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详细介绍了步进电机

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      <H3 align=center><SPAN class=title1>直线步进电机原理和应用简介</SPAN></H3>
      <P align=left><BR><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>The linear stepper motor has 
      been made flat instead of round so its motion will be along a straight 
      line instead of rotary. A picture of a linear motor and its amplifier is 
      shown in Fig. 11-69, and the basic parts of the linear motor are shown in 
      Fig. 11-70. In this diagram you can see the motor consists of 
      </FONT><I><FONT face=Arial size=2>a platen</FONT></I><FONT face=Arial 
      size=2> and </FONT><I><FONT face=Arial size=2>aforcer.</FONT></I><FONT 
      face=Arial size=2> The platen is the fixed part of the motor and its 
      length will determine the distance the motor will travel. It has a number 
      of teeth that are like the rotor in a traditional stepper motor except it 
      is passive and is not a permanent magnet. The forcer consists of four pole 
      pieces that each have three teeth. The pitch of each tooth is staggered 
      with respect to the teeth of the platen. It uses mechanical roller 
      bearings or air bearings to ride above the platen on an air gap so that 
      the two never physically come into contact with each other. The magnetic 
      field in the forcer is changed by passing current through its coils. This 
      action causes the next set of teeth to align with the teeth on the platen 
      and causes the forcer to move from tooth to tooth over the platen in 
      linear travel. When the current pattern is reversed, the forcer will 
      reverse its direction of travel. A complete switching cycle consists of 
      four full steps, which moves the forcer the distance of one tooth pitch 
      over the platen. The typical resolution of a linear motor is 12,500 steps 
      per inch, which provides a high degree of resolution. The typical load for 
      a linear motor is low mass that requires high-speed movements.</FONT></P>
      <DIV align=center>
      <P><IMG height=356 src="直线步进电机原理和应用简介 直线步进电机应用.files/s0.gif" width=300 
      border=0><BR><B><FONT face=Arial size=2>FIGURE 11-69 A linear motor and 
      its amplifier.&nbsp;</FONT></B><BR></P></DIV><BR>
      <DIV align=center><IMG height=262 
      src="直线步进电机原理和应用简介 直线步进电机应用.files/s2.gif" width=518 border=0><BR><B><FONT 
      face=Arial size=2>FIGURE 11-70 The forcer is shown on top of the platen of 
      a linear motor. The electromagnets are identified on the 
      forcer.&nbsp;</FONT></B> 
      <UL></UL>
      <OL></OL></DIV><A name=2>Theory of Operation</A> 
      <P><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>The forcer consists of two electromagnets 
      that are identified in Fig. 11-70 as magnet A and magnet B and one 
      permanent magnet. The permanent magnet is a strong rare-earth permanent 
      magnet. The electromagnets are formed in the shape of teeth so that their 
      magnetic flux can be concentrated. In the diagram you can see that the 
      forcer has four sets of teeth and these teeth are spaced in quadrature so 
      that only one set of teeth is aligned with the teeth on the platen at any 
      time.</FONT></P>
      <DIV></DIV><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>When current is applied to the coil 
      (field winding) of the electromagnets, their magnetic flux passes through 
      the air gap between the forcer and the platen, causing a strong attraction 
      between the two. The magnetic flux from the electromagnets also tends to 
      reinforce the flux lines of one of the permanent magnets and cancels the 
      flux lines of the other permanent magnet. The attraction of the forces at 
      the time when peak current is flowing is up to ten times the holding 
      force.</FONT><BR><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>When a pattern of energizing 
      one coil and then another is established, the resulting magnetic field 
      will pull the motor in one direction from one tooth to the next. When 
      current flow to the coil is stopped, the forcer will align itself to the 
      appropriate tooth set and create a holding force that tends to keep the 
      forcer from moving left or right to another tooth. The linear stepper 
      motor controller sets the pattern for energizing and de-energizing the 
      field coils so that the motor moves smoothly in either 
      direction.</FONT><B><FONT face=Arial size=2> </FONT></B><FONT face=Arial 
      size=2>By reversing the pattern, the direction the motor travels is 
      reversed.</FONT><BR><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>Figure 11-71 shows a block 
      diagram of the linear stepper motor controller. From this diagram you can 
      see that it has a microprocessor that interfaces with a digital-to-analog 
      converter, a force angle modifier, and a power amplifier. It also has a 
      power supply for the amplifiers and it may have an accelerometer amplifier 
      as an option. The microprocessor has ROM and EPROM memory to store 
      programs.</FONT><BR><BR>
      <DIV align=center><BR><IMG height=364 
      src="直线步进电机原理和应用简介 直线步进电机应用.files/s10.gif" width=514 border=0><BR><B><FONT 
      face=Arial size=2>FIGURE 11-71 A block diagram of a linear motor 
      controller.&nbsp;</FONT></B> 
      <UL></UL>
      <OL></OL></DIV><A name=3>Applications</A> 
      <P><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>The applications for a linear motor tend to 
      be straight-line motion. These types of applications are slightly 
      different from traditional stepper motor applications where the rotary 
      motion is converted to linear motion with a ball and screw, rack and 
      pinion, or other method. Figure 11-72 shows the linear motor used in a 
      coil winding positioner application. The linear motor in this application 
      is teamed with a servomotor that controls the speed of the coil winding 
      mechanism. The linear motor determines the exact location of the next coil 
      that is added to the spool. The speed of the linear motor can be increased 
      or decreased when the machine is spooling larger-diameter or 
      smaller-diameter wire. The ability of the linear motor to provide small 
      incremental steps makes it a good match for this application.</FONT></P>
      <DIV></DIV><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>Figure 11-73 shows a second 
      application where the linear motor is used to transport a semiconductor 
      wafer through a precision laser inspection station. The linear motor 
      provides excellent locating ability for this 
      application.</FONT><BR><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>A Compumotor L-L20-P96 
      system acts as the traverse element to guide the wire, while a Z Series 
      servo motor rotates the spindle. Both axes are coordinated by a Compumotor 
      4000 indexer preprogrammed to produce a number of different coil types. 
      Precise position control and mechanical simplicity over a long length of 
      travel are provided by the linear motor.</FONT><BR><BR>
      <DIV align=center>
      <P align=center><IMG height=296 src="直线步进电机原理和应用简介 直线步进电机应用.files/0.gif" 
      width=283 border=0><BR><B><FONT face=Arial size=2>FIGURE 11-72 A linear 
      stepper motor used in a coil winding application. The linear motor is used 
      to control the position of the coil winder.&nbsp;</FONT></B> 
      </P></DIV><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>In this application, the linear 
      motor acts as a transport for semiconductor wafers. The L20 linear motor 
      system offers increased throughput and gentle handling of the 
      wafer.</FONT><BR><BR>
      <DIV align=center>
      <P align=center><IMG height=237 src="直线步进电机原理和应用简介 直线步进电机应用.files/s1.gif" 
      width=288 border=0><BR><B><FONT face=Arial size=2>FIGURE 11-73 A linear 
      stepper motor used to transport a silicon semiconductor wafer through a 
      laser inspection station.&nbsp;</FONT></B> </P></DIV>
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