lm70_x86.c.txt

这是《嵌入式linux－硬件、软件与接口》一书对应的所有linux方面实例的源代码

/*
 * LM70_x86 v1.0 11/05/01
 * www.embeddedlinuxinterfacing.com
 *
 * The original location of this code is
 * http://www.embeddedlinuxinterfacing.com/chapters/10/
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2001 by Craig Hollabaugh
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 * Library General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
 * License along with this program; if not, write to the
 * Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
 */

/*
 * LM70_x86.c is based on procfs_example.c by Erik Mouw.
 * For more information, please see The Linux Kernel Procfs Guide, Erik Mouw
 * http://kernelnewbies.org/documents/kdoc/procfs-guide/lkprocfsguide.html
 *
*/

/* LM70_x86
 * This device driver demonstrates communication with a LM70 temperature
 * sensor using SPI signalling. This routine implements SPI communication
 * in software (bit-banging). The driver creates a /proc directory entry 
 * called /proc/trailblazer/temperature. Scripts can read the current 
 * temperature from this file.
 *
 * This device driver communicates with a National Semiconductor 
 * LM70CIMM-3 MUA08A connected in the following manner.
 *
 *   Parallel              Temperature
 *     Port     Direction    Sensor
 *      D0    2      ->      V+   5
 *      D1    3      ->      /CS  7
 *      D2    4      ->      SC   2
 *     GND   25      -       GND  4
 *    Select 13     <-       SI/O 1
 */

/*
gcc -O2 -D__KERNEL__ -DMODULE -I/usr/src/linux/include -c LM70_x86.c -o LM70_x86.o
*/

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>

#include <asm/io.h>

#define MODULE_VERSION "1.0"
#define MODULE_NAME    "LM70_x86"

static struct proc_dir_entry  *tb_dir,
                              *temperature_file;

#define SPPDATAPORT     0x378
#define SPPSTATUSPORT  (SPPDATAPORT + 1)
#define SPPCONTROLPORT (SPPDATAPORT + 2)

/* status port bit definitions */
#define SIO             0x10

/* data port bit definitions */
#define VCC             0x01
#define nCS             0x02
#define SC              0x04

/* bit delay time, in usecs */
#define DELAY           140

unsigned char data;
#define clkLow()        outb(data & ~SC ,SPPDATAPORT)
#define clkHigh()       outb(data |  SC ,SPPDATAPORT)
#define assertCS()      outb(data & ~nCS,SPPDATAPORT)
#define deassertCS()    outb(data |  nCS,SPPDATAPORT)
#define readBit()       (SIO == (inb(SPPSTATUSPORT) & SIO))

/*
 * function initializeSensor
 * This function initializes the 'data' variable with VCC then
 * applies power to the LM70 by writing 'data' to the parallel
 * port. The /CS and SC lines are then put in an initialization state.
 *
 */
void initializeSensor(void)
{
  data = VCC;
  outb(data ,SPPDATAPORT); /* write the data to the parallel port */
  clkHigh();               /* clock high and /CS are SPI init state */ 
  deassertCS();
}

/*
 * function powerdownSensor
 * This function removes power from the LM70 by zeroing 'data'
 * and writing it to the parallel port. This function is called
 * when the device driver module is removed
 *
 */
void powerdownSensor(void)
{
  data = 0;
  outb(data ,SPPDATAPORT); /* write the data to the parallel port */
}

/*
 * function getTemperature
 * This function perform SPI communications with the LM70. The
 * LM70 clocks serial out on the falling edge of the SC signal.
 * This routine reads the SI/O line for this serial stream after
 * the rising edge of SC signal. The LM70 sends MSB first, this
 * routine performs the bit shifts. The signals, SC and /CS, are
 * intentionally slowed down to allow settling time on long
 * communication lines with extra capacitance.
 *
 * returns
 * getTemperature function returns the temperature in degrees C
 * in 1 degree increments
 *
 * This routine doesn't perform communication error checking or
 * reporting.
 *
 */
int getTemperature(void)
{
  unsigned char i;
  int temperature;

  assertCS();     /* enter the start condition */
  udelay(DELAY); 

  temperature = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
    clkLow();
    udelay(DELAY); 
    clkHigh();
    udelay(DELAY);
    temperature = ((temperature << 1) | readBit());
    /* shift the temperature bits then OR the input bit into the LSB */
  }

  deassertCS();

/*
 *  Now we to scale the temperature value. Simply shifting the
 *  bits right doesn't perform the correct operation if the
 *  temperature is below zero. Shifting introduces 0's into the
 *  MSB thus losing the negative sign bit. An integer divide by 32
 *  preserves the sign bit and eliminates the last unused 5 bits
 *
 *  At this point, after the divide by 32. temperature contains
 *  the count of LSB bits where 1 LSB equals 0.25C. An additional
 *  divide by 4 scales temperature in 1 degree increments.
 */

  temperature /= 128; /* 32 * 4 = 128 */

  return temperature;
}



/*
 * function proc_read_temperature
 * This function is called when the user performs a read operation
 * on /proc/trailblazer/temperature. This function fills the page
 * buffer with a temperature in degrees C.
 *
 */
static int proc_read_temperature(char *page, char **start, off_t off, 
                                 int count, int *eof, void *data)
{
  int len, temp;

  temp = getTemperature();
  len = sprintf(page, "%+d", temp); /* temp * 9 / 5 + 32 here for F */

  return len;
}

/*
 * function init_LM70_x86
 * This initialization function creates the /proc/trailblazer
 * directory and a temperature entry in it then initializes the
 * LM70 temperature sensor
 *
 */
static int __init init_LM70_x86(void)
{
  int rv = 0;

/* Create the trailblazer /proc entry */
  tb_dir = proc_mkdir("trailblazer", NULL);
  if(tb_dir == NULL) {
          rv = -ENOMEM;
          goto out;
  }
  tb_dir->owner = THIS_MODULE;

/* Create temperature and make it readable by all - 0444 */
  temperature_file = create_proc_entry("temperature", 0444, tb_dir);
  if(temperature_file == NULL) {
          rv = -ENOMEM;
          goto no_temperature;
  }
  temperature_file->data = NULL;
  temperature_file->read_proc = &proc_read_temperature;
  temperature_file->write_proc = NULL;
  temperature_file->owner = THIS_MODULE;

  initializeSensor();

/* everything initialized */
  printk(KERN_INFO "%s %s initialized\n",
         MODULE_NAME, MODULE_VERSION);
  return 0;

no_temperature:
  remove_proc_entry("trailblazer", NULL);
out:
  return rv;
}


/*
 * function cleanup_LM70_x86
 * This clean function powers down the sensor and removes 
 * the /proc/trailblazer directory and the temperature entry.
 */
static void __exit cleanup_LM70_x86(void)
{
  powerdownSensor();

  remove_proc_entry("temperature", tb_dir);
  remove_proc_entry("trailblazer", NULL);

  printk(KERN_INFO "%s %s removed\n", MODULE_NAME, MODULE_VERSION);
}


module_init(init_LM70_x86);
module_exit(cleanup_LM70_x86);

MODULE_AUTHOR("Craig Hollabaugh");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Trailblazer LM70_x86");

EXPORT_NO_SYMBOLS;