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>> First Eye at IBM WAS(3) continued [<a href=http://www.jsp001.com/forum/showthread.php?goto=newpost&threadid=604>查看别人的评论</a>]<br>
<hr><p>由 george 发布于: 2001-03-05 06:02</p><p><img src="images/icons/icon1.gif" alt="Post" border=0> </p><p>Security: ensuring authorized use only<br><br>When enterprise computing was handled solely by a few powerful mainframes located in<br>information systems (IS) sites, ensuring that only authorized users obtained access to<br>computing services and information was a fairly straightforward task. In distributed computing<br>systems, where users, application servers, and resource managers can be spread out across<br>the world, securing computing system resources has become a much more complicated task. <br><br>Although there are many issues associated with providing security in a distributed computing<br>system, the underlying issues have not really changed very much. A good security service<br>provides two main functions: authentication and authorization. <br><br>Authentication takes place when a principal (a user or a computer process) initially attempts<br>to gain access to a computing resource. At that point, the security service challenges the<br>principal to prove that the principal is who it claims to be. Human users typically prove who<br>they are by entering their user IDs and passwords; whereas a process normally presents an<br>encrypted key. If the password or key is valid, the security service gives the user a token or<br>ticket that identifies the principal and indicates that the principal has been authenticated. <br><br>After a principal is authenticated, it can then attempt to use any of the resources within the<br>boundaries of the computing system protected by the security service; however, a principal<br>can use a particular computing resource only if it has been authorized to do so. Authorization<br>takes place when an authenticated principal requests the use of a resource and the security<br>service determines if the user has been granted the privilege of using that resource. Typically,<br>authorization is handled by associating access control lists (ACLs) with resources that define<br>which users or processes (or groups of users or processes) are authorized to use the resource.<br>If the principal is authorized, the principal gains access to the resource. <br><br>In a distributed computing environment, principals and resources must be mutually suspicious<br>of each other's identity until both have proven that they are who they say they are. This is<br>necessary because a principal can attempt to fake its identity to get access to a resource, and<br>a resource can be a trojan horse, attempting to get valuable information from the principal. To<br>solve this problem, the security service contains a security server that acts as a trusted third<br>party, authenticating principals and resources so that these entities can prove their identities to<br>each other. </p></td>
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