filenames, plus 1. The full list of
arguments, including expanded filenames, is returned in the global xargv
array. Just as with argv, xargv[0] is the executing program's file name,
copied from argv[0].

If the arguments cannot be expanded, the xargv array will hold the same
contents as the original argv array. Note that command line options are
stripped from the xargv array, so if your command line had 10 arguments, of
which 5 were options, the xargv array would contain only 6 elements (remember
xargv[0]), assuming no wildcard expansion occurred.


PROCESSING OPTIONS USING getopts_lite():
----------------------------------------

Each program using getopts_lite() must specify an options[] array of
Option_Tag structures. Each of these structures must contain the following 7
fields:

Field 1 -   An integer specifying the letter used to control the option. For
            example if you wanted to add a optional filename specification
            using "-Ofilename", you would place 'O' in field 1. Note that
            options are case-sensitive, to make a case-insensitive option,
            you need to create two entries, in this example, one for 'O' and
            one for 'o'.

Field 2 -   This field contains the enumerated type of data to be changed.
            Valid values are:

            Boolean_Tag Used to specify True_/False_ switches.
            Word_Tag    Used to specify unsigned short values.
            DWord_Tag   Used to specify unsigned long values.
            Double_Tag  Used to specify double values.
            String_Tag  Used to specify strings (character arrays).
            Error_Tag   Used only in terminating records (see above).

Field 3 -   The address where the option data is to be stored.

Field 4 -   Specifies the size of the buffer (used only for strings).

Build your options[] array by specifying each option structure. When you're
done, terminate the array with a terminating record as shown above. See the
GETOPTST.C test file for an example.


OPTION STRING FORMATTING BY TYPE:
---------------------------------

Boolean_Tag       N.A.

Word_Tag          Decimal numeric constant.

DWord_Tag         Decimal numeric constant.

Double_Tag        Decimal numeric constant.

String_Tag        String literal.


String literals are saved just as typed. The only problem is with strings
containing spaces. Most operating systems split command line arguments at
whitespace, so if you wanted to specify a string containing spaces, the
entire argument, including the switch itself, must be enclosed in quotes, e.g.

-o"This is a string".



SPECIAL OPTIONS CONSIDERATIONS:
-------------------------------

All options are of the basic form, <switch_char><option>, and are processed
left-to-right in sequence. The getopts_lite() function allows the use of '-'
(DOS- style) or '/' (Unix-style) option switch characters. Should you need to
enter a filename which uses a switch character, simply precede it with a '-'.
Thus getopts_lite() will perform the translation, e.g.

--file.ext  =>    -file.ext

Per standard Unix practice, an option consisting only of back-to-back switch
characters, typically "--", is interpreted as a command to turn off further
option processing. Therefore a command tail consisting of...

-ofoo -ibar -xyz -- -oops

...where "-o", "-i", and "-x" are valid option characters defined in the
options[] array, would process the first three options, then return the fifth
argument as the string literal "-oops" in the xargv array.

Boolean options take the extended form, <switch_char><option>[<action>],
where the optional third action switch controls whether to turn the switch
off (the default action is to turn it on). Thus if you have a boolean option
defined which is controlled by the letter, 'a',

-a    turns on the option, while
-a-   turns off the option.

The getopts_lite() function does not allow for spaces between the switch
character and the following argument. Therefore, if you have defined an
option of type double, which is controlled by the letter, 'n',

-n98.6      is valid, while
-n 123.45   is invalid.