dosx.txt

PC-Lint是一种静态代码检测工具

This file documents the TNT DOS-Extender switches most likely to be
of use to end-users.  You may distribute all or any portion of this file 
with your bound product that incorporates TNT DOS-Extender.  You may also 
incorporate all or any portion of this file into your product documentation 
or on-line help.


Setting TNT DOS-Extender Switches in a Bound Application
--------------------------------------------------------

There are two ways you can give your customers the ability to set
TNT DOS-Extender switches in your bound application:  the CFIG386
utility, and a DOS environment variable.


The CFIG386 Utility
-------------------

You may distribute the CFIG386.EXE utility to end users when it is included
with your bound application.  Use the CFIG386 utility to add TNT DOS-Extender
switches to a bound application as follows:

	cfig386 <appl file name> <new switches>

For example, to add the switch -MAXXMSMEM 100000h to the bound application 
program EATMEM.EXE:

	cfig386 eatmem -maxxmsmem 100000h

To view all currently configured-in TNT DOS-Extender switches, just run
CFIG386 with no switches:

	cfig386 eatmem

To clear out all currently configured-in switches in the application,
enter the switch -CLEAR BEFORE the application name on the command line:

	cfig386 -clear eatmem


Switches in an Environment Variable
-----------------------------------

Using an environment variable is usually a better method for giving
end users the ability to specify TNT DOS-Extender switches.  It's simpler
to explain, and if you have your own TNT DOS-Extender switches configured
into your bound application, you don't run the risk of the end user
removing them by typing "cfig386 -clear."

To select an environment variable to contain TNT DOS-Extender switches,
configure the string "%varname" into the bound application, where "varname"
is the name of the environment variable.  A good choice for an environment
variable name is the name of your application program.  For example, if
your application is called DATABASE.EXE and you want to give users the
ability to specify TNT DOS-Extender switches in an environment variable
called database, configure in "%database":

	cfig386 database %database

The end user can then specify the switch -MAXVCPIMEM 100000h by typing
the DOS command:

	set database=-maxvcpimem 100000h

If the environment variable "database" does not exist, TNT DOS-Extender
ignores it and runs normally.


TNT DOS-Extender Command Line Switches Descriptions
---------------------------------------------------

The switches described below are TNT DOS-Extender switches that may be
useful to end-users.  Optional characters in the switch are enclosed
in brackets.  Numbers entered as switch parameters are base 10 by
default;  they may be entered in hexadecimal (base 16) by appending the
character 'h' to the number (e.g., -MINREAL 4096 and -MINREAL 1000h
are equivalent).

Weitek 1167/3167/4167 Coprocessor Detection
-------------------------------------------
-WEITEK ON
	TNT DOS-Extender automatically detects a Weitek coprocessor by
	making a Weitek-approved BIOS detection call.  Some machines have
	BIOSes that do not support this detection call, with the result
	that TNT DOS-Extender thinks there is no Weitek coprocessor when
	in fact one is installed.  If the application program requires
	a Weitek coprocessor, and is refusing to run because it thinks
	one is not present, use the -WEITEK ON switch to inform 
	TNT DOS-Extender that a Weitek coprocessor is actually present.

Cyrix EMC87 Coprocessor Detection
---------------------------------
-CYRIX ON
	TNT DOS-Extender automatically detects a Cyrix EMC87 coprocessor
	(which can be programmed both with normal 80387 instructions, and
	via a high performance memory-mapped interface).  The detection
	check is extremely reliable, but the -CYRIX ON switch is available
	to force detection of the Cyrix EMC87 in the unlikely event it
	is not automatically recognized.

Avoiding 386 B1 Stepping Paging Erratum, with 386|VMM
-----------------------------------------------------
-ERR[ATA17]
	There are two paging errata on the B1 stepping of the 80386 chip.
	They both cause the machine to hang when running a program that
	uses 80387 floating point instructions in protected mode.  Both
	errata are dependent on timing factors and the same program may
	hang in different places or not hang at all in successive runs.

	If the application program is bound with 386|VMM (uses virtual
	memory), and it is possible to reboot the machine with
	CTRL-ALT-DEL after it hangs, use the -ERRATA17 switch to enable
	a software workaround to the chip erratum.

	The other paging erratum (known as erratum 21) has no viable
	software workaround, and can occur regardless of whether 386|VMM
	is used.  The symptom of erratum 21 is that the machine cannot
	be rebooted with CTRL-ALT-DEL after it hangs.  A hardware workaround
	for erratum 21, in the form of a circuit board that goes between
	the 386 chip and the socket on the motherboard, is available
	from Intel.  Upgrading to a D0 step 386 chip also solves the problem.

Limiting Total Program Memory Usage
-----------------------------------
-MAXP[GMMEM] nbytes
	The -MAXPGMMEM switch limits the maximum amount of memory allocated
	to the application program.  If the program does not use 386|VMM,
	it limits the amount of physical memory consumed by the program.
	If the program does use 386|VMM, it limits the total amount of
	physical memory plus disk space for the swap file.  If you limit
	a program's memory consumption too much, it may not be able to run.

Leaving Conventional Memory Free
--------------------------------
-MINR[EAL] nparas
-MAXR[EAL] nparas
	By default, TNT DOS-Extender allocates all conventional memory
	(memory below 640K) for use by the application program, leaving none
	available for use by other programs.  The conventional memory is
	all freed again when the application program terminates.  Most
	applications that allow other programs to run (e.g., with an
	"execute DOS command" option) make sure there is enough conventional
	memory available to run the other program.  However, if 
	insufficient conventional memory is available, the -MINREAL and
	-MAXREAL switches can be used to limit the conventional memory
	used for the application program when it is initially loaded.
	
