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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>问题</span><span lang=EN-US>.</span><span
style='mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>而且</span><span
lang=EN-US>,</span><span style='mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>我们期望得到最优解</span><span lang=EN-US>,<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span><span style='mso-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>但是目前包括遗传算法在内的所有算法都无法确切地、一般地得到全局最优解。这是一个矛盾，是实践的、现实的需要与数学中缺乏解决方法的之间的矛盾。厂商不能说因为你找不到最好的路径，所以拒绝去宣传――机会成本太高。所以这个矛盾的解决办法就是，怎样找一种<u>尽可能</u>好的路径，使得花钱最少――即使不是最优解也无所谓。</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;tab-stops:162.75pt;mso-char-indent-size:
10.5pt'><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>我们知道，优化问题一般都可以转化为求函数极值问题。这类问题对我们来说是很困难的。但是我们发现自然界中有很多过程与最小最大是有关系的。</span>在山顶上扔一块石头，它会往能量最低的方向跑去；水往低处流等等。<span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>所以人们就开始模拟自然界中一些过程，希望得到一些启发。</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt'><u1:p> </span><span lang=EN-US></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;tab-stops:162.75pt;mso-char-indent-size:
10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt'> <u1:p> </u1:p></span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;tab-stops:162.75pt;mso-char-indent-size:
10.5pt'><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>比如说，把一个烧红的铁块放置到一盆冷水中（这个过程叫退火），物理研究表明铁块的能量以最快的速度变到最小。对这个机能的研究和模仿人们得到了模拟退火算法</span><span
lang=EN-US>(Simulated Annealing)</span><span style='mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>：</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-indent:24.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0;tab-stops:162.75pt;mso-char-indent-size:
10.5pt'><span lang=EN-US> <u1:p> </u1:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:120.0pt;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-para-margin-left:10.0gd;tab-stops:162.75pt'><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
18.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>模拟退火</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt'><span style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span><sub><u2:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" u1:spt="75" u1:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
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width=21 height=15 id="_x0000_i1025"
src="http://www.quzhi.net/chinese/mathe/sx/a/images_c2/c2_2.h1.gif"
u2:shapes="_x0000_i1040"></sub><span style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span></span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>大型离散问题</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
18.0pt'><u1:p> </span><span lang=EN-US></u1:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:120.0pt;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-para-margin-left:10.0gd;tab-stops:162.75pt'><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
18.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>固体退火</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt'><span style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span><sub><u2:shape id="_x0000_i1041" type="#_x0000_t75" style="width:15.75pt;height:11.25pt" u1:ole="">
<u2:imagedata src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/02/clip_image003.wmz" u1:title=""/></u2:shape><img
width=21 height=15 id="_x0000_i1026"
src="http://www.quzhi.net/chinese/mathe/sx/a/images_c2/c2_2.h2.gif"
u2:shapes="_x0000_i1041"></sub><span style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span></span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>大型离散优化过程</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
18.0pt'><u1:p> </span><span lang=EN-US></u1:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:120.0pt;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-para-margin-left:10.0gd;tab-stops:162.75pt'><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
18.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>能量</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt'><span style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span><sub><u2:shape id="_x0000_i1042" type="#_x0000_t75" style="width:15.75pt;height:11.25pt" u1:ole="">
<u2:imagedata src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/02/clip_image003.wmz" u1:title=""/></u2:shape><img
width=21 height=15 id="_x0000_i1027"
src="http://www.quzhi.net/chinese/mathe/sx/a/images_c2/c2_2.h3.gif"
u2:shapes="_x0000_i1042"></sub><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> 目标函数</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
18.0pt'><u1:p> </span><span lang=EN-US></u1:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:120.0pt;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-para-margin-left:10.0gd;tab-stops:162.75pt'><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
18.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>能量最小态</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span><sub><u2:shape id="_x0000_i1043" type="#_x0000_t75" style="width:15.75pt;height:11.25pt" u1:ole="">
<u2:imagedata src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/02/clip_image003.wmz" u1:title=""/></u2:shape><img
width=21 height=15 id="_x0000_i1028"
src="http://www.quzhi.net/chinese/mathe/sx/a/images_c2/c2_2.h4.gif"
u2:shapes="_x0000_i1043"></sub><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
18.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>目标函数最小</span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt'><u1:p> </span><span lang=EN-US></u1:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:120.0pt;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
mso-para-margin-left:10.0gd;tab-stops:162.75pt'><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
18.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>状态空间</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span><sub><u2:shape id="_x0000_i1044" type="#_x0000_t75" style="width:15.75pt;height:11.25pt" u1:ole="">
<u2:imagedata src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/02/clip_image003.wmz" u1:title=""/></u2:shape><img
width=21 height=15 id="_x0000_i1029"
src="http://www.quzhi.net/chinese/mathe/sx/a/images_c2/c2_2.h5.gif"
u2:shapes="_x0000_i1044"></sub><span style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span></span><span
style='mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>优化变量</span><span style='mso-bidi-font-size:
18.0pt'><u1:p> </span><span lang=EN-US></u1:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
lang=EN-US> <u1:p> </u1:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>于是就有了一类“仿</span><span lang=EN-US>XX</span><span
style='mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>”方法：就是模仿自然中的一些方法来求极值。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US> <u1:p> </u1:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span
lang=EN-US> <u1:p> </u1:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center'><span style='mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>三</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US> <u1:p> </u1:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>仿生算法就是一大类目前研究的比较火热的算法。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US> <u1:p> </u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center'><sub><span lang=EN-US><u2:shape id="_x0000_i1039" type="#_x0000_t75" style="width:213.75pt;height:56.25pt" u1:ole=""><u2:imagedata src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msoclip1/02/clip_image008.wmz" u1:title=""/></u2:shape><img
width=285 height=75 id="_x0000_i1030"
src="http://www.quzhi.net/chinese/mathe/sx/a/images_c2/c2_2.h6.gif"
u2:shapes="_x0000_i1039"></span></sub></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US> <u1:p> </u1:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span><span
style='mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>遗传算法是仿生算法的一种，就是仿照自然界中生物进化过程的一种算法。下面我先只介绍遗传算法，而把其它两个放到后面适当的位置再作分析！</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span><span
style='mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>事实上，遗传算法不仅可以解决我们一般意义所理解的最优化问题。而且，现在在越来越多的领域内取得了成功：最优化，图像分割，图像检测，图像识别，神经网络权重设计，数据挖掘，载人航天，大坝安全监测，天线设计，物流管理，控制理论，集成电路设计，聚类分析，医疗诊断，材料设计，……</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:21.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span><span
style='mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>下面是有关遗传算法应用的一些论文的题目，从其中你可以看到遗传算法应用之广泛！</span></p>
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