1.txt

·AT80C2051用内部比较器作AD转换器

printf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size); 
printf("hit any key:"); 
getch(); 
printf("\n"); 

/* free ptr from far heap */ 
farfree(ptr); 
}  

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C语言库函数(G类字母) - 5 
AiY.CN 收集整理 (2001-07-29 07:05:00) 
函数名: gety 
功 能: 返回当前图形位置的y坐标 
用 法: int far gety(void); 
程序例: 

#include <graphics.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <conio.h> 

int main(void) 
{ 
/* request auto detection */ 
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
char msg[80]; 

/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 

/* read result of initialization */ 
errorcode = graphresult(); 
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 
{ 
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 
getch(); 
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 
} 

/* move to the screen center point */ 
moveto(getmaxx() / 2, getmaxy() / 2); 

/* create a message string */ 
sprintf(msg, "<-(%d, %d) is the here.", getx(), gety()); 

/* display the message */ 
outtext(msg); 

/* clean up */ 
getch(); 
closegraph(); 
return 0; 
} 



函数名: gmtime 
功 能: 把日期和时间转换为格林尼治标准时间(GMT) 
用 法: struct tm *gmtime(long *clock); 
程序例: 

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <time.h> 
#include <dos.h> 

/* Pacific Standard Time & Daylight Savings */ 
char *tzstr = "TZ=PST8PDT"; 

int main(void) 
{ 
time_t t; 
struct tm *gmt, *area; 

putenv(tzstr); 
tzset(); 

t = time(NULL); 
area = localtime(&t); 
printf("Local time is: %s", asctime(area)); 
gmt = gmtime(&t); 
printf("GMT is: %s", asctime(gmt)); 
return 0; 
} 



函数名: gotoxy 
功 能: 在文本窗口中设置光标 
用 法: void gotoxy(int x, int y); 
程序例: 

#include <conio.h> 

int main(void) 
{ 
clrscr(); 
gotoxy(35, 12); 
cprintf("Hello world"); 
getch(); 
return 0; 
} 


函数名: graphdefaults 
功 能: 将所有图形设置复位为它们的缺省值 
用 法: void far graphdefaults(void); 
程序例: 

#include <graphics.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <conio.h> 

int main(void) 
{ 
/* request auto detection */ 
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int maxx, maxy; 

/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:\\bor\\Borland\\bgi"); 

/* read result of initialization */ 
errorcode = graphresult(); 
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 
{ 
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 
getch(); 
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 
} 

maxx = getmaxx(); 
maxy = getmaxy(); 

/* output line with non-default settings */ 
setlinestyle(DOTTED_LINE, 0, 3); 
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "Before default values are restored."); 
getch(); 

/* restore default values for everything */ 
graphdefaults(); 

/* clear the screen */ 
cleardevice(); 

/* output line with default settings */ 
line(0, 0, maxx, maxy); 
outtextxy(maxx/2, maxy/3, "After restoring default values."); 

/* clean up */ 
getch(); 
closegraph(); 
return 0; 
} 



函数名: grapherrormsg 
功 能: 返回一个错误信息串的指针 
用 法: char *far grapherrormsg(int errorcode); 
程序例: 

#include <graphics.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <conio.h> 

#define NONSENSE -50 

int main(void) 
{ 
/* FORCE AN ERROR TO OCCUR */ 
int gdriver = NONSENSE, gmode, errorcode; 

/* initialize graphics mode */ 
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 

/* read result of initialization */ 
errorcode = graphresult(); 

/* if an error occurred, then output a */ 
/* descriptive error message. */ 
if (errorcode != grOk) 
{ 
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 
getch(); 
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 
} 

/* draw a line */ 
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 

/* clean up */ 
getch(); 
closegraph(); 
return 0; 
} 



函数名: graphresult 
功 能: 返回最后一次不成功的图形操作的错误代码 
用 法: int far graphresult(void); 
程序例: 

#include <graphics.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <conio.h> 

int main(void) 
{ 
/* request auto detection */ 
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 

/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 

/* read result of initialization */ 
errorcode = graphresult(); 

if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 
{ 
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 
getch(); 
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 
} 

/* draw a line */ 
line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy()); 

/* clean up */ 
getch(); 
closegraph(); 
return 0; 
} 


函数名: _graphfreemem 
功 能: 用户可修改的图形存储区释放函数 
用 法: void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size); 
程序例: 

#include <graphics.h> 
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <conio.h> 
#include <alloc.h> 

int main(void) 
{ 
/* request auto detection */ 
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode; 
int midx, midy; 

