tcpip-manpages.sgml

eCos/RedBoot for勤研ARM AnywhereII(4510) 含全部源代码

     press since it doesn't have the full message.

CAVEATS
     The RRSET_VALIDATED flag in rri_flags is set if the AD (autenticated
     data) bit in the DNS answer is set. This flag should not be trusted
     unless the transport between the nameserver and the resolver is secure
     (e.g. IPsec, trusted network, loopback communication).

BSD                              Oct 18, 2000                              BSD
    </screen>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="net-common-tcpip-manpages-getservent">
    <title>getservent</title>
    <screen>
GETSERVENT(3)           System Library Functions Manual          GETSERVENT(3)

NAME
     getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent - get
     service entry

SYNOPSIS
     #include &lt;netdb.h>

     struct servent *
     getservent(void);

     struct servent *
     getservbyname(char *name, char *proto);

     struct servent *
     getservbyport(int port, char *proto);

     void
     setservent(int stayopen);

     void
     endservent(void);

DESCRIPTION
     The getservent(), getservbyname(), and getservbyport() functions each
     return a pointer to an object with the following structure containing the
     broken-out fields of a line in the network services database,
     /etc/services.

           struct  servent {
                   char    *s_name;        /* official name of service */
                   char    **s_aliases;    /* alias list */
                   int     s_port;         /* port service resides at */
                   char    *s_proto;       /* protocol to use */
           };

     The members of this structure are:

     s_name     The official name of the service.

     s_aliases  A zero-terminated list of alternate names for the service.

     s_port     The port number at which the service resides.  Port numbers
                are returned in network byte order.

     s_proto    The name of the protocol to use when contacting the service.

     The getservent() function reads the next line of the file, opening the
     file if necessary.

     The setservent() function opens and rewinds the file.  If the stayopen
     flag is non-zero, the net database will not be closed after each call to
     getservbyname() or getservbyport().

     The endservent() function closes the file.

     The getservbyname() and getservbyport() functions sequentially search
     from the beginning of the file until a matching protocol name or port
     number (specified in network byte order) is found, or until EOF is
     encountered.  If a protocol name is also supplied (non-null), searches
     must also match the protocol.

FILES
     /etc/services

DIAGNOSTICS
     Null pointer (0) returned on EOF or error.

SEE ALSO
     getprotoent(3), services(5)

HISTORY
     The getservent(), getservbyport(), getservbyname(), setservent(), and
     endservent() functions appeared in 4.2BSD.

BUGS
     These functions use static data storage; if the data is needed for future
     use, it should be copied before any subsequent calls overwrite it.
     Expecting port numbers to fit in a 32-bit quantity is probably naive.

BSD                            January 12, 1994                            BSD
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  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="net-common-tcpip-manpages-if-nametoindex">
    <title>if_nametoindex</title>
    <screen>
IF_NAMETOINDEX(3)       System Library Functions Manual      IF_NAMETOINDEX(3)

NAME
     if_nametoindex, if_indextoname, if_nameindex, if_freenameindex - convert
     interface index to name, and vice versa

SYNOPSIS
     #include &lt;net/if.h>

     unsigned int
     if_nametoindex(const char *ifname);

     char *
     if_indextoname(unsigned int ifindex, char *ifname);

     struct if_nameindex *
     if_nameindex(void);

     void
     if_freenameindex(struct if_nameindex *ptr);

DESCRIPTION
     These functions map interface indexes to interface names (such as
     ``lo0''), and vice versa.

     The if_nametoindex() function converts an interface name specified by the
     ifname argument to an interface index (positive integer value).  If the
     specified interface does not exist, 0 will be returned.

     if_indextoname() converts an interface index specified by the ifindex
     argument to an interface name.  The ifname argument must point to a
     buffer of at least IF_NAMESIZE bytes into which the interface name corre-
     sponding to the specified index is returned.  (IF_NAMESIZE is also
     defined in &lt;net/if.h> and its value includes a terminating null byte at
     the end of the interface name.)  This pointer is also the return value of
     the function.  If there is no interface corresponding to the specified
     index, NULL is returned.

     if_nameindex() returns an array of if_nameindex structures.
     if_nametoindex is also defined in &lt;net/if.h>, and is as follows:

     struct if_nameindex {
         unsigned int   if_index;  /* 1, 2, ... */
         char          *if_name;   /* null terminated name: "le0", ... */
     };

     The end of the array of structures is indicated by a structure with an
     if_index of 0 and an if_name of NULL.  The function returns a null
     pointer on error.  The memory used for this array of structures along
     with the interface names pointed to by the if_name members is obtained
     dynamically.  This memory is freed by the if_freenameindex() function.

     if_freenameindex() takes a pointer that was returned by if_nameindex() as
     argument (ptr), and it reclaims the region allocated.

DIAGNOSTICS
     if_nametoindex() returns 0 on error, positive integer on success.
     if_indextoname() and if_nameindex() return NULL on errors.

SEE ALSO
     R. Gilligan, S.  Thomson, J. Bound, and W. Stevens, ``Basic Socket Inter-
     face Extensions for IPv6,'' RFC2553, March 1999.

STANDARDS
     These functions are defined in ``Basic Socket Interface Extensions for
     IPv6'' (RFC2533).