	The -MINREAL switch requires that at least the specified number of
	16-byte paragraphs of memory must be left free, available for
	use by other programs.  For example, -MINREAL 1000h leaves 
	64 KB (4K paragraphs) of memory free.

	The -MAXREAL switch is a request rather than a requirement;  it leaves
	as much conventional memory free as possible, up to the specified
	number of 16-byte paragraphs.  However, the minimum load-time memory 
	requirements of the application program override the value specified
	with -MAXREAL.  Using the -MAXREAL FFFFh switch (requesting 1 MB of
	conventional memory be left free) will cause TNT DOS-Extender to
	leave as much conventional memory free as possible.

Leaving Extended Memory Free
----------------------------
-MAXBL[KXMS] nbytes
	XMS memory is allocated in blocks;  because the total number of
	available blocks is limited, by default TNT DOS-Extender always
	allocates the largest available block when more memory is needed
	for the application program.  This may result in one program
	consuming all available memory, even though it doesn't need it all.
	Under Windows 3.x, for example, this could mean one protected 
	mode application takes all the XMS memory and no programs in
	other windows can get memory.  The -MAXBLKXMS switch limits the
	maximum size of each allocated XMS block.  The smaller the size
	of each block, the less memory will potentially be needlessly
	allocated.  But if you make the block size too small, you risk
	running out of XMS handles because too many XMS blocks get
	allocated.  If you need to use the -MAXBLKXMS switch to leave
	XMS memory free for other programs, use a fairly large block
	size such as 256K or 512K, and use the /numhandles=128 switch on
	the HIMEM.SYS driver when it is installed in CONFIG.SYS

-MAXV[CPIMEM] nbytes
-MAXX[MSMEM] nbytes
-MAXE[XTMEM] nbytes
	By default, all available extended memory is allocated for the
	application program as it is needed.  These switches can be used
	to limit consumption of extended memory from a specific source,
	thus leaving memory available for other programs.  Of course,
	limiting memory usage too severely may result in the application
	program being unable to run.

	The -MAXVCPIMEM switch limits consumption of memory from an EMS
	emulator with the VCPI interface to the specified number of bytes.

	The -MAXXMSMEM switch limits consumption of memory from an XMS
	driver (HIMEM.SYS) to the specified number of bytes.

	The -MAXEXTMEM switch limits consumption of extended memory allocated
	directly by TNT DOS-Extender (rather than through the VCPI or XMS
	interfaces) to the specified number of bytes.

Avoiding Programs That Incorrectly Mark Extended Memory Usage
-------------------------------------------------------------
-VDISK
	Older VDISK (RAM disk) programs mark their usage of extended memory
	in two locations.  Some programs mark only one location and not the
	other, or occasionally a second program wipes out one of the marks.
	If TNT DOS-Extender sees two different size values in the two marker
	locations, it prints out an error message identifying the two size
	values.  The -VDISK switch tells TNT DOS-Extender to use the larger
	of the two size marks and proceed normally.  Alternatively, the
	-EXTLOW switch can be used to give TNT DOS-Extender the correct
	low threshold in extended memory (the VDISK marking standard always
	allocates extended memory from 1 MB up).

-EXTL[OW] address
-EXTH[IGH] address
	Some older programs use extended memory without marking their use of
	it.  If you are using such a program, and you know which address
	range in extended memory it uses, you can use the -EXTLOW and
	-EXTHIGH switch to limit the address range TNT DOS-Extender uses
	in extended memory so conflicts will not occur.  For example, the
	switch settings "-EXTLOW 200000h -EXTHIGH 400000h" limit 
	extended memory usage by TNT DOS-Extender to the range 2 MB - 4 MB.

Running on a 386 Chip with the 32-bit MULtiply Erratum
------------------------------------------------------
-NOMUL
	Some B1 stepping 386 chips have an erratum that causes incorrect
	results from the MUL instruction when multiplying certain values.
	If TNT DOS-Extender detects this erratum, it prints an error message
	and refuses to run the program.  The -NOMUL switch can be used
	to force TNT DOS-Extender to run the program.  Before using the 
	-NOMUL switch, you should check with the application developer
	to make sure the application does not use the 32-bit MUL instruction
	(TNT DOS-Extender does not use the instruction).

Obtaining Debug Information When Programs Don't Work
----------------------------------------------------
-DEBUG 3
	The -DEBUG 3 switch enables debug printout by TNT DOS-Extender
	during program initialization.  It is useful for helping to
	track down problems that occur before the application program
	is loaded.  If you think you are encountering such a problem, use
	the -DEBUG 3 switch and redirect the output to a file, and then
	send the printout to the application developer for diagnosis.

-COM1 
-COM2
-BAUD 9600
	If the machine reboots when you run the application, and you can't
	obtain all the information printed out by the -DEBUG switch, try
	redirecting the debug output to a serial I/O port.  Connect the
	serial port to a dumb terminal or another PC running a terminal
	emulator program.  The -COM1 switch redirects I/O to serial port 1,
	-COM2 to serial port 2.  Use the DOS MODE command to set the 
	desired port parameters before running the program, or use the
	-BAUD switch to set the port parameters to 8 data bits, 1 stop
	bit, no parity, and the specified baud rate.  You can use
	CTRL-S and CTRL-Q at the remote terminal to stop and start the
	debug printout.