/* clear the text screen */ 
clrscr(); 
printf("Press any key to initialize graphics mode:"); 
getch(); 
clrscr(); 

/* initialize graphics and local variables */ 
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, ""); 

/* read result of initialization */ 
errorcode = graphresult(); 
if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */ 
{ 
printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode)); 
printf("Press any key to halt:"); 
getch(); 
exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */ 
} 

midx = getmaxx() / 2; 
midy = getmaxy() / 2; 

/* display a message */ 
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT); 
outtextxy(midx, midy, "Press any key to exit graphics mode:"); 

/* clean up */ 
getch(); 
closegraph(); 
return 0; 
} 

/* called by the graphics kernel to allocate memory */ 
void far * far _graphgetmem(unsigned size) 
{ 
printf("_graphgetmem called to allocate %d bytes.\n", size); 
printf("hit any key:"); 
getch(); 
printf("\n"); 

/* allocate memory from far heap */ 
return farmalloc(size); 
} 

/* called by the graphics kernel to free memory */ 
void far _graphfreemem(void far *ptr, unsigned size) 
{ 
printf("_graphfreemem called to free %d bytes.\n", size); 
printf("hit any key:"); 
getch(); 
printf("\n"); 

/* free ptr from far heap */ 
farfree(ptr); 
}  

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
C语言库函数(I类字母) 
本文出自: 作者: (2001-10-23 15:00:01) 
   
函数名: imagesize  
功  能: 返回保存位图像所需的字节数  
用  法: unsigned far imagesize(int left, int top, int right, int bottom);  
程序例:  

#include <graphics.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <conio.h>  

#define ARROW_SIZE 10  

void draw_arrow(int x, int y);  

int main(void)  
{  
   /* request autodetection */  
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;  
   void *arrow;  
   int x, y, maxx;  
   unsigned int size;  

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */  
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");  

   /* read result of initialization */  
   errorcode = graphresult();  
   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */  
   {  
      printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));  
      printf("Press any key to halt:");  
      getch();  
      exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */  
   }  

   maxx = getmaxx();  
   x = 0;  
   y = getmaxy() / 2;  

   /* draw the image to be grabbed */  
   draw_arrow(x, y);  

   /* calculate the size of the image */  
   size = imagesize(x, y-ARROW_SIZE, x+(4*ARROW_SIZE), y+ARROW_SIZE);  

   /* allocate memory to hold the image */  
   arrow = malloc(size);  

   /* grab the image */  
   getimage(x, y-ARROW_SIZE, x+(4*ARROW_SIZE), y+ARROW_SIZE, arrow);  

   /* repeat until a key is pressed */  
   while (!kbhit())  
   {  
      /* erase old image */  
      putimage(x, y-ARROW_SIZE, arrow, XOR_PUT);  

      x += ARROW_SIZE;  
      if (x >= maxx)  
          x = 0;  

      /* plot new image */  
      putimage(x, y-ARROW_SIZE, arrow, XOR_PUT);  
   }  

   /* clean up */  
   free(arrow);  
   closegraph();  
   return 0;  
}  

void draw_arrow(int x, int y)  
{  
   /* draw an arrow on the screen */  
   moveto(x, y);  
   linerel(4*ARROW_SIZE, 0);  
   linerel(-2*ARROW_SIZE, -1*ARROW_SIZE);  
   linerel(0, 2*ARROW_SIZE);  
   linerel(2*ARROW_SIZE, -1*ARROW_SIZE);  
}  
   
   
   

函数名: initgraph  
功  能: 初始化图形系统  
用  法: void far initgraph(int far *graphdriver, int far *graphmode,  
    char far *pathtodriver);  
程序例:  

#include <graphics.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <conio.h>  

int main(void)  
{  
   /* request auto detection */  
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;  

   /* initialize graphics mode */  
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");  

   /* read result of initialization */  
   errorcode = graphresult();  

   if (errorcode != grOk)  /* an error occurred */  
   {  
      printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));  
      printf("Press any key to halt:");  
      getch();  
      exit(1);             /* return with error code */  
   }  

   /* draw a line */  
   line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy());  

   /* clean up */  
   getch();  
   closegraph();  
   return 0;  
}  
   
   

函数名: inport  
功  能: 从硬件端口中输入  
用  法: int inp(int protid);  
程序例:  

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <dos.h>  

int main(void)  
{  
   int result;  
   int port = 0;  /* serial port 0 */  

   result = inport(port);  
   printf("Word read from port %d = 0x%X\n", port, result);  
   return 0;  
}  
   