BSD                              May 21, 1998                              BSD
    </screen>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="net-common-tcpip-manpages-inet">
    <title>inet</title>
    <screen>
INET(3)                 System Library Functions Manual                INET(3)

NAME
     inet_addr, inet_aton, inet_lnaof, inet_makeaddr, inet_netof,
     inet_network, inet_ntoa, inet_ntop, inet_pton - Internet address manipu-
     lation routines

SYNOPSIS
     #include &lt;sys/socket.h>
     #include &lt;netinet/in.h>
     #include &lt;arpa/inet.h>

     in_addr_t
     inet_addr(const char *cp);

     int
     inet_aton(const char *cp, struct in_addr *addr);

     in_addr_t
     inet_lnaof(struct in_addr in);

     struct in_addr
     inet_makeaddr(unsigned long net, unsigned long lna);

     in_addr_t
     inet_netof(struct in_addr in);

     in_addr_t
     inet_network(const char *cp);

     char *
     inet_ntoa(struct in_addr in);

     const char *
     inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, size_t size);

     int
     inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst);

DESCRIPTION
     The routines inet_aton(), inet_addr() and inet_network() interpret char-
     acter strings representing numbers expressed in the Internet standard `.'
     notation.  The inet_pton() function converts a presentation format
     address (that is, printable form as held in a character string) to net-
     work format (usually a struct in_addr or some other internal binary rep-
     resentation, in network byte order).  It returns 1 if the address was
     valid for the specified address family, or 0 if the address wasn't
     parseable in the specified address family, or -1 if some system error
     occurred (in which case errno will have been set).  This function is
     presently valid for AF_INET and AF_INET6.  The inet_aton() routine inter-
     prets the specified character string as an Internet address, placing the
     address into the structure provided.  It returns 1 if the string was suc-
     cessfully interpreted, or 0 if the string was invalid.  The inet_addr()
     and inet_network() functions return numbers suitable for use as Internet
     addresses and Internet network numbers, respectively.

     The function inet_ntop() converts an address from network format (usually
     a struct in_addr or some other binary form, in network byte order) to
     presentation format (suitable for external display purposes).  It returns
     NULL if a system error occurs (in which case, errno will have been set),
     or it returns a pointer to the destination string.  The routine
     inet_ntoa() takes an Internet address and returns an ASCII string repre-
     senting the address in `.' notation.  The routine inet_makeaddr() takes
     an Internet network number and a local network address and constructs an
     Internet address from it.  The routines inet_netof() and inet_lnaof()
     break apart Internet host addresses, returning the network number and
     local network address part, respectively.

     All Internet addresses are returned in network order (bytes ordered from
     left to right).  All network numbers and local address parts are returned
     as machine format integer values.

INTERNET ADDRESSES (IP VERSION 4)
     Values specified using the `.' notation take one of the following forms:

           a.b.c.d
           a.b.c
           a.b
           a

     When four parts are specified, each is interpreted as a byte of data and
     assigned, from left to right, to the four bytes of an Internet address.
     Note that when an Internet address is viewed as a 32-bit integer quantity
     on a system that uses little-endian byte order (such as the Intel 386,
     486 and Pentium processors) the bytes referred to above appear as
     ``d.c.b.a''.  That is, little-endian bytes are ordered from right to
     left.

     When a three part address is specified, the last part is interpreted as a
     16-bit quantity and placed in the rightmost two bytes of the network
     address.  This makes the three part address format convenient for speci-
     fying Class B network addresses as ``128.net.host''.

     When a two part address is supplied, the last part is interpreted as a
     24-bit quantity and placed in the rightmost three bytes of the network
     address.  This makes the two part address format convenient for specify-
     ing Class A network addresses as ``net.host''.

     When only one part is given, the value is stored directly in the network
     address without any byte rearrangement.

     All numbers supplied as ``parts'' in a `.' notation may be decimal,
     octal, or hexadecimal, as specified in the C language (i.e., a leading 0x
     or 0X implies hexadecimal; otherwise, a leading 0 implies octal; other-
     wise, the number is interpreted as decimal).

INTERNET ADDRESSES (IP VERSION 6)
     In order to support scoped IPv6 addresses, getaddrinfo(3) and
     getnameinfo(3) are recommended rather than the functions presented here.

     The presentation format of an IPv6 address is given in [RFC1884 2.2]:

     There are three conventional forms for representing IPv6 addresses as
     text strings:

     1.   The preferred form is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where the 'x's are the hex-
          adecimal values of the eight 16-bit pieces of the address.  Exam-
          ples:

                FEDC:BA98:7654:3210:FEDC:BA98:7654:3210
                1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A

          Note that it is not necessary to write the leading zeros in an indi-
          vidual field, but there must be at least one numeral in every field
          (except for the case described in 2.).

     2.   Due to the method of allocating certain styles of IPv6 addresses, it
          will be common for addresses to contain long strings of zero bits.
          In order to make writing addresses

          containing zero bits easier a special syntax is available to com-
          press the zeros.  The use of ``::'' indicates multiple groups of 16
          bits of zeros.  The ``::'' can only appear once in an address.  The
          ``::'' can also be used to compress the leading and/or trailing
          zeros in an address.

          For example the following addresses:

                1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A  a unicast address
                FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:43         a multicast address
                0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1             the loopback address
                0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0             the unspecified addresses

          may be represented as:

                1080::8:800:200C:417A       a unicast address
                FF01::43                    a multicast address
                ::1                         the loopback address
                ::                          the unspecified addresses

     3.   An alternative form that is so