📄 dhrystone.c
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//=============================================================================
//####UNSUPPORTEDBEGIN####
//
// -------------------------------------------
// This source file has been contributed to eCos/Red Hat. It may have been
// changed slightly to provide an interface consistent with those of other
// files.
//
// The functionality and contents of this file is supplied "AS IS"
// without any form of support and will not necessarily be kept up
// to date by Red Hat.
//
// The style of programming used in this file may not comply with the
// eCos programming guidelines. Please do not use as a base for other
// files.
//
// All inquiries about this file, or the functionality provided by it,
// should be directed to the 'ecos-discuss' mailing list (see
// http://sourceware.cygnus.com/ecos/intouch.html for details).
//
// -------------------------------------------
//
//####UNSUPPORTEDEND####
//=============================================================================
// Originally three different files, dhry.h, dhry21a.c and dhry21b.c
// Merged into one file and changed a little to avoid compilation warnings.
// The files were found at:
// FTP ftp.nosc.mil/pub/aburto/dhrystone
//=============================================================================
#include <pkgconf/system.h>
#include <pkgconf/infra.h>
#include <pkgconf/kernel.h>
#include <cyg/infra/cyg_type.h>
#include <cyg/infra/testcase.h>
#if !defined(CYGPKG_ISOINFRA)
# define NA_MSG "Requires CYGPKG_ISOINFRA"
#else
# include <pkgconf/isoinfra.h>
# if !defined(CYGFUN_KERNEL_API_C) \ || !defined(CYGINT_ISO_STDIO_FORMATTED_IO) \ || CYGINT_ISO_MALLOC == 0 \ || !defined(CYGINT_ISO_STRING_STRFUNCS)
# define NA_MSG "Requires CYGFUN_KERNEL_API_C && CYGINT_ISO_STDIO_FORMATTED_IO && CYGINT_ISO_MALLOC && CYGINT_ISO_STRING_STRFUNCS"
# elif !defined(__OPTIMIZE__) \ || defined(CYGPKG_INFRA_DEBUG) \ || defined(CYGPKG_KERNEL_INSTRUMENT)
# define NA_MSG "Only runs with optimized code, no tracing and no asserts"
# elif defined(CYGDBG_INFRA_DIAG_USE_DEVICE)
# define NA_MSG "Must use HAL diag output to avoid background DSR activity"
# endif
#endif
#ifndef NA_MSG
#include <cyg/hal/hal_cache.h>
#include <cyg/kernel/kapi.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
// Time in seconds.
double
dtime(void)
{
return (double) cyg_current_time() / 100;
}
// Number of loops to run.
#if defined(CYGPRI_KERNEL_TESTS_DHRYSTONE_PASSES)
# define PASSES CYGPRI_KERNEL_TESTS_DHRYSTONE_PASSES
#else
# define PASSES 400000
#endif
// Used in the code below to mark changes to the code.
#define __ECOS__
#undef true
#undef false
/*
*************************************************************************
*
* "DHRYSTONE" Benchmark Program
* -----------------------------
*
* Version: C, Version 2.1
*
* File: dhry.h (part 1 of 3)
*
* Date: May 25, 1988
*
* Author: Reinhold P. Weicker
* Siemens Nixdorf Inf. Syst.
* STM OS 32
* Otto-Hahn-Ring 6
* W-8000 Muenchen 83
* Germany
* Phone: [+49]-89-636-42436
* (8-17 Central European Time)
* UUCP: weicker@ztivax.uucp@unido.uucp
* Internet: weicker@ztivax.siemens.com
*
* Original Version (in Ada) published in
* "Communications of the ACM" vol. 27., no. 10 (Oct. 1984),
* pp. 1013 - 1030, together with the statistics
* on which the distribution of statements etc. is based.
*
* In this C version, the following C library functions are
* used:
* - strcpy, strcmp (inside the measurement loop)
* - printf, scanf (outside the measurement loop)
*
* Collection of Results:
* Reinhold Weicker (address see above) and
*
* Rick Richardson
* PC Research. Inc.
* 94 Apple Orchard Drive
* Tinton Falls, NJ 07724
* Phone: (201) 834-1378 (9-17 EST)
* UUCP: ...!uunet!pcrat!rick
*
* Please send results to Rick Richardson and/or Reinhold Weicker.
* Complete information should be given on hardware and software
* used. Hardware information includes: Machine type, CPU, type and
* size of caches; for microprocessors: clock frequency, memory speed
* (number of wait states). Software information includes: Compiler
* (and runtime library) manufacturer and version, compilation
* switches, OS version. The Operating System version may give an
* indication about the compiler; Dhrystone itself performs no OS
* calls in the measurement loop.
*
* The complete output generated by the program should be mailed
* such that at least some checks for correctness can be made.
*
*************************************************************************
*
* History: This version C/2.1 has been made for two reasons:
*
* 1) There is an obvious need for a common C version of
* Dhrystone, since C is at present the most popular system
* programming language for the class of processors
* (microcomputers, minicomputers) where Dhrystone is used
* most. There should be, as far as possible, only one C
* version of Dhrystone such that results can be compared
* without restrictions. In the past, the C versions
* distributed by Rick Richardson (Version 1.1) and by
* Reinhold Weicker had small (though not significant)
* differences.
*
* 2) As far as it is possible without changes to the
* Dhrystone statistics, optimizing compilers should be
* prevented from removing significant statements.
*
* This C version has been developed in cooperation with
* Rick Richardson (Tinton Falls, NJ), it incorporates many
* ideas from the "Version 1.1" distributed previously by
* him over the UNIX network Usenet.
* I also thank Chaim Benedelac (National Semiconductor),
* David Ditzel (SUN), Earl Killian and John Mashey (MIPS),
* Alan Smith and Rafael Saavedra-Barrera (UC at Berkeley)
* for their help with comments on earlier versions of the
* benchmark.
*
* Changes: In the initialization part, this version follows mostly
* Rick Richardson's version distributed via Usenet, not the
* version distributed earlier via floppy disk by Reinhold
* Weicker. As a concession to older compilers, names have
* been made unique within the first 8 characters. Inside the
* measurement loop, this version follows the version
* previously distributed by Reinhold Weicker.
*
* At several places in the benchmark, code has been added,
* but within the measurement loop only in branches that
* are not executed. The intention is that optimizing
* compilers should be prevented from moving code out of the
* measurement loop, or from removing code altogether. Since
* the statements that are executed within the measurement
* loop have NOT been changed, the numbers defining the
* "Dhrystone distribution" (distribution of statements,
* operand types and locality) still hold. Except for
* sophisticated optimizing compilers, execution times for
* this version should be the same as for previous versions.
*
* Since it has proven difficult to subtract the time for the
* measurement loop overhead in a correct way, the loop check
* has been made a part of the benchmark. This does have
* an impact - though a very minor one - on the distribution
* statistics which have been updated for this version.
*
* All changes within the measurement loop are described
* and discussed in the companion paper "Rationale for
* Dhrystone version 2".
*
* Because of the self-imposed limitation that the order and
* distribution of the executed statements should not be
* changed, there are still cases where optimizing compilers
* may not generate code for some statements. To a certain
* degree, this is unavoidable for small synthetic
* benchmarks. Users of the benchmark are advised to check
* code listings whether code is generated for all statements
* of Dhrystone.
*
* Version 2.1 is identical to version 2.0 distributed via
* the UNIX network Usenet in March 1988 except that it
* corrects some minor deficiencies that were found by users
* of version 2.0. The only change within the measurement
* loop is that a non-executed "else" part was added to the
* "if" statement in Func_3, and a non-executed "else" part
* removed from Proc_3.
*
*************************************************************************
*
* Defines: The following "Defines" are possible:
* -DROPT (default: Not defined)
* As an approximation to what an average C
* programmer might do, the "register" storage class
* is applied (if enabled by -DROPT)
* - for local variables, if they are used
* (dynamically) five or more times
* - for parameters if they are used (dynamically)
* six or more times
* Note that an optimal "register" strategy is
* compiler-dependent, and that "register"
* declarations do not necessarily lead to faster
* execution.
* -DNOSTRUCTASSIGN (default: Not defined)
* Define if the C compiler does not support
* assignment of structures.
* -DNOENUMS (default: Not defined)
* Define if the C compiler does not support
* enumeration types.
*
*************************************************************************
*
* Compilation model and measurement (IMPORTANT):
*
* This C version of Dhrystone consists of three files:
* - dhry.h (this file, containing global definitions and comments)
* - dhry_1.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_1)
* - dhry_2.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_2)
*
* The following "ground rules" apply for measurements:
* - Separate compilation
* - No procedure merging
* - Otherwise, compiler optimizations are allowed but should be
* indicated
* - Default results are those without register declarations
* See the companion paper "Rationale for Dhrystone Version 2" for a more
* detailed discussion of these ground rules.
*
* For 16-Bit processors (e.g. 80186, 80286), times for all compilation
* models ("small", "medium", "large" etc.) should be given if possible,
* together with a definition of these models for the compiler system
* used.
*
*************************************************************************
*
* Dhrystone (C version) statistics:
*
* [Comment from the first distribution, updated for version 2.
* Note that because of language differences, the numbers are slightly
* different from the Ada version.]
*
* The following program contains statements of a high level programming
* language (here: C) in a distribution considered representative:
*
* assignments 52 (51.0 %)
* control statements 33 (32.4 %)
* procedure, function calls 17 (16.7 %)
*
* 103 statements are dynamically executed. The program is balanced with
* respect to the three aspects:
*
* - statement type
* - operand type
* - operand locality
* operand global, local, parameter, or constant.
*
* The combination of these three aspects is balanced only approximately.
*
* 1. Statement Type:
* ----------------- number
*
* V1 = V2 9
* (incl. V1 = F(..)
* V = Constant 12
* Assignment, 7
* with array element
* Assignment, 6
* with record component
* --
* 34 34
*
* X = Y +|-|"&&"|"|" Z 5
* X = Y +|-|"==" Constant 6
* X = X +|- 1 3
* X = Y *|/ Z 2
* X = Expression, 1
* two operators
* X = Expression, 1
* three operators
* --
* 18 18
*
* if .... 14
* with "else" 7
* without "else" 7
* executed 3
* not executed 4
* for ... 7 | counted every time
* while ... 4 | the loop condition
* do ... while 1 | is evaluated
* switch ... 1
* break 1
* declaration with 1
* initialization
* --
* 34 34
*
* P (...) procedure call 11
* user procedure 10
* library procedure 1
* X = F (...)
* function call 6
* user function 5
* library function 1
* --
* 17 17
* ---
* 103
*
* The average number of parameters in procedure or function calls
* is 1.82 (not counting the function values as implicit parameters).
*
*
* 2. Operators
* ------------
* number approximate
* percentage
*
* Arithmetic 32 50.8
*
* + 21 33.3
* - 7 11.1
* * 3 4.8
* / (int div) 1 1.6
*
* Comparison 27 42.8
*
* == 9 14.3
* /= 4 6.3
* > 1 1.6
* < 3 4.8
* >= 1 1.6
* <= 9 14.3
*
* Logic 4 6.3
*
* && (AND-THEN) 1 1.6
* | (OR) 1 1.6
* ! (NOT) 2 3.2
*
* -- -----
* 63 100.1
*
*
* 3. Operand Type (counted once per operand reference):
* ---------------
* number approximate
* percentage
*
* Integer 175 72.3 %
* Character 45 18.6 %
* Pointer 12 5.0 %
* String30 6 2.5 %
* Array 2 0.8 %
* Record 2 0.8 %
* --- -------
* 242 100.0 %
*
* When there is an access path leading to the final operand (e.g. a
* record component), only the final data type on the access path is
* counted.
*
*
* 4. Operand Locality:
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