   

函数名: insline  
功  能: 在文本窗口中插入一个空行  
用  法: void insline(void);  
程序例:  

#include <conio.h>  

int main(void)  
{  
   clrscr();  
   cprintf("INSLINE inserts an empty line in the text window\r\n");  
   cprintf("at the cursor position using the current text\r\n");  
   cprintf("background color.  All lines below the empty one\r\n");  
   cprintf("move down one line and the bottom line scrolls\r\n");  
   cprintf("off the bottom of the window.\r\n");  
   cprintf("\r\nPress any key to continue:");  
   gotoxy(1, 3);  
   getch();  
   insline();  
   getch();  
   return 0;  
}  
   
   
   

函数名: installuserdriver  
功  能: 安装设备驱动程序到BGI设备驱动程序表中  
用  法: int far installuserdriver(char far *name, int (*detect)(void));  
程序例:  

#include <graphics.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <conio.h>  

/* function prototypes */  
int huge detectEGA(void);  
void checkerrors(void);  

int main(void)  
{  
   int gdriver, gmode;  

   /* install a user written device driver */  
   gdriver = installuserdriver("EGA", detectEGA);  

   /* must force use of detection routine */  
   gdriver = DETECT;  

   /* check for any installation errors */  
   checkerrors();  

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */  
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");  

   /* check for any initialization errors */  
   checkerrors();  

   /* draw a line */  
   line(0, 0, getmaxx(), getmaxy());  

   /* clean up */  
   getch();  
   closegraph();  
   return 0;  
}  

/* detects EGA or VGA cards */  
int huge detectEGA(void)  
{  
   int driver, mode, sugmode = 0;  

   detectgraph(&driver, &mode);  
   if ((driver == EGA) || (driver == VGA))  
      /* return suggested video mode number */  
      return sugmode;  
   else  
      /* return an error code */  
      return grError;  
}  

/* check for and report any graphics errors */  
void checkerrors(void)  
{  
   int errorcode;  

   /* read result of last graphics operation */  
   errorcode = graphresult();  
   if (errorcode != grOk)  
   {  
      printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));  
      printf("Press any key to halt:");  
      getch();  
      exit(1);  
   }  
}  

函数名: installuserfont  
功  能: 安装未嵌入BGI系统的字体文件(CHR)  
用  法: int far installuserfont(char far *name);  
程序例:  

#include <graphics.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <conio.h>  

/* function prototype */  
void checkerrors(void);  

int main(void)  
{  
   /* request auto detection */  
   int gdriver = DETECT, gmode;  
   int userfont;  
   int midx, midy;  

   /* initialize graphics and local variables */  
   initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");  

   midx = getmaxx() / 2;  
   midy = getmaxy() / 2;  

   /* check for any initialization errors */  
   checkerrors();  

   /* install a user defined font file */  
   userfont = installuserfont("USER.CHR");  

   /* check for any installation errors */  
   checkerrors();  

   /* select the user font */  
   settextstyle(userfont, HORIZ_DIR, 4);  

   /* output some text */  
   outtextxy(midx, midy, "Testing!");  

   /* clean up */  
   getch();  
   closegraph();  
   return 0;  
}  

/* check for and report any graphics errors */  
void checkerrors(void)  
{  
   int errorcode;  

   /* read result of last graphics operation */  
   errorcode = graphresult();  
   if (errorcode != grOk)  
   {  
      printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));  
      printf("Press any key to halt:");  
      getch();  
      exit(1);  
   }  
 }  
   
   
   

函数名: int86  
功  能: 通用8086软中断接口  
用  法: int int86(int intr_num, union REGS *inregs, union REGS *outregs);  
程序例:  

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <conio.h>  
#include <dos.h>  

#define VIDEO 0x10  

void movetoxy(int x, int y)  
{  
   union REGS regs;  

   regs.h.ah = 2;  /* set cursor postion */  
   regs.h.dh = y;  
   regs.h.dl = x;  
   regs.h.bh = 0;  /* video page 0 */  
   int86(VIDEO, ?s, ?s);  
}  

int main(void)  
{  
   clrscr();  
   movetoxy(35, 10);  
   printf("Hello\n");  
   return 0;  
}  
   
   

函数名: int86x  
功  能: 通用8086软中断接口  
用  法: int int86x(int intr_num, union REGS *insegs, union REGS *outregs,  
     struct SREGS *segregs);  
程序例: